scholarly journals Ideological and artistic concept of “The Tale of the Destruction of Riazan”

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Pervushin

The article reveals the ideological and substantive concept of one of the most striking monuments of Old Rus’ (medieval) writing “The Tale of the Destruction of Riazan”. This old Rus’ tale has often become the subject of study of literary scholars and historians. At the same time, it was extremely popular among the Old Rus’ scribes. More than a hundred copies of this “Tale” have survived. The article draws attention to previous research. Some conclusions are described and unresolved questions are raised. Then the content of the “Tale” itself is gradually and consistently examined. The generalisation of the epic image of the feast battle is made. Its existence is proved not only in the indicated formula of the “death cup”, but as the idea of the whole work. It was this image that ultimately influenced its structure, subordinated the ideological and artistic conception of the author. Thus, “The Tale of the Destruction of Riazan” is a thoughtful heroic story about the past. It contains a holistic picture of the life of the people and presents in harmonious unity the original artistic concept – the description of the battle as a feast. At the same time, the entire “Tale” being analysed, according to the evidence presented in the article, turns into Praise, and not just its last panegyric part. The main meaning of the whole work transforms the story of the death of Riazan into a description of the glory and greatness of the entire Riazan land. The author of the “Tale” surrounds the Riazan princely family with an aura of holiness. He glorifies them, triumphing on the last sweet-voiced chords of the whole story, full of “inner pathos”.

Rural History ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Reay

More bad history has been written about sex than any other subject. Our ignorance about the sexual attitudes and behaviour of people in the past is compounded by a desire to rush to rash generalisation. This is unfortunate, for (consciously or not) our perceptions of the present are shaped by our assumptions about the past. Britain's current preoccupation with ‘Victorian values’ is but a politically visible example of a more general phenomenon. And, more specifically, we do not know a great deal about lower-class sexuality in nineteenth-century England. There are studies of bourgeois desires and sensibilities, but little on the mores of the vast bulk of the population.As Jean Robin has demonstrated recently, one of the most fruitful approaches to the subject is the detailed local study – the micro-study. It may not appeal to those with a penchant for the broad sweep, but such an approach can provide a useful entry into the sexual habits of the people of the past. This article is intended as a follow-up to Robin's work. It deals with a part of rural Kent and, like Robin's work, it covers an aspect of nineteenth-century sexuality – in this case, the social context of illegitimacy. More particularly, this study (and here I differ from Robin) will question the usefulness of the concept of a ‘bastardy-prone sub-society’ (more of which later), a term still favoured by many historical sociologists. The experience of rural Kent suggests that bearing children outside marriage should be seen not as a form of deviancy but rather as part of normal sexual culture.


1919 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Kirk H. Porter

Within recent years there has been a tendency to give more careful attention to the technique of legislation. In the past proposed laws have often been prepared by legislators who knew what they wanted, but were not able to express their wishes in scientifically constructed form. It is desirable of course that representatives of the people should determine legislative policy; and yet it is not counter to any intelligent principle of democracy that the drafting of bills should be done by experts who can put in brief though adequate phrases the essence of what the technically unskilled representative may want. It should be their task to use political machinery intelligently, and to warn the overzealous advocate against using it in a vain attempt to achieve an end which mayhap cannot be secured through political machinery at all. It is right that the people, through democratic channels of popular assemblies, should determine what they want; but it is no less proper that use should be made of those with special training to formulate ways and means.Some states have already established legislative reference bureaus which do the work of bill drafting. The individual legislator goes to the bureau with a general outline of a law he has in mind. The bureau renders expert advice on the subject matter of the bill, if such advice is wanted, and proceeds to draft a measure embracing the subject in hand. The staff connected with the bureau should be prepared to offer advice as to the constitutionality of the proposed law, to cite precedents in other states if such can be found, and to express an opinion as to the probable attitude of the courts when interpreting it. Information should be at hand regarding the experience of other states, or indeed other countries, with similar legislation.


