scholarly journals Thirukkural and Manu Dharma Shastra

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
N Murugesapandian
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
The Social

In Tamil Nadu, during the Sangam era, Vedic religion and other religions, namely, Jainism and Buddhism, were ideologically introduced. During that period, the social environment of the ethnic group was disintegrating, and the political spread of the Muventhar with the marginal kings was dominant. The land, symbolized by the Tamil language, is expanding and relating to politics. Rules and punishments created in the name of ethics were emphasized in the context of producing bodies that were pro-power. In the ethical texts, Thirukkural and Manu Dharma Shastra are important.The idea that lies in the aftermath of the Thirukkural rules that are celebrated as ethics is to be found. At the same time, the practice of Manu dharma, up and downs in the name of the birth, the inequality of the woman on the basis of gender. In Vedic religion the politics that have kept Bhramins at the top of the social stratum remain early to the present day. As far as Thiruvalluvar is concerned with the development of human beings, Manu has given rise to the social dominance of Varunasirama on the basis of birth. The essence of the article is the attempt to contain the political power that operates in the back of two different ethical literatures.

scholarly journals A pedagogia política de Rousseau

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (222) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neiva Oliveira ◽  
Gomercindo Ghiggi ◽  
Avelino da Rosa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
General Will ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

O trabalho tem dois eixos articulados entre si: primeiro, apresenta Emílio e Do Contrato Social como obras pedagógicas de Rousseau; em seguida, mostra a utilização que o autor faz dos conceitos experiência, liberdade e vontade geral, enquanto categorias que dão sustentação a esta pedagogia política. Na primeira linha de reflexão, afirma-se que o próprio fato do Contrato Social estar contido no Emílio indica a vontade instrutora do autor de ensinar as regras básicas para que o cidadão insira-se na sociedade. O Contrato Social visa instruir: Rousseau instrui-se através dele, instrui também Emílio e todo cidadão. A questão pedagógica por excelência é a explicitação da natureza do poder político. No segundo eixo temático, afirma-se que há em Rousseau uma intencionalidade educativa onde a relação entre liberdade e autoridade é uma das tensões que ocorre. Da concepção de natureza humana exposta em sua exterioridade, Rousseau extrai o critério de construção do essencial no humano, o que tem valor permanente e substantivo, que é necessário. Nesta perspectiva de formação e educação há um elemento que se destaca, sem o qual o homem perde a dimensão que o distingue: a liberdade, não ilimitada, mas regulada pela necessidade, pela autoridade da vontade geral. Palavras-chave: Rousseau; pedagogia política; liberdade; necessidade; vontade geral Abstract The paper encompasses two paths of argumentation. First, it brings forward both Rousseau’s Emile and The Social Contract as educational works; next, it shows the way the author makes use of concepts such as experience, freedom and general will as categories that provide support to his political pedagogy. In the first argumentative path, it is stated that the very fact that The Social Contract is contained inside Emile indicates the author’s will of teaching the basic rules for a citizen to join society. The Social Contract aims at instructing: through it, Rousseau instructs himself, as well as he instructs Emile, and every citizen. The pedagogical question by excellence is the explanation of the political power. In the second argumentative path, it is stated that there is in Rousseau an educational intentionality in which takes place a tension between freedom and authority. Rousseau brings out from the concept of human nature the criterion for the construction of what is essential in human beings, of what has lasting and substantial worth, of what is necessary. In such a perspective of formation and education, it is freedom that is uplifted, and without it, man loses what makes him different from other beings. But it is not unlimited freedom that distinguishes man; instead, it is freedom ruled by necessity, in other words, by the authority of general will. Keywords: Rousseau; political pedagogy; freedom; necessity; general will

Towards a New International Technological Order

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Galtung
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
To Come ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Mode Of Production

The main thesis of the paper is that technology is not merely a mode of production and therefore neutral; it carries within it a code of structures - economic, social, cultural, and also cognitive. The economic code that inheres in Western Technology demands that industries be capital-intensive, research-intensive, organization-intensive and labour-extensive. On the social plane, the code creates a ‘centre’ and a ‘periphery’, thus perpetuating a structure of inequality. In the cultural arena, it sees the West as entrusted by destiny with the mission of casting the rest of the world in its own mould. In the cognitive field, it sees man as the master of nature, the vertical and individualistic relations between human beings as the normal and natural, and history as a linear movement of progress. The transfer of Western technology is thus a structural-cultural invasion, which is not clearly seen as such parly because it is not accompanied by the West's physical presence (as in the days of colonialism), and partly because the fragmentation inherent in Western technology fragments the perception of the total picture. For techniques that create different structures to come into their own, a very clear perception of the interlocking of technology and structures is needed. Also needed is the political will to use alternative technologies as an instrument to bring about a structural change.

