Decarboxylation efficiency of carboxylic acids as ligands of metal oxide nanocluster resists upon γ-ray irradiation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoe Otsuka ◽  
Yusa Muroya ◽  
Takuya Ikeda ◽  
Yoshitaka Komuro ◽  
Daisuke Kawana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Radical Addition ◽  
Euv Lithography ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Dissociative State

Abstract Metal oxide nanocluster resists have recently attracted considerable attention for use in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. To obtain sophisticated guidelines for material design, it is necessary to understand well the radiation-induced chemical reaction scheme including the insolubilization mechanism. In this study, the production of CO2, which is considered to be one of the end products of treatment with an ionizing radiation, was investigated for eight types of carboxylic acid under various conditions using -rays (60Co) as a radiation source. The amount of CO2 produced was measured by gas chromatography (GC). GCO2 (/100 eV), which indicates decarboxylation efficiency, was evaluated. CO2 was generated through electron addition, hole transfer, and hydroxyl radical addition to the molecular and ionic forms of carboxylic acids. The dependences of GCO2 on reaction partners were clarified. The dependences of GCO2 on the molecular structure and dissociative state of carboxylic acids were also clarified.

Radical addition to acrylonitrile via catalytic photochemical decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (32) ◽  
pp. 4324-4326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuharu Yoshimi ◽  
Sonoka Washida ◽  
Yoshiki Okita ◽  
Keisuke Nishikawa ◽  
Kousuke Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Radical Addition ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Melatonin attenuates radiation-induced cortical bone-derived stem cells injury and enhances bone repair in postradiation femoral defect model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jiawu Liang ◽  
Song Liao ◽  
Zhidong Zhao ◽  
Yuxing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Γ Ray

Abstract Background Ionizing radiation poses a challenge to the healing of bone defects. Radiation therapy and accidental exposure to gamma-ray (γ-ray) radiation inhibit bone formation and increase the risk of fractures. Cortical bone-derived stem cells (CBSCs) are essential for osteogenic lineages, bone maintenance, and repair. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on postradiation CBSCs and bone defects. Methods CBSCs were extracted from C57/BL6 mice and were identified by flow cytometry. The effects of exogenous melatonin on the self-renewal and osteogenic capacity of postradiation CBSCs were detected in vitro. The underlying mechanisms in terms of genomic stability, apoptosis and oxidative stress-related signaling were further analyzed by western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Finally, the effects of melatonin on healing in postradiation bone defects were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The radiation-induced reduced self-renewal and osteogenic capacity were partially reversed in postradiation CBSCs treated with melatonin. Melatonin maintained the genomic stability and apoptosis of postradiation CBSCs, and intracellular oxidative stress was decreased significantly while antioxidant-related enzymes were enhanced. Western blotting verified the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin by downregulating the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α via extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling, distinct from its antioxidant effect via NRF2 signaling. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the newly formed bone in the melatonin plus Matrigel group had higher trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) values, and lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α than those in the irradiation and the Matrigel groups. Conclusions This study suggested the potential of melatonin to protect CBSCs against γ-ray radiation and to assist the healing of postradiation bone defects.

Multiscale Simulation for Exploring Photo-Chemical Processes to Mitigate the Critical Dimension Variability of Contact Hole in EUV Lithography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungwoo Park ◽  
Hyungwoo Lee ◽  
Muyoung Kim ◽  
Taegyeom Kim ◽  
Byunghoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Multiscale Simulation ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography ◽  
Ultraviolet Lithography ◽  
Patterned Surface ◽  
Euv Lithography

In extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), non-uniformity of patterned surface roughness of contact holes results in pattern failures such as bridging- or missing holes, which affect production yield. In this study,...

scholarly journals γ-ray Radiation Induced Synthesis and Characterization of α-Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoparticles

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Wook Kim ◽  
Bob-Jin Kwon ◽  
Jeong-Hoon Park ◽  
Min-Goo Hur ◽  
Seung-Dae Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cobalt Hydroxide ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Γ Ray

scholarly journals Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopropanes from Carboxylic Acids by a Radical Addition–Polar Cyclization Cascade

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (47) ◽  
pp. 15430-15434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Shu ◽  
Riccardo S. Mega ◽  
Björn J. Andreassen ◽  
Adam Noble ◽  
Varinder K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Radical Addition

28nm pitch single exposure patterning readiness by metal oxide resist on 0.33NA EUV lithography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo De Simone ◽  
Luka Kljucar ◽  
Poulomi Das ◽  
Romuald Blanc ◽  
Christophe Beral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Euv Lithography

scholarly journals Tin, The Enabler—Hydrogen Diffusion into Ruthenium

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Onwudinanti ◽  
Ionuţ Tranca ◽  
Thomas Morgan ◽  
Shuxia Tao
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Euv Lithography ◽  
Hydrogen Interaction ◽  
Hydrogen Penetration ◽  
Hydride Molecule

Hydrogen interaction with ruthenium is of particular importance for the ruthenium-capped multilayer reflectors used in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Hydrogen causes blistering, which leads to a loss of reflectivity. This problem is aggravated by tin. This study aims to uncover the mechanism via which tin affects the hydrogen uptake, with a view to mitigation. We report here the results of a study of hydrogen interaction with the ruthenium surface in the presence of tin using Density Functional Theory and charge density analyses. Our calculations show a significant drop in the energy barrier to hydrogen penetration when a tin atom or a tin hydride molecule (SnHx) is adsorbed on the ruthenium surface; the barrier has been found to drop in all tested cases with tin, from 1.06 eV to as low as 0.28 eV in the case of stannane (SnH4). Analyses show that, due to charge transfer from the less electronegative tin to hydrogen and ruthenium, charge accumulates around the diffusing hydrogen atom and near the ruthenium surface atoms. The reduced atomic volume of hydrogen, together with the effect of electron–electron repulsion from the ruthenium surface charge, facilitates subsurface penetration. Understanding the nature of tin’s influence on hydrogen penetration will guide efforts to mitigate blistering damage of EUV optics. It also holds great interest for applications where hydrogen penetration is desirable, such as hydrogen storage.

Transition metal-free, visible-light-mediated construction of α,β-diamino esters via decarboxylative radical addition at room temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. 2245-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guibing Wu ◽  
Jingwen Wang ◽  
Chengyu Liu ◽  
Maolin Sun ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Radical Addition ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Radical Coupling

A metal-free photoredox catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of free-carboxylic acids and glyoxylic oximes was developed to synthesize α,β-diamino acids.

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