Author(s):  
A. Steve Roger Raj ◽  
J. Eugene

England is a country that has experienced various changes throughout the course of its history. From its land being invaded to colonizing in other lands, the cuisine has been under the constant state of adaptation and improvisation in order to meet the dietary needs of the people. This research is done to give an insight into the English Cuisine with respect to history in order to better elucidate the nature of the English food in adaptive flux through the centuries. This study shows historical data excavated from evidential books published throughout those centuries as well as articles and data published on the subject. The objectives of the research done are: To understand the nature of the English cuisine. To understand the history and origin of the English food developed. To understand the influences the cuisine had on other countries. To analyze the past events and the changes made that affect the current English Cuisine and evolution undergone. To better understand the future of the cuisine in terms of survival.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3D) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sergii Chyrchyk ◽  
Valerii Atlanov ◽  
Andrii Kravchenko ◽  
Yaroslav Lohinskyy ◽  
Olena Tryhub

Arts and crafts, preserves the historical and spiritual and cultural memory of the people, is a manifestation of their actions and feelings. It is that powerful root of human growth and improvement, nourishes the next generation with the life-giving force of the past. Contemplation and perfect mastery of arts and crafts motivates students to perceive any scientific, artistic information through the prism of studies, transform it in oneself and turn it into the property of the national spirit, culture, defend their ideals, views and beliefs. The subject of this article is a retrospective analysis of historical experience regarding the possibilities of arts and crafts in the formation of artistic and pedagogical competence of future teachers of fine arts. A thorough study of history, trends in the development of arts and crafts, mastering the techniques of creating art products contributes to the process of transferring students' knowledge into their beliefs, influences the actions and deeds of future teachers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Okelloh Ogera

Purpose: This article looks at the role played by agents: the people responsible for articulating and implementing inculturation in Africa. The article asks the simple question of are these agents useful or a hindrance in the process of inculturation? The article begins by identifying these agents then discusses the challenges they face in the process of inculturation. The article concludes by giving a way forward and that is an integrated approach in inculturation.Methodology: This study will review the available literature on the subject with a view to examining what previous research says concerning the role of the agents, that is human beings, in the process of inculturation. This was done with the main objective of examining the challenges that he agents of inculturation face, and concluding by exploring an integrated approach to inculturation, where all the agents are brought on board. Findings: This study found out that if inculturation is to truly take root in African Christianity, it must bring on board all actors, not just Church leaders, and trained theologians, but also the laity. All these actors also need to overcome some of the challenges that have hindered the prospects of inculturation which include but not limited to fear of syncretism, lack of enthusiasm by some Church leaders, answering the question of culture in a post-modern and globalized world.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This paper will offer unique contributions to policies and practices governing the attempts to make the Church in Africa truly African by proposing a re-evaluation of the way inculturation has been carried out in the past. This has tended to be spearheaded by professional theologians and some church leaders, neglecting the biggest constituency in the entire process, and that is the consumer of inculturational processes; the laity.


