scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR SOWING FOREST SEEDS IN NURSERIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Mikhail Drapalyuk ◽  
Nikita Ushakov ◽  
Nikolai Jujukin ◽  
Aleksey Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Void Formation ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Forest Seeds ◽  
Small Forest

The analysis of sowing methods and existing types of seeders, which are used in forestry and agrotechnical complexes, as well as patent materials, is given. Analysis of domestic designs of SLP-M, SLU-5-20 and "Litva-25" seeders, intended for sowing small forest seeds in nurseries and open ground, showed that they are energy-intensive and do not always ensure the embedding of seeds in moist soil. The perspective directions of resource conservation in agriculture have been considered: sowing using "no-till" or "mini-do" technology, ensuring sowing of seeds in untreated and minimally cultivated soil. The combined seeder AGRATORDK is equipped with a disc cultivator and a seeder with gouters. The RAPIDRDA-450S seeder from VADERSTAD has spherical discs that cultivate soil in one pass. The presented methods of sowing and seeding devices have a significant drawback - the necessity of additional working bodies with a high probability of getting into the grooves of dry soil, moving the top layer of soil "back and forth." A gouter which can change the angle of entering the soil and planting depths of small forest seeds was developed. Preliminary laboratory studies have shown the operability of gouter mock-up specimen and the ability to cut the seed furrow by cutting out a layer of soil with void formation above the bottom of the seed furrow, into which seeds were fed through tubes from funnels. The seeds were embedded with a layer of soil under the influence of its own gravity

Influence of Tillage, Antecedent Moisture, and Rainfall Timing on Atrazine Transport

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert C. Sigua ◽  
Allan R. Isensee ◽  
Alim. Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Pore Volume ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
No Till ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
Intact Soil Cores ◽  
Intact Soil

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of rainfall timing and antecedent moisture on atrazine leaching through intact soil cores taken from no-till and conventional-till corn fields. Simulated rainfall was applied to no-till and conventional-till cores 1 to 14 d after atrazine application and, in a second study, one d after atrazine was applied to no-till and conventional-till cores at 1 to 800 kPa soil moisture. Increasing the lag time between atrazine application and rainfall from one to 14 d reduced the amount of atrazine leached by about 50% for both no-till and conventional-till soil cores. During the same time period, the amount of atrazine adsorbed to soil increased by about 30% for both tillages. Soil dryness (antecedent moisture) at the time of atrazine application had no effect on the amount of atrazine leached through conventional-till cores. However, leaching decreased in no-till cores as antecedent moisture decreased from 1 to 33 kPa; drying to 800 kPa had no further effect. The leaching rate of atrazine was much higher for the initial 0.5 pore volume than for the next 1.5 pore volume at all rainfall timing and antecedent moisture levels. This behavior is indicative of preferential transport.

scholarly journals Laboratory studies of the impact of a roller sorting machine on potato tubers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
A. S. Dorokhov ◽  
A. V. Sibirеv ◽  
A. G. Aksenov ◽  
N V. Sazonov
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Sorting Machine ◽  
Force Impact ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Impact

Existing machines for sorting potatoes damage marketable products as a result of the interaction of potato tubers with each other, with working organs and soil clods. The greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the machines for sorting. In order to determine the place of the greatest force impact of the working bodies of the sorting machines on the potato tuber and to carry out subsequent measures to eliminate negative effects in the design of these machines, laboratory studies were carried out using the "The TuberLog Electronic Potato" software tool. The article provides the results of comparative studies of the force impact of the sorting surface on the electronic potato tuber at various values of the forward speed of movement and interaction time of the working surface of roller-type machine for sorting potato tubers. Analysis of graphical dependencies showed that the greatest force impact (up to 22 N) on a potato tuber falls on the time interval of values from 8.5 to 9.5 s, while the standard deviation and coefficient of variation are σ = 5.7 and ν = 24.8 %, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data showed that the most "gentle" force impact of the working bodies of the sorting machine at the forward speed of the roller belt of 1.4 m / s throughout the entire technological process of sorting is the minimum force impact on the sorted products in the range from 3 to 6.5 N, which is 28-31% of the maximum force impact of working bodies at speeds of 1.8 and 2.2 m/s.

scholarly journals Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
I. V. Liskin ◽  
A. V. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Working Bodies

The authors presented the results of laboratory studies of artificial soil based on sand-paraffin mixtures, reflecting the physical and mechanical soil properties with the presence of plant residues. They conducted tests to determine the soil-cutting working bodies’ traction resistance during tillage with the presence of root and crop residues.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of an artificial soil environment containing models of root and crop residues for laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of soil-cutting working bodies operated on post-harvest, virgin and fallow farmland.(Materials and methods) An artificial soil environment was developed by introducing filamentous components 5-25 millimeters long into its composition.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the criteria of geometric similarity “model – nature” for the soil conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. It was found that the equality of the criteria “model – nature” for laboratory research of fallow lands occurred when the length of the  filamentous components was from 20 mm and the concentration was from 20 segments per unit cross-sectional area when passing 0.1 meter in artificial soil. It was revealed that for modeling old arable lands, the length of the filamentous components should exceed 5 millimeters, the concentration should be from 10 segments per 0.1 meter of the length of passage in artificial soil. The authors conducted field tests of arable units on fallow and old arable lands.(Conclusions) The authors found out that the equality of the geometric criteria for the similarity of the artificial soil environment and real soil conditions allowed laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of the tillage working bodies’ blades. It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SOIL MACHINE FOR STRIP-TILL TECHNOLOGY WITH ACTIVE MILLING WORKING BODIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sereda Leonid ◽  
Trukhanska Elena ◽  
Shvets Ludmila
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
No Till ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Working Bodies

