Truly Minimal Pronouns

Revista Diadorim ◽

10.35520/diadorim.2017.v19n0a13512 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 11-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anders Holmberg ◽

On-Usa Phimsawat

Keyword(s):

Mandarin Chinese ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Brazilian Portuguese ◽

Generic Pronouns

Tis paper examines the properties of inclusive generic constructions, focusing on languages where the inclusive generic pronoun is a null category. We investigate empirical data from a set of languages with and without agreement to test Phimsawat's (2011) hypothesis that the inclusive generic pronoun lacks all phi-features, and therefore has the least restricted reading, due to there being no restriction on the reference. We show that this hypothesis cannot hold true universally, as phi-features trigger agreement in inï¬‚ecting languages. We show that there is a correlation between presence of agreement and restriction to human reference for null inclusive generic pronouns, based on comparison of a set of languages without agreement (Tai, Mandarin Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Sinhala) with a set of languages with agreement (Finnish, Brazilian Portuguese, Hebrew, Basque, and Tamil). An explanation in terms of feature architecture is proposed for this correlation. A prediction for generic PRO is discussed and shown to be inconclusive or false.

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A Tenseless Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Revisited: A Response to Sybesma 2007

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

10.1162/ling.2010.41.2.305 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 305-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jo-wang Lin

Keyword(s):

Mandarin Chinese ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Theoretical Considerations

Sybesma (2007) argues for the existence of a syntactic T node in Chinese on the basis of general theoretical considerations and parallel empirical data from Dutch and Chinese. This reply shows that a tenseless analysis of Chinese is an equally viable alternative or even a better one, given some empirical problems that the tensed analysis has to face. The tenseless analysis is backed up not only by its ability to explain the data in a more elegant way but also by syntactic facts that seem to be unrelated coincidences under a tensed analysis but are natural consequences under a tenseless alternative.

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Tipo: Innovation and change in Brazilian Portuguese

Diacrítica ◽

10.21814/diacritica.421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 196-215

Author(s):

Christiani P. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Noun Phrase ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Brazilian Portuguese ◽

Nominal Form ◽

Linguistic Innovation ◽

Innovation And Change

This paper provides an empirical account of the synchronic variation in the use of the noun TIPO (‘type’, ‘kind’)in the Brazilian Portuguese vernacular. Innovation in its use, first documented by Bittencourt (1999), suggests TIPO may be performing functions beyond those of a noun. To investigate innovation in its use, this study focuses on the speech of teenagers born and raised in Rio de Janeiro. Although this group has been shown to be in the forefront of linguistic innovation (D’Arcy, 2005; Tagliamonte, 2016), research on the speech of adolescents remains scant in Brazilian Portuguese. This paper[1]aims to fill this gap by presenting the results of two analyses of empirical data collected between 2015 and 2018 (the author and collaborator).[2]Results indicate that TIPO is not only salient in participants’ speech but also that non-nominal forms of TIPO are more frequently used by speakers (97.98%) when compared to its nominal form (2.02%). Findings suggest that uses of non-nominal TIPO are systematic and linguistically defined: TIPO is most often found in pre-clausal position or preceding a noun phrase. Findings also show that TIPO is performing functions beyond those of a noun, such as a preposition and an adverb.

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Language profiles, language attitudes and acquisition planning

Australian Review of Applied Linguistics Series S ◽

10.1075/aralss.8.05dji ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 77-88

Author(s):

Paulin G. Djité ◽

Belinda A. Munro

Keyword(s):

Mandarin Chinese ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Language Attitudes ◽

National Policy ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Modern Greek ◽

The Social ◽

Acquisition Planning ◽

Language Profiles ◽

Changing World

How can the social and psychological contexts of a language affect the policy to increase the number of people who speak it? It is crucial to investigate this question at a time when Australia’s ability to compete in a changing world has brought the study of LOTE to the forefront. As the implementation of the National Policy on Languages proceeds, it becomes increasingly evident that a deeper understanding of the nine or ten key languages, namely Mandarin Chinese, Indonesian/Malay, Japanese, French, German, Italian, Modern Greek, Arabic, Spanish and Russian (cf. Lo Bianco 1987 and Leal 1991:167-168), taught in our schools is required. This paper argues that a sociolinguistic profile of each of these languages and the attitudes towards them are some of the relevant and crucial empirical data which need to be integrated in the design of educational programs.

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An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm

SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice ◽

10.1024/0939-5911/a000563 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (5-6) ◽

pp. 295-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Debi A. LaPlante ◽

Heather M. Gray ◽

Pat M. Williams ◽

Sarah E. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Peer Review ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Expansion Method ◽

Responsible Gambling ◽

Review Literature ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Empirical Comparison ◽

Related Harm

Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambling expansion and subsequent gambling-related changes among the population. Results: Although gambling expansion is associated with changes in gambling and gambling-related problems, empirical studies suggest that these effects are mixed and the available literature is limited. For example, the peer review literature suggests that most post-expansion gambling outcomes (i. e., 22 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 64.7 %) indicate no observable change or a decrease in gambling outcomes, and a minority (i. e., 12 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 35.3 %) indicate an increase in gambling outcomes. Conclusions: Empirical data related to gambling expansion suggests that its effects are more complex than frequently considered; however, evidence-based intervention might help prepare jurisdictions to deal with potential consequences. Jurisdictions can develop and evaluate responsible gambling programs to try to mitigate the impacts of expanded gambling.

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Under- and Over-Estimation

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000064 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Virginie Crollen ◽

Julie Castronovo ◽

Xavier Seron

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Numerical Estimation ◽

Production Task ◽

Estimation Task ◽

Reproduction Task ◽

Perception Task ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Mapping Hypothesis ◽

Task Perception

Over the last 30 years, numerical estimation has been largely studied. Recently, Castronovo and Seron (2007) proposed the bi-directional mapping hypothesis in order to account for the finding that dependent on the type of estimation task (perception vs. production of numerosities), reverse patterns of performance are found (i.e., under- and over-estimation, respectively). Here, we further investigated this hypothesis by submitting adult participants to three types of numerical estimation task: (1) a perception task, in which participants had to estimate the numerosity of a non-symbolic collection; (2) a production task, in which participants had to approximately produce the numerosity of a symbolic numerical input; and (3) a reproduction task, in which participants had to reproduce the numerosity of a non-symbolic numerical input. Our results gave further support to the finding that different patterns of performance are found according to the type of estimation task: (1) under-estimation in the perception task; (2) over-estimation in the production task; and (3) accurate estimation in the reproduction task. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the more a participant under-estimated in the perception task, the more he/she over-estimated in the production task. We discussed these empirical data by showing how they can be accounted by the bi-directional mapping hypothesis ( Castronovo & Seron, 2007 ).

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