scholarly journals An ARM based Network of Wireless Sensors for Plant Health Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Universal Serial Bus ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Zigbee Protocol ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the present age, the Internet of Things (IoT) is turning into an essential part of our day by day existence with the new innovative improvements. The objective of this project is to utilize the IoT with a smart system of wireless sensors to observe plant healthiness and watch larvae populace in a remote yield field. A wireless sensor network is proposed in this setting to recognize larvae and calculate certain gadget parameters, namely, the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), temperature, humidity and soil moisture. The information of the sensors is gathered through a serial port through the front end sensing node built with a STM32F407VG board. The leading group of STM32F407VG depends on the processor of Advanced RISC Machine (ARM). Utilizing a remote ZigBee protocol, the node information is transmitted to a base station. Information from a gathering of sensor nodes is obtained by the base station. This information is transmitted by means of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) association between the base station and the Central Processing Unit (CPU). On the CPU, this information is examined utilizing the clearly planned application dependent on MATLAB. The discoveries will be shown and put away on the CPU and logged by means of Thingspeak liaison on the cloud too. At any moment, it requires access to this data globally. An auspicious contact and healing of the arranged yield field is accomplished. To accomplish the effective combination and execution of the modules, the unit parameters are changed. An experimental setup is used to test the proposed system operation. The results confirmed the proper functionality of the system.

Intelligent Surveillance and Image Transmission Based on Wireless Video Sensor Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 690-695
Author(s):  
Cheng Bo Yu ◽  
Yu Xuan Liu ◽  
Yi Meng Zhang ◽  
Hong Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Wireless Video ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Video Sensors ◽  
Video Sensor

Design and implement an energy-efficient smart camera mote architecture to be used as surveillance device for assisted living. Add the Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) to WVSN, PIR detect the human or animal’s moving, then it triggers the camera to wake up. The image captured will be grayscale processing by the central processing unit. Camera sensor nodes transmit a grayscale image over wireless channel to master control station. It offers reduced complexity, response time, and power consumption over conventional solutions. By experimental results from the test illustrate that performance of the designed wireless image sensor is better than the exiting ones in the market in terms of received signal strength intensity (RSSI) and packet rate ratio (PRR) with respect to the distance. This scheme is less complicated than other wireless video sensor surveillance techniques, allowing resource-constrained video sensors to operate more reliably and longer.

scholarly journals Enhancing Packet Delivery Ratio and a lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks using Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering Routing Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Packet Delivery

Sensors are regarded as significant components of electronic devices. The sensor nodes deployed with limited resources, such as the power of battery inserted in the sensor nodes. So the lifetime of wireless sensor networks(WSNs) can be increased by using the energy of the sensor nodes in an efficient way. A major part of energy is consumed during the communication of data. Also, the growing demand for usage of wireless sensors applications in different aspects makes the quality-of-service(QoS) to be one of the paramount issues in wireless sensors applications. QoS guarantee in WSNs is difficult and more challenging due to the fact that the sensors have limited resources and the various applications running over these networks have different constraints in their nature and requirements. The packet delivery ratio(PDR) is a major factor of QoS. To achieve high QoS the packet delivery ratio should be maximum. The energy-efficient unequal clustering routing protocol (EEUCR) is evaluated and results show that it enhances the packet delivery ratio(PDR) and a lifetime of WSNs. In this protocol, the area of the network is divided into a number of rings of unequal size and each ring is further divided into a number of clusters. Rings nearer to the base station(BS) have smaller area and area of rings keeps on increasing as the distance from BS increases for balanced energy consumption. The nodes with heterogeneous energy are deployed in the network. Nodes nearer to the base station have higher energy as compared to farther nodes. Static clustering is used but cluster heads(CHs) are not fixed and are elected on the basis of remaining energy. This helps to increase lifetime of EEUCR. PDR of EEUCR is improved because multiple rings help to find better route which further aids to ensure safe reception of packets at the destination. Simulation results are compared with existing protocols and show that this algorithm gives better results.

scholarly journals Enhanced Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Routing Protocols in WSNs for IoT Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4418-4425
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Critical Structure

