scholarly journals IFC AND CITYGML SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATION FOR 3D GIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jawaluddeen Sani ◽  
Ivin Amri Musliman ◽  
Alias Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Digital World ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Open Standard ◽  
Semantic Transformation

Building information modelling (BIM) and geographical information systems (GIS) domains immensely contribute to a digital representation of architectural and environmental bodies respectively. BIM is endorsed in order to enhance the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry process to save time, cost and speed up the project, and more so, to minimise the frequent requests of information by the stakeholders within the industry. On the other hand, the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been increasingly used to generate detailed 3D data, geolocation and spatial analysis. Both BIM and GIS provide 3D data for the development of 3D city models, digital twin, smart city, AEC etc. However, there are significant diverse between the two in terms of their characteristics, scope of interest and focus that makes it difficult to easily be achieved. The amalgamation of the two worlds provides a clear picture of a built environment based on data (geometry and semantics) integration, which reinforces the enhancement of the three-dimensional (3D) applications in general into the digital world. This paper presents a methodology that semantically integrates the two worlds through their standards that is the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) which is an open standard, selected because it is the typical free standard to exchange data in the BIM world and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) is the most leading 3D city model standard in 3D GIS. This is carried out by performing a semantic mapping between the two standards, converting the encoding that the two standards use from STEP in IFC(BIM) to XML in CityGML (3D GIS), by providing a basic implementation created using Python to combine the above tasks.

scholarly journals 3D GIS and ‘The Royaltie Of Sight’: Recreating ‘Prospects’ and ‘Perspectives’ within an English designed landscape c. 1550–1660

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Viewshed Analysis ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

AbstractExperience through sight has been recognized as a contributing factor in the shaping of historic landscapes, where humans could express themselves in response to their aesthetic and intellectual qualities. What was experienced, however, was not only dependent on the ‘prospect’, or landscape view, but also on the individual ‘perspective’ of the spectator. Three-dimensional Geographical Information Systems (3D GIS) has enabled investigations into landscape visibility within digitized historic environments and can therefore assist the analysis and understanding of this phenomenon. This article applies 3D GIS to a currently under-researched area of landscape history, English designed landscapes of the 16th and 17th centuries. From country houses and gardens to parks and working estates, these landscapes were manipulated in response to the landowners’ ‘perspectives’ towards the landscape, which subsequently determined the visibility or invisibility of features within certain ‘prospects’. This concept was dubbed ‘The Royaltie of Sight’ by Henry Wotton in 1624. By using 3D GIS to recreate a designed landscape that poses challenges which have previously hindered its analysis, the characteristics of ‘prospects’ can be ascertained using viewshed analysis and the individual ‘perspective’ of the landowner interpreted using phenomenology and reception theory. The results presented in this article demonstrate how 3D GIS has benefited studies into English designed landscapes and improved knowledge of how perception influenced landscape change.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING A 3D ROAD CADASTRAL SYSTEM: COMPARING LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND USER NEEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W1 ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gristina ◽  
C. Ellul ◽  
A. Scianna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Complete Life Cycle

Road transport has always played an important role in a country’s growth and, in order to manage road networks and ensure a high standard of road performance (e.g. durability, efficiency and safety), both public and private road inventories have been implemented using databases and Geographical Information Systems. They enable registering and managing significant amounts of different road information, but to date do not focus on 3D road information, data integration and interoperability. In an increasingly complex 3D urban environment, and in the age of smart cities, however, applications including intelligent transport systems, mobility and traffic management, road maintenance and safety require digital data infrastructures to manage road data: thus new inventories based on integrated 3D road models (queryable, updateable and shareable on line) are required. This paper outlines the first step towards the implementation of 3D GIS-based road inventories. Focusing on the case study of the “Road Cadastre” (the Italian road inventory as established by law), it investigates current limitations and required improvements, and also compares the required data structure imposed by cadastral legislation with real road users’ needs. The study aims to: a) determine whether 3D GIS would improve road cadastre (for better management of data through the complete life-cycle infrastructure projects); b) define a conceptual model for a 3D road cadastre for Italy (whose general principles may be extended also to other countries).

scholarly journals HBIM-GIS Integration: From IFC to CityGML Standard for Damaged Cultural Heritage in a Multiscale 3D GIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Colucci ◽  
Valeria De Ruvo ◽  
Andrea Lingua ◽  
Francesca Matrone ◽  
Gloria Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Gis Integration ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Gis Environment

This study describes the technical-systemic and conceptual-informative interoperability tests for the integration of a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) model in a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) environment aimed to provide complete and useful documentation for multiscale analyses on cultural heritage particularly exposed to risks. The case study of the San Lorenzo Church in Norcia (Italy) has been chosen given the urgent need to update the existing documentation for its protection and conservation issues, due to the extensive damage suffered after the series of earthquakes that occurred in central Italy starting from summer 2016. Different tests to evaluate two levels of conceptual interoperability (technical and semantic) when importing the HBIM model into a GIS environment were performed, whether with commercial software or with open source ones (ArcGIS Pro and QGIS, respectively). A data integration platform (Feature Manipulation Engine, FME) has been used for converting the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data format into the GML (Geography Markup Language) format, in order to obtain a unique and unified model and vocabulary for the 3D GIS project, structured with different levels of detail, according to CityGML standard. Finally, as HBIM-GIS integration is considered, the loss of geometric and informative data has been taken into account and evaluated.

