GHOST CELLS UNDER MICROSCOPE: A PERPLEXED HYPOTHESIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Reema Raina ◽  
Nikita Gulati ◽  
Saurabh Juneja ◽  
Devi Charan Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Ghost Cell ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ghost Cells ◽  
Functional Aspects

Cellular identities in the past have been based on the structural and functional aspects. Proper delineation of cellular structure occasionally could be ambiguous because of their varied existence either structurally similar or functionally dissimilar or vice versa. “Ghost cells”- is an area which is entailed by controversies allocated to their functionality and appearance. In odontogenic lesions they are considered as the enlarged epithelial cells with central space consequential to lost nucleus. Many authors have documented on the histogenesis and formation of ghost cells yet nothing relevant till date. This article is an attempt to concise the literature in precise manner to elaborate the ghost cell origin in histopathologic arena.

scholarly journals Neuropeptides Exert Direct Effects on Rat Thymic Epithelial Cells in Culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Head ◽  
R. Mentlein ◽  
Birte Von Patay ◽  
J. E.G. Downing ◽  
Marion D. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dye Coupling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Thymic Epithelium ◽  
Functional Aspects

To determine if major thymic neuropeptides and neurotransmitters can directly influence the functional activity of cultured rat thymic epithelium, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters were applied, and intercellular communication, proliferation, and thymulin secretion assessed. After injections of a mixture of lucifer yellow dextran (too large to pass gap junctions) and cascade blue (which does) into single cells, some neuropeptides decrease dye coupling: 0.1 mM GABA (P< 0.0001), 100 nM NPY (P< 0.0001), 100 nM VIP (P< 0.001), 100 nM CGRP (P< 0.001), 100 nM SP (P< 0.01), and 0.1 mM histamine (P< 0.01), whereas 0.1 mM 5-HT, mM acetylcholine, and 1μM isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist) had no effect. Proliferation (incorporation of tritiated thymidine) was increased by CGRP (P= 0.004) and histamine (P< 0.02), but decreased by isoproterenol (P= 0.002), 5-HT (P= 0.003), and acetylcholine (P< 0.05). The percentage of multinucleate cells was decreased after isoproterenol (2.5%), and increased after 5-HT (21.3%), GABA (15%), and histamine (15.1%). Compared to controls, thymulin in the supernatant was decreased after challenge with acetylcholine (52%), isoproterenol (71%), 5-HT (73%), and histamine (84%). This study demonstrates direct effects of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters on functional aspects of cultured thymic epithelial cells.

Citrus bergamia, Risso: the peel, the juice and the seed oil of the bergamot fruit of Reggio Calabria (South Italy).

2020 ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Giuffrè Angelo Maria ◽  
Nobile Riccardo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
South Italy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Similar Quantity ◽  
Citrus Bergamia

Bergamot is a characteristic citrus fruit of the province of Reggio Calabria (South Italy) and until today it was mainly known for the production of its peel essential oil. Since some year, due to the positive feedback from consumers, there has been a growing interest in the bergamot juice which in the past was not used as a beverage because it was considered very sour. The recent studies on the functional aspects of citrus fruits and therefore also on bergamot have made this fruit known to a new youth. They exist three cultivars: Castagnaro, Fantastico and Femminello. In this study the biometrics of the fruits and the physico-chemical characteristics of the juice have been taken into consideration, such as: Brix degrees, pH, pulp content in the squeezed juice, turbidity, acidity, vitamin C, Formol number, single and total flavonoids. Total flavonoids in the bergamot juice ranged between 362 and 520 mg/L whereas in the Cloudy juice they ranged between 4660 and 8468 mg/L. The composition in fatty acids and in sterols of the seed oil of this fruit was also analysed to evaluate its potential. Oleic acid (30.15-34.36%) and linoleic acid (27.01-29.84%) were found in similar quantity, while the most present sterol was β-sitosterol (76.9-79.2%).

scholarly journals Social Relationships, Age and the Use of Preventive Health Services: Findings from the German Ageing Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bremer ◽  
Daniel Lüdecke ◽  
Olaf von dem Knesebeck
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Preventive Health Services ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Preventive Health Behavior

This paper investigates the associations between social relationships, age and the use of preventive health services among German adults. Data stem from the German Ageing Survey (10,324 respondents). The use of preventive health services was assessed by asking for regular use of flu vaccination and cancer screening in the past years. Predictors of interest were structural (having a partner, size of the social network) and functional aspects of social relationships (perceived informational support) and age. Logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between preventive health services use and these predictors. Self-perceived health, gender and education were considered as covariates. Having a partner (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.34) and perceived informational support (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13–1.69) were associated with a higher probability of getting flu vaccination regularly over the past years. Informational support (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17–1.72) and having a partner (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.41–1.75) were positively associated with regular cancer screening over the past years. Associations between the size of the social network and use of preventive health services were not statistically significant. Associations between the use of preventive health services and social relationships varied by age. Structural and functional aspects of social relationships may support preventive health behavior. To increase preventive health behavior and the use of preventive health services, it is necessary to integrate information on social relationships into routine care and to strengthen sources of social support.