History in Art

Antiquity ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Flinders Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
History Of

When we look at the great diversity of man’s activities and interests, it is evident how much space they afford for reviewing his history in many different ways. To most of our historians the view of the political power and course of legislation has seemed all that need be noticed; others have dealt with history in religion, or the growth of mind in changes of moral standards, as in Lecky’s fine work. In recent years the history of knowledge in medicine, in the applied sciences, and in abstract mathematics, has been profitably studied, as affording the basis of civilization. The purely mental view is shown in the social life and customs of each age, and expressed in the growth of Art. This last expression of man’s spirit has great advantages in its presentation; the material from different ages is of a comparable nature, and it is easily placed together to contrast its differences. Moreover it covers a wider range of time than we can et observe in man’s scope, but it is as essential to his nature as any of the other aspects that we have named.

Different political impacts on making of Western-style art and on art education in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet Keser ◽  
İnan Keser
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Art World ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Education In Turkey ◽  
Short Time

It was not possible to mention a Western-style art education and an artistic production of current quantity and style two centuries ago in Turkey. In other words, existing style of art and art education in Turkey has a quite short history. Thus, it is logical to confer that a quick and radical period of change in Turkish art world was experienced within a pretty short time. In this study, putting forth the emergence and development of Western style painting and the education of painting in Turkey with its main lines, it was tried to analyze that how did the process of change affected the actors in the field of art. As a result of this analysis, it was concluded that as the artistic change in the field of painting in Ottoman Empire and in the following Turkish Republic did not arise out of internal dynamics of artistic production field, but from the Westernization desire of the political power, nearly everything about art was in the monopoly of the political power about art for a quiet long time, and there had been no other social stratum supporting and demanding art, the artists had established clientelist relationships with the political power especially till the 1940s and formed a language of painting parallel to the demands of the political power.Keywords: Sociology of art, Turkish art history,art education, artistic change, Westernisation.

scholarly journals The Notion of δῆμος and its Role in Byzantium during the Last Centuries (13th-15th c.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anastasia KONTOGIANNOPOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Lives Of Saints ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Byzantine Period

The notion of “demos/demes” (people/circus factions) has been a favorite subject in the modern research and various opinions have been formulated with regard to their organisation and the role they played in the political developments. In the modern bibliography referred to the period under examination (13th-15th c.) the term “demos” denotes generally the lower strata of the urban population. However, through the systematic study of that period’s sources thinner nuances can be detected in the meaning of the term “demos”, which apart from the lower social stratum, it also seems to include members of the the middle social class and to denote a larger group that contains the two social categories mentioned above. This study intends to examine the concept of “demos” and similar expressions, the social composition of this body and its role in the political life of the era. The research is based primarily on narrative sources of the late byzantine period (13th-15th c.). The fragmentary material extracted from these sources is complemented by information come from the monastery archives, the lives of saints, the correspondence and other literary sources of the era.

scholarly journals Theological foundations of the political power ontology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Mikhail Dmitrievich Schelkunov ◽  
Olga Olegovna Volchkova ◽  
Anton Sergeevich Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
Points Of View

The article is devoted to the study of the normative and theological foundations of political power origin and belongs to the field of political theology research. Despite the narrow field of research, the work is devoted to the study of a separate aspect of social life as a whole. The study of the theological foundations of political power was carried out within the framework of the neoinstitutional methodological paradigm, taking into account the data of hermeneutic analysis, which is an applied aspect of the work. Political power is considered by the authors in the framework of a broader aspect - the ontology of the social, as part of the fundamental layer of being. The authors, within the framework of the theological paradigm, considered the main ontological concepts of the political, analyzed the correlation of key political concepts - "power", "authority", and "sovereign". Various positions on understanding the essence of political power, as well as on the origin of this phenomenon in the historical and theological key are considered, the points of view of both domestic and foreign experts are studied.

scholarly journals Revisiting nuclear policies under Modi regime: Leadership analysis and repercussions for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Hayat ◽  
Aleena Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leadership Analysis ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bharatiya Janata Party ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Political Realm

Modi’s leadership and governance pattern is a matter of consideration as concerned directly with styles of functioning of his adopted policies, which reflects his undertakings both in the social and political realm. This paper seeks to offer an alternative perspective in the domain of the rising threat of Hinduism, while the consolidation of the political power in India has been raising serious implications for Pakistan, in particular. It highlights the impact of all such harsh realist nuclear policies that may cause more complexities and further deteriorate the region's stability. This study deployed descriptive, analytical, and explanatory research techniques but to great extent, a major part consists of the descriptive study, which will be used when it comes to genesis and existing various scenarios. Findings also substantiate India’s intentions and the propaganda waged and all steps keenly targeting Pakistan. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) seems to be adopting new realist approaches deeply rooted with that of Kautilya’s. Therefore, the paper concludes that the rise of Hindu nationalists gets the support of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)-based concept demanding soft measures to lessen the worrisome environment causing by the Modi regime.

scholarly journals Factors Behind the Popularity of Protest Messages on Twitter: The Case of Venezuela Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Petrov ◽  
Denis Stukal ◽  
Andrey Ahremenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Support ◽  
Efficacy Belief ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Project Participants