Bunch specific transducers of Wireless sensor networks (WSN) that give detecting administrations to the Internet of Things gadgets with constrained vitality and capacity assets. Because substitution or energizing of battery in tiny sensor nodes is practically incomprehensible, control utilization winds up one of the critical structure issues in WSN for the future, we proposed a crossbreed directing convention: Advanced Zone-Stable Election Protocol (AZ-SEP) with nature of heterogeneous WSNs for IoT situations. In this convention, a few nodes transmit information legitimately to the base station while some utilization the bunching method to send information to the base station. We actualized AZ-SEP and contrasted it and the customary Low Energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH). Recreation results demonstrated that Z-SEP improved the steadiness time frame and throughput than existing conventions like LEACH. The proposed AZ-SEP convention outflanks when contrasted with the current LEACH convention with a 64% ascent in better output in the form throughput and broadening the quantity of alive tiny nodes to 2702 rounds which can be utilized to improve the IoT lifetime. At the point when contrasted and other vitality productive conventions, it is discovered that the proposed calculation performs better as far as dependability period and system lifetime in various situations of region, vitality and node density. Thus our simulation result will show enhanced energy, throughput with data aggregation

scholarly journals Towards a Low-Cost Precision Viticulture System Using Internet of Things Devices

IoT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Spachos
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Precision Viticulture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an ever-expanding field that takes modern technological advancements and applies it to farming practices to reduce waste and increase output. One advancement that can play a significant role in achieving precision agriculture is wireless technology, and specifically the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Small, inch scale and low-cost devices can be used to monitor great agricultural areas. In this paper, a system for precision viticulture which uses IoT devices for real-time monitoring is proposed. The different components of the system are programmed properly and the interconnection between them is designed to minimize energy consumption. Wireless sensor nodes measure soil moisture and soil temperature in the field and transmit the information to a base station. If the conditions are optimal for a disease or pest to occur, a drone flies towards the area. When the drone is over the node, pictures are captured and then it returns to the base station for further processing. The feasibility of the system is examined through experimentation in a realistic scenario.

scholarly journals An In-Networking Double-Layered Data Reduction for Internet of Things (IoT)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Ismael ◽  
Mingsheng Gao ◽  
Asma Al-Shargabi ◽  
Ammar Zahary
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Data Filtering ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Due to the ever-increasing number and diversity of data sources, and the continuous flow of data that are inevitably redundant and unused to the cloud, the Internet of Things (IoT) brings several problems including network bandwidth, the consumption of network energy, cloud storage, especially for paid volume, and I/O throughput as well as handling huge amount of stored data in the cloud. These call for data pre-processing at the network edge before data transmission over the network takes place. Data reduction is a method for mitigating such problems. Most state-of-the-art data reduction approaches employ a single tier, such as gateways, or two tiers, such gateways and the cloud data center or sensor nodes and base station. In this paper, an approach for IoT data reduction is proposed using in-networking data filtering and fusion. The proposed approach consists of two layers that can be adapted at either a single tier or two tiers. The first layer of the proposed approach is the data filtering layer that is based on two techniques, namely data change detection and the deviation of real observations from their estimated values. The second layer is the data fusion layer. It is based on a minimum square error criterion and fuses the data of the same time domain for specific sensors deployed in a specific area. The proposed approach was implemented using Python and the evaluation of the approach was conducted based on a real-world dataset. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient in terms of data reduction in comparison with Least Mean Squares filter and Papageorgiou’s (CLONE) method.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Protection System for Sensor Networks Based on Analysis of Neighboring Nodes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
Ján Gamec ◽  
Elena Basan ◽  
Alexandr Basan ◽  
Alexey Nekrasov ◽  
Colin Fidge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Points Of View

Creation and operation of sensor systems is a complex challenge not only for industrial and military purposes but also for consumer services (“smart city”, “smart home”) and other applications such as agriculture (“smart farm”, “smart greenhouse”). The use of such systems gives a positive economic effect and provides additional benefits from various points of view. At the same time, due to a large number of threats and challenges to cyber security, it is necessary to detect attacks on sensor systems in a timely manner. Here we present an anomaly detection method in which sensor nodes observe their neighbors and detect obvious deviations in their behavior. In this way, the community of neighboring nodes works collectively to protect one another. The nodes record only those parameters and attributes that are inherent in any node. Regardless of the node’s functionality, such parameters include the amount of traffic passing through the node, its Central Processing Unit (CPU) load, as well as the presence and number of packets dropped by the node. Our method’s main goal is to implement protection against the active influence of an internal attacker on the whole sensor network. We present the anomaly detection method, a dataset collection strategy, and experimental results that show how different types of attacks can be distinguished in the data produced by the nodes.

scholarly journals Designing a Virtual Platform for Modeling Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks at the Central Processing Unit Level: تصميم منصة برمجية افتراضية لنمذجة العقد ضمن شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية على مستوى وحدة المعالجة المركزية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-1
Author(s):  
Ghaidaa Mohammad Esber, Mothanna Alkubeily, Samer Sulaiman Ghaidaa Mohammad Esber, Mothanna Alkubeily, Samer Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Assembly Language ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Central Processing