scholarly journals Accurate and Efficient Calculation of Three-Dimensional Cost Distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Yaqian Chen ◽  
Jiangfeng She ◽  
Xingong Li ◽  
Shuhua Zhang ◽  
Junzhong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
Efficient Calculation ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
The Cost

Cost distance is one of the fundamental functions in geographical information systems (GISs). 3D cost distance function makes the analysis of movement in 3D frictions possible. In this paper, we propose an algorithm and efficient data structures to accurately calculate the cost distance in discrete 3D space. Specifically, Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to calculate the least cost between initial voxels and all the other voxels in 3D space. During the calculation, unnecessary bends along the travel path are constantly corrected to retain the accurate least cost. Our results show that the proposed algorithm can generate true Euclidean distance in homogeneous frictions and can provide more accurate least cost in heterogeneous frictions than that provided by several existing methods. Furthermore, the proposed data structures, i.e., a heap combined with a hash table, significantly improve the algorithm’s efficiency. The algorithm and data structures have been verified via several applications including planning the shortest drone delivery path in an urban environment, generating volumetric viewshed, and calculating the minimum hydraulic resistance.

scholarly journals Applying Standard Digital Map Data in Map-aided, Lane-level GNSS Location

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bétaille ◽  
François Peyret ◽  
Maxime Voyer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Geometrical Modelling ◽  
Median Error ◽  
Map Data

Urban positioning using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is challenging because of multipath. Urban canyons limit open sky visibility, and cause signal reflection and diffraction, resulting in significant satellite range measurement errors. The investigations reported here have been carried out in a French project calledInturb(an acronym derived from integrity and urban positioning). So far, the project has had two phases: first, a simple Three-Dimensional (3D) geometrical city modelling, called “Urban Trench”, has been developed and engineered manually from data sets collected in different cities. Positioning improvement in terms of accuracy was quantified where the model could be applied. Second, this modelling has been automated, based on the standard national BD Topo ® map database for France, with promising results. This geometrical modelling makes it possible to distinguish between line-of-sight satellite signals and those from non-line-of-sight. The latter, apparentlybona fide, signals are caused by strong reflections, usually from buildings with a lot of steel and glass in their construction. A correction of the pseudo-range measurements of the latter is also computed and applied in the position estimator. Positioning accuracy is improved, whilst availability is kept at its maximum. In the study both manual and automatic 3D models are used in extensive experimental campaigns. Results are: first, the possibility to cover entirely any urban area in the country; second, the reduction of the median error in 3D by more than 50% on data collected in Nantes, Paris and Toulouse for a total duration of nearly ten hours; third, the compliance with standards used in most embedded maps and geographical information systems, including an assessment of the trade-off between the model simplicity and the positioning improvement.

scholarly journals BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN WEBBIM ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danylo Shkundalov ◽  
Tatjana Vilutienė
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Micro Level

Geographical information systems (GIS) and Building information modelling (BIM) provide digital representation of building, its elements and environment. BIM focuses on micro-level representation of buildings and its elements, and GIS provide macro-level representation of the external elements of environment. Their combination can provide a comprehensive view of a built environment based on integrated data. There is an opportunity to make BIM and GIS unity not only to combine them in a single project but also to make a fully merged environment with difficult associations that extend the capabilities of both. Paper presents method that allows visualization and processing the BIM model in the web browser, external processing and analyzing, easy sharing and visualization, linking the 3D model and attribute information, working with the BIM model and GIS data, digital City mapping and etc. The developed method creates rich future for full BIM software products with all manner of functions and tools that will work through the Internet without installations, distributives, additional programs. The introduced technique can be used as a new part for BIM execution planning.

scholarly journals Cartographic Analysis of the Geomorphological Hazards of the Eastern Part of Sheikh Saad Sub-District by Using GIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Fadhil Ibrahim Al-Jubouri ◽  
Firas S Raheem ◽  
Prof Dr Osama K Abdulridah ◽  
Prof Dr Ali A Kazem
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Modern Technologies

Geographical information systems are the latest applied computer technologies that contribute to supporting contemporary geographical studies through the possibility of working on preparing a database of geographical phenomena and modeling them in a digital form by providing automated methods and a set of systems and programs for managing and processing data with spatial and non-spatial reference, which is one of the important functions in geographic information systems And the base on which it depends to reach the optimal decisions to reveal the spatial relationships and correlations between geographical phenomena and with high efficiency, to become the contemporary method in the method of processing and spatial analysis of geographical information instead of the old traditional methods of geographical analysis, and the system also allowed the geographical area to enter into the era of modern technologies to evaluate phenomena. Geographical forecasting. The research materials and methods are determined by adopting topographical and geological maps, land-sat satellite visuals, and DEM data to form the search database, and based on the GIS program (Arc Map 9.3) and the (Global Mepper 11) program and the extensions of the (Arc Map 9.3) program, which are (Spatial Analysis) And the three-dimensional analysis (3D analysis), and the outputs are the final process through which the results of the research emerge. These outputs show the type of information that will be processed and presented in the form of three-dimensional maps and shapes, studying the most important causes of geomorphological risks for the study area, and developing solutions and treatments through the conclusions and recommendations of the research.

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