Brain and Behaviour: Quantitative Analysis among Youth Men using Mobile EEG System

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Murad Sultanov ◽  
◽  
Ulduz Hashimova ◽  
Khadidja Ismailova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Eeg Rhythms ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Theta Wave ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
Individual Type ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

The present article explores the relationship between the EEG rhythms' oscillations and the personality traits in a group of young males (soccer players and sport students). EEG was recorded by a single-channel wireless EEG system in the prefrontal cortex. Personality traits were identified in accordance with Eysenck's personality questionnaire. The regression model was used to analyse the EEG rhythms as possible predictors for Eysenck's personality traits. The findings of the study highlighted two slow rhythms that can be considered as predictors for personality traits, specifically: delta wave – for extraversion with negative slope, which could be related to mood, and theta wave – for neuroticism with negative slope, which could be related to inhibition. Those EEG patterns could condition preference for certain behavioural strategies in accordance with type of temperament. In addition, for two EEG high-frequency rhythms, association was revealed with personality traits: for beta rhythm as a hypothetical predictor for neuroticism, and for gamma rhythm – for lie. The statistically significant relationship between the slow bands with neuroticism and extraversion indicate to influences of the emotion-generating and reticular brain structures. In conclusion, the prefrontal cortex's background EEG activity can reflect preference of certain behavioural strategies, which are formed in accordance with individual type of temperament. This implies that study further examined probability association between the higher frequency bands (beta and gamma) and personality traits, which would be achieved in future researches. In addition, the data derived from a single-channel wireless system equipment demonstrated results, which is close to EEG recorded by conventional lab-based equipment.

scholarly journals Lack of negative slope in I-V plots for BK channels at positive potentials in the absence of intracellular blockers

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Geng ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Karl L. Magleby
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Single Channel Conductance ◽  
Linear Current ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Α Subunits

Large-conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels display near linear current–voltage (I-V) plots for voltages between −100 and +100 mV, with an increasing sublinearity for more positive potentials. As is the case for many types of channels, BK channels are blocked at positive potentials by intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+. This fast block progressively reduces single-channel conductance with increasing voltage, giving rise to a negative slope in the I-V plots beyond about +120 mV, depending on the concentration of the blockers. In contrast to these observations of pronounced differences in the magnitudes and shapes of I-V plots in the absence and presence of intracellular blockers, Schroeder and Hansen (2007. J. Gen. Physiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709802) have reported identical I-V plots in the absence and presence of blockers for BK channels, with both plots having reduced conductance and negative slopes, as expected for blockers. Schroeder and Hansen included both Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the intracellular solution rather than a single blocker, and they also studied BK channels expressed from α plus β1 subunits, whereas most previous studies used only α subunits. Although it seems unlikely that these experimental differences would account for the differences in findings between previous studies and those of Schroeder and Hansen, we repeated the experiments using BK channels comprised of α plus β1 subunits with joint application of 2.5 mM Ca2+ plus 2.5 mM Mg2+, as Schroeder and Hansen did. In contrast to the findings of Schroeder and Hansen of identical I-V plots, we found marked differences in the single-channel I-V plots in the absence and presence of blockers. Consistent with previous studies, we found near linear I-V plots in the absence of blockers and greatly reduced currents and negative slopes in the presence of blockers. Hence, studies of conductance mechanisms for BK channels should exclude intracellular Ca2+/Mg2+, as they can reduce conductance and induce negative slopes.

A rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ channel in rabbit sinoatrial node cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ito ◽  
K. Ono
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sinoatrial Node ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Ensemble Average ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Delayed Rectifier ◽  
Channel Current ◽  
Single Channel Current ◽  
Sinoatrial Node Cells ◽  
Rabbit Sinoatrial Node

The single-channel current of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) was recorded in rabbit sinoatrial node cells. In the cell-attached patch, depolarization from -70 mV to potentials more positive than -50 mV activated the IK channel while repolarization deactivated it. The single-channel conductance was 7.8 pS for the outward current and 10.8 pS for the inward current (n = 6). The steady-state open probability (NPo) was maximum at around -30 mV and markedly decreased at more positive potentials. On repolarization from positive potentials, the channel was initially closed and then rapidly opened. The ensemble average showed an initial rise to a peak followed by the deactivation time course. Because the channel events were completely blocked by E-4031, the drug-sensitive component was examined in the whole cell current. The steady-state current-voltage relation of the drug-sensitive current showed a marked negative slope at potentials more positive than -10 mV. Upon repolarization, the drug-sensitive current initially increased (removal of inactivation) to the peak of the outward tail current, which was in agreement with the ensemble average of the single-channel current. We conclude that IK in the sinoatrial node cells is largely composed of the rapidly activating IK (IK,r) channels and that the inward rectification of IK,r, which is more marked than had been assumed in previous studies, is due to the decrease in NPo.