Based on the material of the political crisis in Venezuela in 2019, the paper studies factors behind the popularity of protest messages (tweets) on Twitter. Methodologically, the study develops the notion of SIMCA (Social Identity Model for Collective Action). The theory suggests that factors in the social environment may mobilize a person through such psychological antecedents as anger, belief in ability to achieve the desired goals (efficacy belief) and protest identification. The project participants created a database including over 5.7 million tweets, based on which three sets of the most popular messages (tweets) have been selected. The three sets were named according to psychological antecedents: a) anger, b) belief in success (including international support), and c) protest identification. The analysis of the tweets demonstrates that the belief in the success of the protest campaign has the greatest mobilizing force.

scholarly journals Exploring Self-existence through RajutKejut Craftivism: A case study in Penjaringan Forest, Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Sari Wulandari ◽  
Guntur Guntur ◽  
Martinus Dwi Marianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Art Activism ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Community

RajutKejut is a knitting community in Jakarta, Indonesia, that has been doing yarnbombing activities since 2014. In 2019, Jakarta Arts Council invited RajutKejut to collaborate with Kampung Air Baja residents in Penjaringan, North Jakarta, in a program called Young Curator Class: Titik Temu Gembira. The program combines forces between RajutKejut and urban village residents to explore life from a different perspective, specifically through art activism. This program’s spirit helps residents have joyful independent lives with dignity through art that encourages life’s passion. The RajutKejut Community shares its knowledge with residents on making necklaces from threads for their dance costumes. This research discusses how RajutKejut brings forward the passion of life through art activism. This research uses Alyce McGovern’s Craftivism method, which dissects craftivism in personal, community, and political aspects. It shows the relation of art to the residents, how art can influence and raise an individual’s potential. The community aspect shows the relation of art and the residents and how art can restore the spirit of togetherness and cooperation. On the political aspect, the art facilitates statements of empowerment from the residents. Through RajutKejut craftivism, the residents have the social capital to help them catch their breath for a while, stop their routines for a moment, and allow them to feel their existence as human beings who have expressions and feelings. Eksplorasi Eksistensi Diri melalui Kraftivisme RajutKejut: Studi Kasus di Hutan Penjaringan, Jakarta ABSTRAK RajutKejut adalah komunitas merajut di Jakarta, Indonesia yang telah melakukan kegiatan ‘bom-benang’ sejak tahun 2014. Pada tahun 2019, Dewan Kesenian Jakarta mengundang RajutKejut untuk berkolaborasi dengan warga Kampung Air Baja di Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara, dalam program Kelas Kurator Muda: Titik Temu Gembira. Program tersebut menggabungkan potensi komunitas RajutKejut dan warga kampung kota untuk mengeksplorasi kehidupan melalui perspektif yang berbeda, khususnya lewat aktivisme seni. Semangat program ini adalah membantu warga untuk memiliki kehidupan mandiri yang menyenangkan dan bermartabat, melalui seni yang mendorong gairah hidup. Komunitas RajutKejut berbagi pengetahuan kepada warga kampung kota, cara membuat kalung dari benang untuk kostum tari mereka. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana RajutKejut mendorong gairah hidup melalui aktivisme seni. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Craftivism Alyce McGovern, yang membedah craftivism dalam aspek personal, komunitas, dan politik. Penelitian menunjukkan relasi seni dengan warga kampung, bagaimana seni dapat mempengaruhi dan meningkatkan potensi individu. Dalam aspek komunitas, menunjukkan bagaimana seni berelasi dengan masyarakat dapat mengembalikan semangat kebersamaan dan kerjasama. Pada aspek politik, kesenian memfasilitasi pernyataan pemberdayaan dari warga kampung. Melalui kraftivisme RajutKejut, warga kampung memiliki modal sosial untuk membantu mereka mengatur napas sejenak, menghentikan rutinitas sejenak, dan memberi mereka kesempatan untuk merasakan keberadaannya sebagai manusia yang memiliki ekspresi dan perasaan.

scholarly journals Memaknai Upacara Kematian dalam Bingkai Lokalitas Budaya Indonesia: Studi Kasus Tiga Cerpen Pilihan Kompas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Awla akbar Ilma ◽  
Puri Bakthawar
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Death Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Plural Society

Indonesian is a multicultural plural society. Therefore, almost every ethnic group in Indonesia has varied tradition and culture, especially in responding to the phenomenon of obsequies through unique ceremonies and symbols. The research aims to examine how people in several ethnic groups responded to the death event through traditional ceremonies represented by literary works, especially short stories in the 2014-2017 Kompas Selections. Samples to be used in this study are the short story "In the Body of the Tarra, in the Womb of the Tree" by Faisal Oddang in 2014, the short story "Linuwih Aroma Jarik Baru" by Anggun Prameswari in 2015, and the short story "Kasur Tanah" by Muna Masyari in 2017. Results research shows that the three short stories elevate and interpret the tradition of obsequies in Javanese, Madura, and Toraja cultures. In Javanese society, kawung batik is a symbol of man's separation from the natural world. In Madurese society, Sortana is a "gift" of human separation from the social environment. In Toraja society, the tradition of passiliran becomes a symbol of the reuniting of humans with nature as the original.

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