Wireless sensor network simulation programs provide representation for an actual system, without needing to deploy real testbed which is highly constrained by the available budget, and the direct operations inside physical layer in most of these programs are hidden and work implicitly. This is what motivated us to build a kernel for a virtual simulation platform to be able to simulate protocol operations and algorithms at the node processing unit level, The proposed system aims to observe the execution of operations at the low level of the wireless sensor physical infrastructure with the ability to modify at this level. That give the improvers of wireless sensor nodes the ability to test their ideas without needing to use physical environment. We have built the functionality operations which are related to the platform kernel at several stages. We defined (as a first step) the essential operations inside a virtual microprocessor that uses a partial set pf MIPS instructions, and built the kernel of minimized virtual WSN simulator depending on the proposed microprocessor, that means we can add any number of nodes inside the GUI of the WSN simulator kernel, and these nodes use the proposed virtual microprocessor . Then we improved this platform by adding the instruction set of a real microprocessor that is used in wireless sensor network nodes. Finally, (and to ease and simplify the interaction operation between program GUI of the platform kernel and the user), we have built simplified compiler that allows user to deal with microprocessor GUI inside each node, and to clarify protocol and algorithm operations by a set of orders and functions without needing to deal with low level language (Assembly language) in a direct way. The simulation results have presented high flexibility and performance to this platform in observing the operation sequence inside wireless sensor nodes at assembly level, in addition to focus on some parameters that are related to microprocessor inside each node.

scholarly journals Review of Energy Efficient Techniques of IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Awasthi ◽  
Navneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The network across which the information is sensed by the sensor devices and then forwarded to the sink is known as Internet of Things (IoT). Even though this system is deployed in several applications, there are certain issues faced in it due to its dynamic nature. The internet of things is derived from the wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes which are deployed to sense environmental conditions are very small in size and also deployed on the far places due to which energy consumption is the major issue of internet of things. This research work related to reduce energy consumption of the network so that lifetime can be improved. In the existing system the approach of multilevel clustering is used for the data aggregation to base station. In the approach of multilevel clustering, the whole network is divided into clusters and cluster heads are selected in each cluster. The energy efficient techniques of internet of things are reviewed and analyzed in terms of certain parameters.

scholarly journals A dynamic data encryption method based on addressing the data importance on the internet of things

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Dana Khwailleh ◽  
Firas Al-balas
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Stream Cipher ◽  
Block Cipher ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Encryption Method ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The rapid growth of internet of things (IoT) in multiple areas brings research challenges closely linked to the nature of IoT technology. Therefore, there has been a need to secure the collected data from IoT sensors in an efficient and dynamic way taking into consideration the nature of collected data due to its importance. So, in this paper, a dynamic algorithm has been developed to distinguish the importance of data collected and apply the suitable security approach for each type of data collected. This was done by using hybrid system that combines block cipher and stream cipher systems. After data classification using machine learning classifiers the less important data are encrypted using stream cipher (SC) that use rivest cipher 4 algorithm, and more important data encrypted using block cipher (BC) that use advanced encryption standard algorithm. By applying a performance evaluation using simulation, the proposed method guarantees that it encrypts the data with less central processing unit (CPU) time with improvement in the security over the data by using the proposed hybrid system.

scholarly journals Exploiting cooperative sensing for accurate target tracking in industrial Internet of things

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 155014771989220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneeb A Khan ◽  
Muazzam A Khan ◽  
Anis U Rahman ◽  
Asad Waqar Malik ◽  
Safdar A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Target Tracking ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Target Path ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Localization And Tracking ◽  
Complete Path

Wireless sensor networks are a cornerstone of the Internet of things with many applications. An important aspect of such applications is target tracking using self-positioned known sensor nodes. Over the years, many schemes have been proposed to locate and track the target path. However, accuracy and reliable tracking remain an open area of research. In this article, we propose a dynamic cooperative multilateral sensing scheme for indoor industrial environments to improve target localization and tracking accuracy. The scheme is designed to select reliable nodes based on the distance between nodes within-cluster and to the target for reduced positioning error. Furthermore, a cluster node is dynamically selected based on distance from the base station. We simulate the proposed technique in scenarios with tracking at regular intervals and with the complete path. Furthermore, the performance of the scheme is also tested under different sensor coverage areas. The results show that the proposed scheme provides better target tracking with up to 19% higher accuracy in comparison to the traditional trilateration scheme.

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