A Study on the Sleep Forehead EEG

2013 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Yi Yeh Lee ◽  
Aaron Raymond See ◽  
Shih Chung Chen ◽  
Chih Kuo Liang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Theta Wave ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

The purpose of this study was to utilize prefrontal EEG to discuss the theta EEG on the sleep quality of good and poor sleepers. Prefrontal EEG was chosen as it was positively correlated with reduced performance on neuropsychological tasks during total sleep deprivation. Hence, two test groups of ten volunteers were taken as test groups of good and poor sleepers. In addition, six tasks were performed using single channel forehead EEG. Results showed that audio stimulation provided the largest difference in theta amplitude between good and poor sleepers. Second, a large difference in the theta amplitude could be observed before and after the audio stimulation for poor sleepers. Third, it was also proven that prefrontal EEG could be conveniently applied for studying poor sleep qualities as it exhibited significant changes in the subject’s prefrontal EEG after biofeedback stimulation. In conclusion, the current research was able to provide significant differences between good and poor sleepers using prefrontal EEG through measuring and analyzing EEG theta wave.

scholarly journals PHASE INTERACTION BETWEEN EEG RHYTHMS IN THE STUDY OF PROCESSES OF TIME PERCEPTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Bushov ◽  
M. V. Svetlik
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Bispectral Analysis ◽  
Eeg Rhythms ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Occipital Lobes

The present study pursued to investigate the role of phase interactions between EEG rhythms in the process of the perception of time. The purpose of the study was to analyse the dependence of these interactions on the type and stage of the activity being performed, as well as on the individual characteristics of a human. For this purpose, 27 boys and 29 girls, all university students, were asked to reproduce and measure short intervals of time (200 and 800 ms), during which their EEG was recorded in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, according to the system 10–20%. While studying phase interactions between EEG rhythms, we used wavelet bispectral analysis and calculated the bicoherence function. As it follows from the conducted research, most often close phase interactions are observed between the gamma-rhythm and other rhythms of EEG or between different frequencies of the gamma-rhythm. It was established that the phase interactions under study were influenced by the factors of “sex”, “activity type”, and “activity stage”. The study showed correlations of phase interactions with the levels of intellect, extraversion, neuroticism, with the particularities of the lateral organisation of brain, and the accuracy of time perception.

Modern vision of relationship between theta rhythm and the processes of attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Karatygin ◽  
I.I. Korobeinikova ◽  
N.V. Karatygina ◽  
Ya.A. Venerina
Keyword(s):  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Attention Systems

At present time conceptions of complex neurophysiological mechanisms underlying processes of attention are actively developing. In last few years, several researches revealed rhythmic character of processes of attention. Especially theta-rhythm is considered to be significant in organization of rhythmic interactions between brain zones, which take part in providing attention systems work. The aim of the work – to analyze and summarize modern date about role of theta-rhythm in providing basic processes of attention. The report presents modern data about role of theta-rhythm in processes of attention. Specific features of attention systems are discussed. Thrifold model of attention, developed by Steven E. Petersen and Michael I. Posner is reviewed in detail. Moreover, evidences of rhythmic character of processes of attention are summarized and leading part of theta-activity in providing these processes is demonstrated. We also discuss the investigations by Randolph F. Helfrich and Ian C. Fiebelkorn et al. which stated that the quantization of processes of attention with theta-frequency as a general principle of brain structures activity. Dependence of frequency characteristics of cortex zones of human brain from number of objects of attention is discussed. There is also an analysis of theta-band’s ability to modulate biopotentials of higher frequency. Special attention is paid to the researches focused on theta-gamma coupling. The influence of theta-rhythm phase on gamma-rhythm amplitude in phase-amplitude coupling of theta- and gamma-band is analyzed. Theta-rhythm is considered to be one of the rhythmic components that regulate complex mental functions such as attention, memory and consciousness. Obviously, there is a lack of an exact understanding of the role for every band in mental functions regulation; therefore, more investigations in this field are required. However, several data about the role of theta-band in mental functions was collected. A complex of systems with different physiological and neurochemical basis provides attention. It was demonstrated that attention - is a rhythmical process in which theta-band is a crucial part. Theta-rhythm provides synchronization and joint activity of distant brain structures. Moreover, theta-rhythm modulates high-frequent bands. Theta- gamma-band coupling is supposed to be important for attention. Such cooperation is considered to be an evidence of cortical and subcortical zones and provides coordination of analyzing systems of different level. It is suggested that different phases of theta-band may provide retention/switching of attention or determine information flow. As a summary of review of literary sources, there is a conclusion about high significance of this frequency range in different attention systems functioning.

scholarly journals Perceived threat to paternity reduces likelihood of paternal provisioning in house wrens

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1336-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael A DiSciullo ◽  
Charles F Thompson ◽  
Scott K Sakaluk
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Young Males ◽  
House Wrens ◽  
Feeding Effort ◽  
Male House

