scholarly journals PREVENTATIVE EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC (MIACLOST) ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED HYPOCALCEMIC RICKETS IN BROILER CHICKS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461-1474
Author(s):  
N. A. Ameen ◽  
N. R. Abdul Rahman ◽  
A H Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Proliferation Zone ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Normal Thickness ◽  
Experimentally Induced

A trial was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (Miaclost) supplement on experimentally induced hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks, a total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into three equal groups 60 chicks per group with 3 replicates (20 birds /replicate) the dietary treatments consisted of a normal ration for G1, calcium-deficient ration 5% for G2 and calcium-deficient ration with addition of probiotics in drinking water for G3.Initial signs of rickets have been observed at 35-day of age in G2.while, in G1 and G3 no clinical signs observed, the gross lesions appeared enlargement of parathyroid gland, costochondral junction and increase in the width of growth plate of tibial bone of G2 whereas no gross lesions recorded in G1 and G3, the histopathological examination of parathyroid gland in G2 there were a focal parathyroid hyperplasia and increasing in numbers of syncytial cells and normal in G1 and G3, no intestinal histopathological changes in G1 and G2 and increase in height and width of the intestinal villi  in probiotic group G3. Marked increase in the thickness of proliferation zone within growth plate of tibia bone in G2 and normal thickness in G1 and G3. the serum biochemical analysis of calcium of G2 recorded significantly low level in G2 and high level in G3  comparatively with G1, finally the serum alkaline phosphatase values were high significantly in G2 and normal in G3, it is concluded that probiotic (MiaClost) can be used as prophylaxis to prevent hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Dietary Supplements On Performance And Severity of Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infection In Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ogwiji ◽  
Jatau Isa Danladi ◽  
Natala Audu Joseph ◽  
Sani Dahiru ◽  
Habibu Buhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The effect of the dietary supplements; sugarcane molasses (prebiotic), Antox® (probiotic) and Enflorax® (synbiotic) on gut health, performance and severity of infection with Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens were evaluated in this study. Ninety (90) day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Groups B to F were challenged with Eimeria tenella (2.0 × 104 oocysts/chick). Groups C, D and E were supplemented from day old with prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic respectively, while F was administered amprolium. Groups A and B served as negative and positive controls respectively. Feed intake and performance parameters were assessed weekly for each group. After infection clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates were monitored alongside oocysts output, gross and microscopic caecal lesions. Infected chickens exhibited clinical signs 4 days post infection (dpi) with 100% morbidity in all infected groups. Infected groups showed significant (P<0.05) drop in feed intake and weight gain from 3 - 5 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio was highest in B but lower in the supplemented groups. Oocysts output in faeces were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups compared with B. Macroscopic lesion scores 7 dpi were significantly lower in the supplemented groups compared with B, though Group F had the lowest mean score. Histopathological examination of caeca tissues showed milder lesions in the supplemented groups. In conclusion, the supplements prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic ameliorated the consequences of caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens and therefore recommended for use in broiler production.

scholarly journals Clinico-Pathological Investigation of Chicken Coccidiosis at Different Upazila in Bogura District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Md Mofizul Islam ◽  
Md Haydar Ali ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mahfuza Akther ◽  
Md Gausur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gross Lesions

The experiment was conducted with the interest to know the overall condition of coccidiosis in small scale commercial poultry farms at different upazilla in Bogura district and the investigation was done from July to December, 2018. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done for characterizing the clinical signs, recording of gross lesions and collection of different organs mainly the small intestine and the caecum for further histopathological examination. A total of 343 suspected and dead chickens were examined, among them 52 (15.38%) (20.6% in broiler, 10.47% in sonali, 10.25% in layer) chickens were found positive for chicken coccidiosis. The proportional mortality rates were 19.25%, 21.42%, 8.23% and 7.5% respectively in age group of 0-4 weeks, 5-6 weeks, 7-8 weeks and above 8 weeks and the highest value was found in age group of 5- 6 weeks. Depression, ruffled feather, bloody diarrhoea, anaemia, drooping of wings and reduction of feed and water intake were commonly observed. Several gross changes were recorded including enlargement and discoloration of caecum, pinkish or blood mixed catarrhal contents in the intestinal lumen with numerous haemorrhagic lesions over intestinal mucosa. Histopathologically there was architectural destruction of caecum, destroyed and disorganized villi mucosa without any continuation of the lining epithelium. Some facts like farmers knowledge, the bio-safety measures and different protection programs with vaccination against the disease did not properly comply with the approved standards. Thus consideration of such points in management program of coccidiosis can improve the poultry farms of Bogura district. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 267-274,  August 2020

scholarly journals Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 infections among 3 species of non-human primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaiyao Lu ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Wenhai Yu ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Jiahong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Human Primate

