scholarly journals Surface Treatment for Improving Selected Physical and Functional Properties of Tools and Machine Parts—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Daniel Toboła ◽  
Janusz Kalisz ◽  
Kazimierz Czechowski ◽  
Iwona Wronska ◽  
Zbigniew Machynia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Machining Properties

Wear resistance, which is one of the main technological quality features of machine parts and tools, is determined by the properties of their surface layer. The demand for high-quality products forces manufacturers to use modern structural and tooling materials as well as efficient and cost-effective methods of their treatment. The paper presents the results of research on selected properties of tools made of tool steels and sintered carbides, as well as parts made of aluminum alloy subjected to selected surface treatment processes, such as mechanical (grinding, turning, milling, burnishing) and thermo-chemical (nitriding, sulfonitriding) processes, and physical vapor deposition (PVD) of coatings. The presented results, including analyses of the surface geometric structure, microstructure, and microhardness, as well as tribological and machining properties of selected materials, indicate the possibility of improving the functional quality of tools and machine parts.

scholarly journals Study of Blended Waste Organic Extracts in Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016
Author(s):  
J.B. Veeramalini ◽  
B. Bharathiraja ◽  
S. Raghu Vinayak ◽  
R. Vignesh ◽  
S.K. Raghul
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Composite Fibre ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Micro Organisms

In present work, water treatment processes is carried out by an affordable, readily usable and non-chemical method. This study involved the process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter that includes suspended particles, micro organisms, a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces. The substances used in this work were coarsely blended with each other and a special composite fibre filter was made. Several processes variables of quality of waste are also measured before and after the treatment. Results show that the water quality has been enriched in several ways such as reduction in the dissolved solids, pH has been controlled, deodorization and prevention of microbial growth. Hence use of this work has been utilized as a “Homemaker Model” and act as an alternative method for wastewater treatment in a cost effective way.

scholarly journals Application of integrated MBR in a centralized WTP for a chemical industrial park: A case study in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinsong ◽  
Liu Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Chemical Industrial Park ◽  
Porous Resin ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract Wastewaters from chemical industries usually contain pollutants which are toxic and non-biodegradable. Treatment of chemical wastewaters is always a challenging topic in view of the stringent environmental regulations that have to be adhered to. Since 2014, the Chinese government has been continuously tightening the industrial wastewater (IWW) discharge standards, which requires improved quality of IWW effluent. This poses great challenges to the chemical industries in China, especially to many of the chemical industry clusters where the wastewaters usually contain more toxic and non-biodegradable contaminants. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been proved to be a reliable and cost-effective solution for the treatment of IWW. However, MBR alone could not effectively remove non-biodegradable organics, it needs to be integrated with advanced oxidization process and/or other physical-chemical treatment processes to improve the overall treatment efficiency. In this paper, studies on the performance of different integrated MBR processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant-A (IWTP-A) will be discussed, including Fenton + MBR, MBR + ozonation + biological aerated filter, and MBR + porous resin sorption.

Technological quality assurance of the surface layer and operational properties of machine parts by electroerosion treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Sergey S'yanov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Surface Layer Quality

Dependences for determining geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of the surface layer quality, wear resistance, corrosion rate and endurance limit depending on the modes and conditions of electroerosion treatment of machine parts have been given. These dependences allow determining optimal modes and conditions of electroerosion treatment to ensure the required parameters of the quality of the surface layer (with a two–stage approach - design and technological support of operational properties), wear resistance, corrosion rate and endurance limit (with a single-stage approach - direct technological support).

scholarly journals Assessing the Rheological Properties of Durum Wheat Semolina: A Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2947
Author(s):  
Cristina Cecchini ◽  
Andrea Bresciani ◽  
Paolo Menesatti ◽  
Maria Ambrogina Pagani ◽  
Alessandra Marti
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Durum Wheat Semolina ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
The Ideal

Empiric rheology is considered a useful tool for assessing the technological quality of wheat. Over the decades, several tests have been adapted from common to durum wheat, and new approaches have been proposed to meet the needs of the players of the durum wheat value chain. Breeders are looking for reliable methods to test the functional quality of wheat lines at early stages, where there are limited amounts of sample; millers need fast and reliable methods for checking wheat quality right at the point of the receiving station; and pasta-makers are looking for suitable methods to predict end product quality. This review provides an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the rheological tests currently used to evaluate the quality of durum wheat semolina, with the emphasis on Europe. Moreover, the relationships among the parameters obtained from different rheological approaches are extrapolated from the literature and integrated with the data obtained from 74 samples of durum wheat semolina. Although numerous efforts have been made to propose rapid and reliable tests for semolina characterization, the ideal test has yet to be proposed, indicating that researchers and pasta companies need to focus on perfecting the way to assess the quality of durum wheat and pasta.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

A Sample Preparation on Decapsulation Methodology for Effective Failure Analysis on Thin Small Leadless (TSLP) Flip Chip Package with Copper Pillar (CuP) Bump Interconnect Technology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwee Hoon Yen ◽  
Ng Kiong Kay
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Abstract Today, failure analysis involving flip chip [1] with copper pillar bump packaging technologies would be the major challenges faced by analysts. Most often, handling on the chips after destructive chemical decapsulation is extremely critical as there are several failure analysis steps to be continued such as chip level fault localization, chip micro probing for fault isolation, parallel lapping [2, 3, 4] and passive voltage contrast. Therefore, quality of sample preparation is critical. This paper discussed and demonstrated a quick, reliable and cost effective methodology to decapsulate the thin small leadless (TSLP) flip chip package with copper pillar (CuP) bump interconnect technology.

Considerations of the technological quality assessment of sugarbeet

2011 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pezzi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Thick Juice

No real improvement in the technological quality of beet has been recorded over the last 15 years in Northern Italy. Among the possible explanations for the quality stagnation is that the traditional formulae cannot correctly differentiate between sugarbeet varieties which produce thick juice of very high purity. This seems to be connected with the role of potassium. The use of a standard purification procedure gives reliable and accurate data which is immediately comparable with the factory data. Research projects on medium/long term storage are currently being performed by Co.Pro.B., Italy, in cooperation with Syngenta and Beta. Up to now the results have shown that storage of sugarbeet in autumn time in northern Italy is possible provided that suitable varieties and proper handling of the roots are employed. Results obtained in the storage trials are reported. Correlations have been found between quality parameters (purity, color and lime salts) of the purified juice with the glucose content of the raw juice. An interesting correlation is reported between purified juice purity and raw juice purity.

Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ahmed* ◽  
Anas S. Dablool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

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