Author(s):  
Sylwia Sławińska

Abstrakt: Mimo iż temat migracji ludności nie jest tematem nowym (występował już w przeszłości) jest zagadnienie aktualnym, gdyż nieprzerwanie tocząca się wojna w Syrii, niestabilna sytuacja w Afryce oraz we wschodniej części Europy nierzadko zmusza mieszkającą tam ludność do opuszczenia swojego miejsca zamieszkania i ucieczki. W artykule znajdujemy odwołanie do współczesnego kryzysu migracyjnego. Przedstawiono podstawowe terminy z zakresu migracji. W celu odpowiedniego wprowadzenia czytelnika w przedstawianą w artykule tematykę, zostały przytoczone różne definicje pojęcia migrant. Zaprezentowane zostały różnice w pojmowaniu takich pojęć jak: migracja, imigracja, emigracja, reemigracja, deportacja, uchodźstwo, repatriacja. Ukazano podstawowe rodzaje migracji, a także wskazano przyczyny i powody skłaniające migrantów do wyjazdu ze swojego kraju pochodzenia. Opisano migracje jako zjawisko, które jest znane od początków ludzkości nawet powody są podobne. Zmienia się jedynie natężenie zjawiska. Artykuł jest również próbą obalenia mitów związanych z zagrożeniem ze strony migrantów. Przedstawiono obawy jakie pojawiają się przy podejmowaniu decyzji o ewentualnym przyjmowaniu migrantów. Ukazano korzyści i ujemne strony wynikające z przyjmowania migrantów. W dalszej część artykułu zostały przedstawione terminy z zakresu terroryzmu. Autor próbuje ukazać wpływ migracji na zagrożenie terroryzmem i na jego wzrost na kontynencie europejskim. Przedstawiono również główne miejsca emigracji Polaków. W Polsce działają organy i instytucje, których głównym zadaniem jest przeciwdziałanie, zapobieganie oraz zwalczanie terroryzmu. Ukazano przestępstwo o charakterze terrorystycznym definiowane przez polski Kodeks karny. Mam nadzieje, że artykuł chociaż w małym stopniu przyczyni się do przybliżenia społeczeństwu zjawiska współczesnych migracji i terroryzmu. Abstract: Even though, the subject of the migration of population is not a new topic (it appeared in the past), it is still an up-to-date issue because such facts as the war in Syria uninterruptedly taking place, the unstable situation in Africa and in the eastern part of Europe, frequently force the people living there to leave their place of residence and escape. In this article we can find the reference to the contemporary migration crisis. The basic terms concerning migration have been presented. Different definition of the idea ‘migrant’ have been mentioned in order to introduce the reader appropriately to the topic presented in the article. The differences have been presented in understanding such ideas as: migration, immigration, emigration, re-emigration, deportation, refugee status and repatriation. The basic types of migration have been shown and the reasons for making migrants to leave the country of their origin have been indicated. Migration has been described as a phenomenon, which has been known since the beginning of mankind and even the reasons are similar. Only the intensity of this phenomenon is changing. This article is also the attempt to debunk the myths connected with the threatening on the part of migrants. The anxieties, which appear while making decisions about the probable taking the refugees in, have also been presented. In the further part of the article there is a presentation of terms connected with terrorism. The author tries to show the influence of migration on the terrorism threat and the influence on its growth on the European continent. The main places of the emigration of Polish people have also been shown. In Poland there are active authorities and organizations whose main in counteracting, preventing and fighting terrorism. A crime of terrorist character, which is defined by the Polish Penal Code, has been shown. I hope that this article will at least slightly contribute to the process of making the society aware of the phenomenon of contemporary migration and terrorism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Popov ◽  
◽  
Ksenia M. Gerasimova ◽  

The subject of analysis in this article is the ranks of proper names that have entered the onomastic space of Russia over the past 75 years, in which the memory of the heroes and events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 has been preserved. The purpose of the work is to identify the specificity of onomastic units associated with the specified period in the history of our country. The authors of the article suggest calling them heroic toponyms, ergonyms, carabonyms, etc. According to the authors, the onomastic space of the Russian Federation is currently one of the most reliable types of historical memory of the people, since the names, surnames, and occupations of people who have made a significant contribution to the history of a particular settlement, region or country in overall, as well as the names of historical events. The process of this onomastic nomination is presented as part of the state policy of memory. The article examines in the aspect of commemoration toponyms, microtoponyms, oikonyms, urbanonyms, oronyms, carabonyms, astronyms, cosmonyms, ergonyms, as well as modern memorial sports events dedicated to the events and heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The main attention is paid to heroic toponymy, in particular, the specificity of the commemorative nomination in the settlements on the territory of which during the war years hostilities took place (hero cities, cities of military glory, settlements of military valor) are highlighted. The authors come to the conclusion that reliable information about one of the most difficult periods of Russian history will be reliably transmitted from generation to generation through the onomastic space of Russia.


