Performance demonstration of cavity-free planar multi-stage bileg and unileg silicon-nanowire thermoelectric generators.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mehdee Hasan Mahfuz ◽  
Motohiro Tomita ◽  
Kazuaki Katayama ◽  
Tsubasa Kashizaki ◽  
Katsuki Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wireless Power Supply ◽  
Scale Integration

Abstract A Thermoelectric (TE) generator is expected to play an important role in the operation of tiny-watt capable wireless power supply devices by converting the waste heat energy into electrical energy. This work is the demonstration of planar cavity-free multi-stage n-type unileg- and bileg Si-nanowire (Si-NW) TE generators. The result shows that the output power of the multi-stage bileg-TE generator increases linearly with increasing the stage number, whereas the rate of increase of the multi-stage unileg-TE generator power output tends to decrease as the stage number increases. Although the power of the multi-stage bileg-TE generator fabricated in this work was smaller than that of the multi-stage unileg-TE generator due to the large internal resistance of p-type elements, however, the improved linearity of the bileg-TE generator than the unileg-TE generator indicates the potential advantage of the multi-stage bileg-TE generator for the large-scale integration.

scholarly journals Study of Hybrid PVA/MA/TEOS Pervaporation Membrane and Evaluation of Energy Requirement for Desalination by Pervaporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongli Xie ◽  
Derrick Ng ◽  
Manh Hoang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Stephen Gray
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Pervaporation Membrane ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Multiple Effect Distillation

Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m3 of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m3 of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery.

An innovative large scale integration of silicon nanowire-based field effect transistors

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Legallais ◽  
T.T.T. Nguyen ◽  
M. Mouis ◽  
B. Salem ◽  
E. Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration

scholarly journals Fully printed origami thermoelectric generators for energy-harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Georg Rösch ◽  
André Gall ◽  
Silas Aslan ◽  
Matthias Hecht ◽  
Leonard Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Thermal Impedance ◽  
Wireless Power Supply

AbstractEnergy-harvesting from low-temperature environmental heat via thermoelectric generators (TEG) is a versatile and maintenance-free solution for large-scale waste heat recovery and supplying renewable energy to a growing number of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) that require an independent wireless power supply. A prerequisite for market competitiveness, however, is the cost-effective and scalable manufacturing of these TEGs. Our approach is to print the devices using printable thermoelectric polymers and composite materials. We present a mass-producible potentially low-cost fully screen printed flexible origami TEG. Through a unique two-step folding technique, we produce a mechanically stable 3D cuboidal device from a 2D layout printed on a thin flexible substrate using thermoelectric inks based on PEDOT nanowires and a TiS2:Hexylamine-complex material. We realize a device architecture with a high thermocouple density of 190 per cm² by using the thin substrate as electrical insulation between the thermoelectric elements resulting in a high-power output of 47.8 µWcm−² from a 30 K temperature difference. The device properties are adjustable via the print layout, specifically, the thermal impedance of the TEGs can be tuned over several orders of magnitudes allowing thermal impedance matching to any given heat source. We demonstrate a wireless energy-harvesting application by powering an autonomous weather sensor comprising a Bluetooth module and a power management system.

The large-scale integration of high-performance silicon nanowire field effect transistors

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (41) ◽  
pp. 415202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiliang Li ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Dimitris E Ioannou ◽  
Hao D Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Végvári ◽  
Edina Vidéki
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

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