scholarly journals An A pproach to Smart Parking A lgorithm using a nt Colony Optimization and Decision Tree Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Ankita Yadav ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Result Analysis

This research is conducted in order to deal with the main problem of traffic congestion and road accidents that is basically caused because of the improper parking management. . Hence, it is important that cities have a well-managed parking system. In the past various researches has been done to design a suitable smart paring algorithm. However, each research had their own pros and cons. Our research leads to a smart algorithm that is secure and is convenient enough to develop a system that can be manage the available slots and can notify the users about the available parking slot beforehand to the client. The result analysis clearly shows that the algorithm proposed and designed is more accurate than other algorithms used in the past. The proposed algorithm is designed using ACO, decision tree, and GPS mapping. The idea of working on this research was to provide a solution that is cost effective, helps people on large scale and maintains the laws and order.

Efficient Schedule of Energy-Constrained UAV Using Crowdsourced Buses in Last-Mile Parcel Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yan Pan ◽  
Shining Li ◽  
Qianwu Chen ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Delivery Scheduling ◽  
Schedule Approach

Stimulated by the dramatical service demand in the logistics industry, logistics trucks employed in last-mile parcel delivery bring critical public concerns, such as heavy cost burden, traffic congestion and air pollution. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a promising alternative tool in last-mile delivery, which is however limited by insufficient flight range and load capacity. This paper presents an innovative energy-limited logistics UAV schedule approach using crowdsourced buses. Specifically, when one UAV delivers a parcel, it first lands on a crowdsourced social bus to parcel destination, gets recharged by the wireless recharger deployed on the bus, and then flies from the bus to the parcel destination. This novel approach not only increases the delivery range and load capacity of battery-limited UAVs, but is also much more cost-effective and environment-friendly than traditional methods. New challenges therefore emerge as the buses with spatiotemporal mobility become the bottleneck during delivery. By landing on buses, an Energy-Neutral Flight Principle and a delivery scheduling algorithm are proposed for the UAVs. Using the Energy-Neutral Flight Principle, each UAV can plan a flying path without depleting energy given buses with uncertain velocities. Besides, the delivery scheduling algorithm optimizes the delivery time and number of delivered parcels given warehouse location, logistics UAVs, parcel locations and buses. Comprehensive evaluations using a large-scale bus dataset demonstrate the superiority of the innovative logistics UAV schedule approach.

scholarly journals Community detection in large scale congested urban road networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260201
Author(s):  
Seyed Arman Haghbayan ◽  
Nikolas Geroliminis ◽  
Meisam Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Urban Networks

Traffic congestion in large urban networks may take different shapes and propagates non-uniformly variations from day to day. Given the fact that congestion on a road segment is spatially correlated to adjacent roads and propagates spatiotemporally with finite speed, it is essential to describe the main pockets of congestion in a city with a small number of clusters. For example, the perimeter control with macroscopic fundamental diagrams is one of the effective traffic management tools. Perimeter control adjusts the inflow to pre-specified regions of a city through signal timing on the border of a region in order to optimize the traffic condition within the region. The precision of macroscopic fundamental diagrams depends on the homogeneity of traffic condition on road segments of the region. Hence, previous studies have defined the boundaries of the region under perimeter control subjected to the regional homogeneity. In this study, a cost-effective method is proposed for the mentioned problem that simultaneously considers homogeneity, contiguity and compactness of clusters and has a shorter computational time. Since it is necessary to control the cost and complexity of perimeter control in terms of the number of traffic signals, sparse parts of the network could be potential candidates for boundaries. Therefore, a community detection method (Infomap) is initially adopted and then those clusters are improved by refining the communities in relation to roads with the highest heterogeneity. The proposed method is applied to Shenzhen, China and San Francisco, USA and the outcomes are compared to previous studies. The results of comparison reveal that the proposed method is as effective as the best previous methods in detecting homogenous communities, but it outperforms them in contiguity. It is worth noting that this is the first method that guarantees the connectedness of clusters, which is a prerequisite of perimeter control.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in MEMS Metasurfaces and Their Applications on Tunable Lens

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowei He ◽  
Huimin Yang ◽  
Yunhui Jiang ◽  
Wenjun Deng ◽  
Weiming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Tunable Lens

The electromagnetic (EM) properties of metasurfaces depend on both structural design and material properties. microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology offers an approach for tuning metasurface EM properties by structural reconfiguration. In the past 10 years, vast applications have been demonstrated based on MEMS metasurfaces, which proved to have merits including, large tunability, fast speed, small size, light weight, capability of dense integration, and compatibility of cost-effective fabrication process. Here, recent advances in MEMS metasurface applications are reviewed and categorized based on the tuning mechanisms, operation band and tuning speed. As an example, the pros and cons of MEMS metasurfaces for tunable lens applications are discussed and compared with traditional tunable lens technologies followed by the summary and outlook.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Smart Car Parking System using LabView

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2826-2829
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Vikkurthi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Due to rapid proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, finding a vacant car parking space is becoming challenging and ubiquitous in every major city, resulting traffic problems are bound to exist. Increase in traffic causes the number of accidents thatcause serious bodily harm to the road users, the pollution caused by the large amount of CO2 released by the vehicles, and the continuous stress of drivers who must drive in often narrow and very busy roads and who must look for a long time to find a space to park. Thus, tosolve the parking problem, lot of research is being done on smart parking management system mechanisms. The existing system gives us the information about the empty slots availability but does not give information about the exact location of parking slot available in sucha big area. This paper proposes an efficient, cost effective smart car Parking System on wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology using LabView that can easily locate and secure a vacant parking space at any car park deemed convenient to them. The parking slots are continuously monitored, and data is continuously updated in the display board. Index Terms: parking system, smart parking, IR sensor

scholarly journals Synthesis and Performance of Large-Scale Cost-Effective Environment-Friendly Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Farheen F. Jaldurgam ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Farid Touati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Te Material