Author(s):  
Lazizah Akmaliyah ◽  
Zahratul Jannah Zulfa ◽  
Nikmah Rochmawati

Ondel-ondel is a cultural performance of the Betawi people passed down from generation to generation. However, the problem that occurs is that along with the development of the era, ondel-ondel is no longer a sacred object and is no longer used for ritual offerings and the loss of cultural values of the ancestors. The purpose of making this journal is to find out the shift in the meaning of the ondel-ondel cultural myth to the beliefs of the people of Jakarta. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach and data collection techniques use interview techniques, observation and analysis of various journals or literature studies. The subject of this research was conducted on 4 people, namely a number of the Jakarta community about their views on the shift in the meaning of the myth of ondel-ondel art. In this day and age, ondel-ondel shows are very easy to find, especially on roadside areas in Jakarta. Unlike the old days, ondel-ondel was only displayed when there were certain events such as a traditional Betawi wedding. The result of this research is that there are differences and shifts in the meaning of ondel-ondel cultural myths. In ancient times ondel-ondel was only displayed during certain events. And people in ancient times tend to still believe in the existing ondel-ondel cultural myths. Unlike the current era, ondel-ondel is used as a means of getting money. The benefit of this research is to find out what values have been lost from previous cultures and be able to take good positive values taught in previous cultures without taking the negative values found in the past culture. It is enough to make historical knowledge to remember existing history. This study concludes that there has been a shift in meaning in the myth of ondel-ondel culture and sadly it occurs due to the pressure of economic factors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
I Kadek Yuda Arta Negara ◽  
Ketut Sari Adnyani ◽  
Ketut Sudiatmaka

The aim of this research are (1) to know the process of applied simple process, fast, and cheap cost in civil proceeding through medition at Land Judiciary Singaraja Class 1B. The types of this research was used empirical yuridical method. Techniques that the researcher used was purposive sampling. The subject of this research was mediator judge in land judiciary singaraja class 1b and object of this research was supreme courd regulation no 1, year 2016 about judiciary medition procedur and the research location in Land Judiciary Office singaraja class 1B. Techniques that the researcher used were interview and observation checklist. The data was analyzed by using descriptivel qualitative. The result of this research showed (1) nased on the result of this result, every case tha was entired in judiciary must be used E-Court system. So, in fast principle, the society who come at judiciary was available a E-court system in order the people who come in here don’t need come in judiciary. Simple princple, in simple princple way, if the past judge as replict, duplict, come in judiciary but nowdays, the judge only upload through email only. But, cheap cost, both of side must be come to the judiciary and did a medition . in order don’t exit most of money. (2) based on interview that was did with Mr. Dipa Rudiana., S.E., M.H and he was said PERMA effectivenessNo 1 year 2016 about medition procedur in applied simple principle, fast and cheap cost was on way and effective at Land Judiciary Singaraja Class 1B.


Considerable attention to the study of specific Ukrainian folk oral literature, observed recently led to the need for linguistic exploration of calendar ritual songs, because they most clearly record the echoes of the past and at the same time fix the peculiar changes caused by modern civilization processes. The folk poetry epithets are a conceptually important component of the artistic structure of folk works, including calendar-ritual poetry, as they relate to all the main images depicted in the songs. In the attributive space of calendar-ritual texts, the basic features of the outlook of the people are coded, as well as the meanings necessary for understanding the reconstruction of the mythological model of the Ukrainian world. Wreath is a ritual object that appears in all calendar ritual genres and has a wide range of epithets. It is determined that the names of plants are the most productive attributives for the designation of the wreath. This is due to the ritual practice of making wreaths from certain plants, endowed with symbolic semantics. Instead, epithets related to the names of jewels and express the idea of value are later in origin. It is observed that among the analyzed attributives, those whose have the positive evaluative component in the semantic structure are predominant. This is due to pragmatic studied texts, the purpose of ritual practices, mainly to the preservation, enhancement and production of important and useful things for person, and an overall positive reflection of the symbol of the wreath in the folk tradition. Attention is drawn to rarely used, but symbolically spacious epithets, the analysis of which contributes to the conceptualization of individual fragments of the world's mythological model. Consequently, the epithet characteristic of the wreath as a ritual object depends on the subject of the text, the speaker's orientation on the appropriate speech strategy to achieve the desired goal, as well as on the peculiarities of the mythopoetic model of the world. Epithets of the autumn-winter cycle are mostly secondary, transposed both from texts of spring-summer songs, and borrowed from the wedding ritualism of Ukrainians.


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