One of the achievements in the field of growing crop products is the development and implementation of the latest low-cost No-till and Strip-till technologies. On the positive side of these technologies, overnight economic efficiency there are other advantages over industrial technology: the conservation and improvement of soil and environmental indicators, such as the prevention of erosion. Against the introduction of these technologies, there are factors of staff unpreparedness, as well as the availability of expensive special equipment. Most scientists in the field of agronomy, especially abroad, when new No-till and Strip-till technologies appeared, called them revolutionary in crop production, since along with economic indicators, these technologies preserve the fertile potential of the soil. This is achieved due to less soil damage due to the minimum number of technological operations, as well as the mandatory coverage of the field with plant residues after harvesting. Strip-till technology is most suitable for our area. The essence of this technology lies in the fact that soil cultivation is carried out selectively, with a strip width of 25-30 cm, and between them there remains untreated strips of 30 cm also, covered with the remains of the crop that was previously harvested. Given the relevance of the topic, this article provides specific material for the study of a tillage machine with active working bodies in the form of mills. The development is based on the well-known agricultural machine, milling cultivator KF-3.6. The essence of the modernization lies in the fact that the milling heads are placed for processing strips, in front of which there are plane-cutting legs, and behind them are special disks for forming the strip. The main disadvantage of the existing machine is the presence of a bulky drive, which consists of three gearboxes, cardan gears. In this paper, we consider the option of replacing the drive with a more modern and reliable hydraulic drive.

The effect of rate of wetting on water uptake and cohesion of soil crumbs

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Emerson ◽  
G. M. F. Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cohesive Force ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Short Columns ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
Dry Soil

Short columns of air-dry soil crumbs were wetted at different rates and, after draining to a standard suction, the amount of water taken up by each column determined. It was found that this in the other under continuous grass. The extrapolated value of the cohesion of the grassland crumbs at zero rate of wetting was twice that of the arable, indicating an additional cohesive force in the grassland crumbs. The cohesion of the arable soil fell much more rapidly with increased rate of wetting than that of the grassland, probably because the roots in the grassland crumbs provide easy escape passages for the air.The increase, with rate of wetting, of the amount of water held by a soil sample against a given suction is important, at least up to 200 cm. of water. This dependence of the pF curve on rate of wetting is of particular significance for laboratory studies of water movement in soils.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OPERATING MODES OF A FORESTRY STRIP PLAYER WITH A HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF CUTTING DISC WORKING BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Sergey Zimarin ◽  
Maksim Gnusov ◽  
Viktor Popikov ◽  
Nikita Sherstyukov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Working Bodies

The article is devoted to laboratory studies of the soil aggregates. To date, remain relevant tasks for preparing for a fire-hazardous season and conducting fire fighting events. Creation, replacing mineralized bands One of the methods for conducting preventive work on the preservation of a forest massif on the development of large forest fires. Foresting the forest soil from the burning elements to the open layer of the soil, namely the creation of mineralized bands is mainly in front of the fire-hazardous season, during which strips and breaks are replaced. For laboratory research, an experimental installation was developed and manufactured. According to the study method, we defined the factors that changed the angle (α) and angle (β) for a spherical disk with semicircular cuts during the experiment. During the experiments, to verify the normality of the distribution of the characteristics responsible for the energy readings of the unit, a series of 30 experiments was performed using 30 experiments when setting the angles of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts α = 100, β = 100. Detailing the hypothesis about the normality of the distribution of the response function by the Criterion X2 -Pirson was carried out. According to the criterion of Kohrene, the homogeneity of the dispersions of the experiments was carried out. Based on the obtained experimental data, the dependences of the rotation of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts from the angle of attack and tilt, the dependence of the power from the angle of attack were constructed.

scholarly journals Results of comparative studies of the quality indicators of the working bodies of the seed-onion planting machine

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Alexey Semenovich Dorokhov ◽  
Alexey Viktorovich Sibirev ◽  
Alexander Gennadievich Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Translational Speed ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Center Distance ◽  
Made In

The article presents the design of the disc-seeding organ and the opener of the machine for planting onion sets. They are described the methodology and the results of comparative studies to determine the quality indicators of the work of the closing working bodies of the machine for planting onion sets. The results of the comparative laboratory studies of the embedding working bodies of the machine for planting onion sets showed that the disc embedding bodies provide higher performance indicators than the opener with installed embedding elements made in the form of a hiller in the investigated range of values of the translational speed of movement and the center distance between the embedding elements of sealing organs by 1,7% on average.

scholarly journals The results of laboratory studies of power set-tings of soil-cultivating working bodies

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Донцов ◽  
Igor Dontsov ◽  
Лысыч ◽  
Mikhail Lysych ◽  
Шабанов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Working Bodies

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mahon ◽  
Patrick W. Keating ◽  
John T. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

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