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has recently been announced as a pandemic all over the world. Plenty of diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic knowledges have been enriched from clinical studies since December 2019. However, animal models, particularly non-human primate models, are urgently needed for critical questions that could not be answered in clinical patients, evaluations of anti-viral drugs and vaccines. In this study, two families of non-human primates, Old world monkeys (12 Macaca mulatta, 6 Macaca fascicularis) and New world monkeys (6 Callithrix jacchus), were experimentally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs were recorded. Samples were collected for analysis of viral shedding, viremia and histopathological examination. Increased body temperature was observed in 100% (12/12) M. mulatta, 33.3% (2/6) M. fascicularis and none (0/6) of C. jacchus post inoculation of SARS-CoV-2. All of M. mulatta and M. fascicularis showed chest radiographic abnormality. Viral genomes were detected in nasal swabs, throat swabs, anal swabs and blood from all 3 species of monkeys. Viral shedding from upper respiratory samples reached the peak between day 6 and day 8 post inoculation. From necropsied M. mulatta and M. fascicularis, the tissues showing virus positive were mainly lung, weasand, bronchus and spleen. No viral genome was seen in any of tissues from 2 necropsied C. jacchus. Severe gross lesions and histopathological changes were observed in lung, heart and stomach of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals. In summary, we have established a NHP model for COVID-19, which could be used to evaluate drugs and vaccines, and investigate viral pathogenesis. M. mulatta is the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by M. fascicularis and C. jacchus.One Sentence SummaryM. mulatta is the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared to M. fascicularis and C. jacchus.

scholarly journals The pathology of natural and experimentally induced Campylobacter jejuni abortion in sheep

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110332
Author(s):  
Michael J. Yaeger ◽  
Orhan Sahin ◽  
Paul J. Plummer ◽  
Zuowei Wu ◽  
Judith A. Stasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
Microscopic Lesion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Experimentally Induced

We describe here the gross and microscopic lesions in 18 experimentally induced and 120 natural Campylobacter abortions. In natural Campylobacter abortions, gross lesions were reported infrequently; placentitis was recorded in 6% and hepatic lesions in 4% of our field cases. Placentitis was the microscopic lesion identified most consistently in natural abortions (93%) and was often observed in association with abundant bacterial colonies in chorionic villi (54%) and less often with placental vasculitis (13%). In natural abortions, suppurative fetal pneumonia (48%), necrosuppurative hepatitis (16%), and purulent meningitis (7%) were also observed. The better-preserved specimens from experimentally induced abortions were utilized to define placental changes more precisely. Placentitis was identified in all 18 experimentally induced abortions and was observed most consistently in the chorionic villus stroma (100%), often accompanied by suppurative surface exudate (89%). An inflammatory infiltrate was less commonly identified in the cotyledonary hilus (39%) and intercotyledonary placenta (22%). Bacteria were visualized in H&E-stained sections in 89% of placentas from experimentally infected ewes, primarily as well-demarcated bacterial colonies within subtrophoblastic, sinusoidal capillaries (89%), in the cotyledonary villus stroma (89%), and within the cytoplasm of trophoblasts (22%). Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry confirmed that the vast majority of the well-demarcated bacterial colonies characteristic of Campylobacter abortion were within subtrophoblastic sinusoidal capillaries. The most characteristic microscopic lesions identified in cases of Campylobacter abortion in sheep were placentitis with placental bacterial colonies, placental vasculitis, and fetal pneumonia.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Átilla Holanda de Albuquerque ◽  
Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Débora Nishi Machado ◽  
Elisângela De Souza Lopes ◽  
Ruben Horn Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples

Several cases of animal and human salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium have been reported. In animals, subclinical infection favors pathogen dissemination through feces. In this context, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) with an asymptomatic condition may play an important role in the transmission of salmonellosis, through the elimination of contaminated feces in commercial aviaries or in poultry feed facilities, causing economic losses to the poultry industry and presenting a risk to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality, clinical signs and the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces and organs of chicks previously inoculated with bacteria isolated from a pigeon. One-day-old chicks were distributed in two experimental groups (G1 and G2) of 32 birds each, and a control group of six birds. Two inocula of 0.4 and 0.7 mL with 105 and 106 colony forming units were used in G1 and G2 birds, respectively. At 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) fecal samples were pooled from each cage and individual cloacal swabs were collected. At 14 dpi, all chicks were euthanized and samples were collected from the liver, spleen, lung, cecum and intestine for microbiological analysis. Mortality was only observed among G2 birds (6.25%). Most birds presented clinical signs of diarrhea at 4 dpi and no symptom as observed at 14 dpi. The results from cloacal swabs demonstrated bacterial elimination in 68.8% and 53.1% of G2 and G1 birds, respectively at 1 dpi. Additionally, fecal samples had elevated bacterial shedding in all four periods of observation , with a higher excretion at 4 dpi (62.5%) for both groups. Among G2 birds, 74.2% were positive for the pathogen in the intestine; G1 birds presented the lowest rate of lung infection (29%), and both groups had more than 50% positivity for liver and caeca. The results revealed that infected chicks with a Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from pigeons may host the pathogen in several organs, and simultaneously present diarrheic disorders with significant levels of bacterial excretion in feces.

Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Evaluation of Hydrazobenzene in Fischer 344 Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darol E. Dodd ◽  
Linda J. Pluta ◽  
Mark A. Sochaski ◽  
Henry G. Wall ◽  
Russell S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
F344 Rats

Male F344 rats were exposed to hydrazobenzene (HZB) by dietary feed at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 80, 200, or 300 ppm for 5 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, or 13 weeks duration. End points evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, liver weights, serum chemistry, blood HZB, gross pathology, and liver histopathology. There were no HZB exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity. During study weeks 8 through 13, body weight means in rats of the 300 ppm group were 6% lower compared to control rat means. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were decreased in rats of the 300 ppm group at all time points. Relative (to body weight) liver weight increases were observed in rats of the 200 and 300 ppm groups following 5 days (300 ppm only), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 13 weeks of exposure. Following 13 weeks of exposure, microscopic findings in the liver were observed only in rats of the 200 and 300 ppm groups and consisted of hypertrophy, macrovesiculation, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and bile duct duplication. Blood HZB concentrations ranged from 0.002 to 0.006 µg/mL in rats of the 200 or 300 ppm groups. A no observed effect level of 80 ppm (4.80 mg/kg per d) was selected based on the observation of microscopic hepatocyte alterations at ≥200 ppm HZB.

scholarly journals Invasive nasal histiocytic sarcoma as a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in a cat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691881117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen M Santifort ◽  
Ben Jurgens ◽  
Guy CM Grinwis ◽  
Ingrid Gielen ◽  
Björn P Meij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Olfactory Neuroblastoma ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Tissue Mass

Case summary A 10-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of neurological signs suggestive of a right-sided forebrain lesion, temporal lobe epilepsy and generalised seizure activity. MRI of the head revealed an expansile soft tissue mass in the caudal nasal passages (both sides but predominantly right-sided) involving the ethmoid bone and extending through the cribriform plate into the cranial vault affecting predominantly the right frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a histiocytic sarcoma. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with clinical signs of temporal lobe epilepsy due to an invasive, histiocytic sarcoma. Histiocytic sarcoma, although rare, should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for soft tissue masses extending through the cribriform plate. Other differential diagnoses are primary nasal neoplasia (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, chondrosarcoma and other types of sarcomas), lymphoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. Temporal lobe epilepsy in cats can be the consequence of primary pathology of temporal lobe structures, or it can be a consequence of pathology with an effect on these structures (eg, mass effect or disruption of interconnecting neuronal pathways).

scholarly journals Negative MRI findings in a case of degenerative myelopathy in a dog : clinical communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
M. Kitagawa ◽  
K. Kanayama ◽  
H. Yamamura ◽  
T. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Degenerative Myelopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

An 11-year-old male Rough collie was submitted with paraparesis, but did not respond to medical treatment. Clinical signs worsened and the dog displayed paralysis, inability to stand and loss of voluntary bladder control, whereupon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. No significant abnormalities were identified from MRI, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid tests or radiography. After MRI, the dog developed dyspnoea and died. Autopsy and subsequent histopathological examination led to a diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy.

scholarly journals Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welden Panziera ◽  
Ronaldo Michel Bianchi ◽  
Paula Reis Pereira ◽  
Mariana Martins Flores ◽  
Monique Togni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Fibrocartilaginous Embolism ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Liquefactive Necrosis ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Multiple Blood

ABSTRACT: This report described clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) in a 10-year-old, mixed breed gelding. Clinically, the horse presented acute hind limbs paralysis, with a clinical course of approximately 24 hours. At necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. Cross-sections of the spinal cord revealed focally extensive areas of malacia from the T10 to L4 segments. Focally extensive areas of liquefactive necrosis involving the gray matter and adjacent white matter were observed on histologic sections. The lumen of multiple blood vessels in the periphery of the necrotic areas was occluded by fibrocartilaginous emboli that strongly stained with alcian blue. Clinical signs, gross necropsy, and histological findings observed in this case were identical to those described in the literature for ischemic myelopathy caused by FCE in the horse and other species.

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