Abstract Biparental care is a critical and, occasionally, unequally shared obligation that ensures that young survive to maturity. Such care may be complicated in systems in which one parent, typically the male, is unsure of his genetic relatedness to the young. Males may reduce paternal provisioning when full paternity is not assured, as occurs in mating systems in which females engage in extrapair copulations. Moreover, other factors independent of extrapair matings, such as male personality traits, likely also affect the level of paternal care. In this study, we determined the effect of a paternity threat event (i.e., a conspecific or a heterospecific territory intrusion) and male personality (i.e., the level of aggressiveness) on provisioning effort by male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon). Males were more likely to attack a conspecific intruder than a heterospecific intruder. Males that were exposed to a conspecific intruder were less likely to provision young at all. Of those males that did feed the young in their nest, male aggressiveness did not relate to feeding effort. These findings suggest that the likelihood of paternal care is reduced by perceived threats to paternity but that the costs of not feeding potentially multisired young are high and feeding efforts are unrelated to male personality.

Permeation and block of dopamine-modulated potassium channels on rat striatal neurons by cesium and barium ions

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1413-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Lin ◽  
G. J. Greif ◽  
J. E. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Apparent Dissociation Constant ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Single Channel Currents ◽  
Inwardly Rectifying

1. In cell-attached patch-clamp recordings from freshly dissociated rat caudate-putamen neurons, an 85-pS inwardly rectifying K+ channel, which was previously found to be modulated by D2-like dopamine receptors, was blocked by externally applied BaCl2 or CsCl. 2. At concentrations between 100 and 500 microM, Ba2+ blockade was voltage dependent, with a greater block at hyperpolarized voltages, in a manner consistent with blockade of the channel pore. Single-channel currents were flickery, with intervening periods of more complete blockade, and block appeared to be time dependent, with an estimated electrical distance of 0.24 and an apparent dissociation constant of 205 microM at 0 mV. 3. At concentrations between 1 and 3 mM, Cs+ blockade was similarly voltage dependent, but without periods of longer blockade, with an electrical distance of 0.81 and an apparent dissociation constant of 625 microM at 0 mV. Cs+ could also permeate this channel at voltages near the K+ reversal potential. The current-voltage relationship displayed an anomalous negative slope conductance, in a manner inconsistent with a single-ion pore. 4. Smaller-conductance, dopamine-insensitive channels were blocked more potently by both Ba2+ and Cs+ than was the 85-pS channel, reflecting differences between inwardly rectifying K+ channels mediating resting conductance and those mediating dopamine receptor responses in striatal neurons.

scholarly journals Biological correlates of psychopathy: a brief review

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Debowska ◽  
Daniel Boduszek ◽  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Simon Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present and provide a critical review of most recent studies inquiring into brain abnormalities in psychopathy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors provide an overview of the findings of neurobiological studies conducted in the last five years. Publications chosen for review were found using Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus search engines. Findings – Data in the literature reveal that psychopathy is associated with brain abnormalities in frontal and temporo-limbic regions, i.e. regions responsible for moral decision making, emotional processing and learning. Additionally, interactions between the brain areas have been identified as crucial for the development of psychopathic personality traits. Research findings suggest that the flow of impulses between the frontal cortex and temporo-limbic structures in psychopaths is significantly hindered. Originality/value – The current paper provides an in-depth review of most recent neurobiological studies inquiring into brain abnormalities associated with psychopathic personality traits. Moreover, a particular attention has been paid to identifying abnormalities in brain structures not previously studied in relation to psychopathy (e.g. mirror neuron system, white matter connections).

scholarly journals Fast and slow gating are inherent properties of the pore module of the K+ channel Kcv

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Abenavoli ◽  
Mattia Lorenzo DiFrancesco ◽  
Indra Schroeder ◽  
Svetlana Epimashko ◽  
Sabrina Gazzarrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Channel Current ◽  
Voltage Curve ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Current Voltage Curve ◽  
Fast Gating ◽  
Basic Features

Kcv from the chlorella virus PBCV-1 is a viral protein that forms a tetrameric, functional K+ channel in heterologous systems. Kcv can serve as a model system to study and manipulate basic properties of the K+ channel pore because its minimalistic structure (94 amino acids) produces basic features of ion channels, such as selectivity, gating, and sensitivity to blockers. We present a characterization of Kcv properties at the single-channel level. In symmetric 100 mM K+, single-channel conductance is 114 ± 11 pS. Two different voltage-dependent mechanisms are responsible for the gating of Kcv. “Fast” gating, analyzed by β distributions, is responsible for the negative slope conductance in the single-channel current–voltage curve at extreme potentials, like in MaxiK potassium channels, and can be explained by depletion-aggravated instability of the filter region. The presence of a “slow” gating is revealed by the very low (in the order of 1–4%) mean open probability that is voltage dependent and underlies the time-dependent component of the macroscopic current.

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