Thermoelectricity is a promising technology that directly converts heat energy into electricity and finds its use in enormous applications. This technology can be used for waste heat recovery from automobile exhausts and industrial sectors and convert the heat from solar energy, especially in hot and humid areas such as Qatar. The large-scale, cost-effective commercialization of thermoelectric generators requires the processing and fabrication of nanostructured materials with quick, easy, and inexpensive techniques. Moreover, the methods should be replicable and reproducible, along with stability in terms of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the TE material. This report summarizes and compares the up-to-date technologies available for batch production of the earth-abundant and ecofriendly materials along with some notorious works in this domain. We have also evaluated and assessed the pros and cons of each technique and its effect on the properties of the materials. The simplicity, time, and cost of each synthesis technique have also been discussed and compared with the conventional methods.

scholarly journals Examination of Traffic Congestion and Remedial Measures, Coimbatore City

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accident Data

During the past few years, there has been high growth of demand for road transportation .The volume of road traffic has increased continuously over years due to the increase in the vehicle population, buying power, rented cab services, increasing economy activities and urbanisation. Road accidents and traffic congestion impose a burden on the society. Reducing the traffic congestion and road accidents are very important for efficient road transportation. With the increase in population in Coimbatore, the number of vehicles also increased. An effort has been made to study the traffic volume of Avinashi Road NH47, Trichy Road, NH81, Sathy Road NH209, Mettupalayam Road NH67 and Other Corporations Road . The vehicle population in Coimbatore has increased at an alarming rate. In the year 2014-15, around 27100 two wheelers, 4800 cars and 1800 other transport vehicles have been registered. In the year 2015-16, 33000 two wheelers, 6700 cars and 3040 other vehicles have been registered. The increase in the percentage comes to 20%, 40%, 40% respectively during the years 2014-15, 2015-16. Coimbatore has a large number of floating population. The traffic on its roads has increased so much that it often becomes very difficult to cross a road. During the peak hours of the day, we find an unending stream of buses, trucks, cars, tempos, scooters, motor-cycles and cycles are seen in many roads. Most of the drivers of the vehicles do not observe traffic rules. Other than this, accident data opinion survey was also carried to know the problems faced by the pedestrians. After analyzing all the data, remedial measures such as widening of road, removal/ relocation of bus stops, implementation of speed brakers and introduction of manned and unmanned traffic signals are suggested in the study area. An overall analysis was carried out to determine the effects of introducing the remedial measures. It is found that the traffic congestion can be reduced if the remedial measures are implemented.

scholarly journals How Coerced Municipal Amalgamations Thwart the Values of Local Self-Government

2020 ◽  
pp. 107808742092145
Author(s):  
Gissur Ó. Erlingsson ◽  
Jörgen Ödalen ◽  
Erik Wångmar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Government Reforms

Arguments invoking increased functional efficiency have had a profound impact on local government reforms in advanced democracies during the past 60 years. Consequently, most mature democracies have implemented municipal amalgamation reforms, often through top-down coercion. In this article, we demonstrate how far central governments have been willing to go, in terms of coercion, by providing an in-depth historical account of Swedish municipal amalgamations between 1952 and 1974. Debates on amalgamation reforms have typically revolved around pros and cons of mergers. But very few discussions have addressed the more fundamental moral problem of enforcing amalgamations through coercion. Often, large-scale mergers are carried through against the expressed will of municipalities who wish to remain self-governing. In this article, we present a normative defense of strong local self-government, based partly on values of individual autonomy, and partly on group-based human rights, and we show how coerced amalgamations are at odds with these values.

scholarly journals Non-Precious Metal Graphene-Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Electrochem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximina Luis-Sunga ◽  
Lana Regent ◽  
Elena Pastor ◽  
Gonzalo García
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many

Developing sustainable and renewable energy sources is critical as higher and higher global energy and environmental challenges arise. Hydrogen has the highest mass/energy density of any fuel and is considered one of the best sources of clean energy. Water splitting is regarded as one of the most promising solutions for hydrogen production on a large scale. Highly efficient, durable, and cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are critical in the realization of this goal. Among the many materials proposed, graphene-based materials offer some unique properties for HER catalysis. In this review, we present recent progress on development of graphene-based electrocatalysts toward HER throughout the past few years.

scholarly journals Smart parking management system with dynamic pricing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Md Ashifuddin Mondal ◽  
Zeenat Rehena ◽  
Marijn Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management System ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors

Smart parking is becoming more and more an integral part of smart city initiatives. Utilizing and managing parking areas is a challenging task as space is often limited, finding empty spaces are hard and citizens want to park their vehicles close to their preferred places. This becomes worse in important/posh areas of major metropolitan cities during rush hour. Due to unavailability of proper parking management system, citizens have to roam around a lot in order to find a suitable parking area. This leads to the wastage of valuable time, unnecessary fuel consumption and environmental pollution. This paper proposes a smart parking management system (SPMS) based on multiple criteria based parking space reservation algorithm (MCPR) that allows the driver/owner of vehicles to find and reserve most appropriate parking space from anywhere at any time. The system also considers the concept of dynamic pricing strategy for calculating parking charge in order to gain more revenue by the government agencies as well as private investors. The system employs sensors to calculate concentration index, average inter-arrival time of vehicles of a parking area for better parking management and planning. The simulation results show that proposed system reduces the average extra driving required by the users to find a parking area and hence it will reduce traffic congestion, which in turn reduces air pollution caused by unnecessary driving to find a proper parking area.

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