scholarly journals PERMEABILITY PROPERTIES OF ERYTHROCYTE GHOSTS

1952 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Teorell
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Erythrocyte Ghosts ◽  
Ghost Cell ◽  
Osmotic Equilibrium ◽  
Ghost Cells ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Two Stages

1. Erythrocyte ghosts from human blood were produced by gentle water hemolysis. The ghost-containing hemolysate (about 20 mN) was added to media of different composition (KCl, NaCl, glucose, sucrose, etc.) and varying concentration ranging from 8 to 840 mN. The volume changes of the ghost cells were followed by a light absorption method. The potassium and sodium concentrations were also analyzed in some representative cases. 2. The ghosts shrank, or swelled, in two stages. An initial phase with a momentary expulsion, or uptake, of water leading to an osmotic equilibrium, was followed by a second phase in which a slow swelling or shrinking proceeded toward a final constant volume. 3. The ghosts were semipermeable in the sense that water always passed rapidly in either direction so as to maintain isotonicity with the external medium. The relation between ghost cell volumes (V) and the total concentration (Ce) of the suspension medium can be expressed by a modified van't Hoff-Mariotte law: (Ce + a)(V – b) = constant. Here a is a term correcting for an internal pressure and b is the non-solvent volume of the ghost cells. This means that the ghosts behave as perfect osmometers. 4. On the other hand appreciable concentration differences of the K and Na ions could be maintained across the intact ghost cell membranes for long periods. Whether this phenomenon is due simply to very low cation permeability or to active transport processes cannot be decided, although the first assumption appears more probable. 5. When the ghosts were treated with small concentrations of a lytic substance like Na oleate, the alkali ion transfer was greatly increased. This seems to be a simple exchange diffusion process with simultaneous, continued maintenance of osmotic equilibrium (= the second phase). A simplified theory is also given for the kinetics of the volume variations and ion exchange during the second phase (cf. the Appendix). 6. Miscellaneous observations on the effects of pH, and of some other substances are discussed. Some shape transformations of the ghost cells are also described.

scholarly journals Structural and functional aspects of cultured epididymal epithelial cells isolated from pubertal rats

Reproduction ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. White ◽  
Y.-S. Huang ◽  
L. L. Tres ◽  
A. L. Kierszenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Functional Aspects

scholarly journals Intestinal Epithelial Cells as a Source of Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W Stadnyk
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Cellular Infiltrate ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

The intestinal epithelium has long been known to provide nonspecific defences such as mucus, lysozyme and transport of secretory immunoglobulin via the polyimmunoglobulin receptor. In the past decade, the realization emerged that enterocytes secrete molecules (cytokines) that regulate inflammation. As the focus tightened on this new role as sentinel, so has the interest in enterocyte production of cytokines with chemoattractant properties for leukocytes – the chemokines. Neutrophils are a prominent feature of the cellular infiltrate in various inflammatory diseases, and early reports indicated that epithelial cells secrete neutrophil chemoattractants. More recently, it has been shown that the cells also secrete chemokines for monocytes and lymphocytes. Some of these chemokines appear to be important in the uninflamed intestine but become increased during disease. While a great deal of knowledge has been gained regarding the circumstances leading to chemokine production by epithelial cells, the application of this understanding to the treatment of human intestinal diseases is lacking. Closing this gap is necessary to take advantage of emerging therapies aimed at blocking chemokine function.

Regulation of Ion Transport by the NHERF Family of PDZ Proteins

Physiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirish Shenolikar ◽  
James W. Voltz ◽  
Rochelle Cunningham ◽  
Edward J. Weinman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Pdz Proteins ◽  
The Past

NHERFs are the best-studied apical PDZ proteins that are highly expressed in epithelial cells. Molecular and cellular studies over the past decade show that NHERFs regulate the targeting or trafficking of ion transporters and other membrane proteins and transduce physiological and pathophysiological signals that regulate ion homeostasis in mammals.

scholarly journals Canines and carnassials as indicators of sociality in durophagous hyaenids: analyzing the past to understand the present

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10541
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Pérez-Claros ◽  
Carlos Coca-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
The Past ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena ◽  
Multivariate Point

We analyzed the lower and upper dentition of the family Hyaenidae along its evolutionary history from a multivariate point of view. A total of 13,103 individual measurements of the lengths and widths of canines and the main post-canine teeth (lower third and fourth premolar, lower first molar, and upper second, third, and fourth premolars) were collected for 39 extinct and extant species of this family. We analyzed these measurements using principal component analyses. The multivariate structure characterized the main groups of previously defined hyaenid ecomorphs. Strikingly, our analyses also detected differences between social hunting durophages (such as Crocuta crocuta) and solitary scavengers (such as Hyaena hyaena or Parahyaena brunnea). Concerning the hyaenid bauplan, social hunters have large carnassials and smaller canines, whereas solitary scavengers show the exact opposite morphological adaptations. Additionally, scavengers exhibited upper canines larger than lower ones, whereas hunters have upper and lower canines of similar size. It is hypothesized that sociality has led to an increase in carnassial length for hunting durophages via scramble competition at feeding. Such competition also penalizes adults from bringing food to cubs, which are consequently breastfed. On the other hand, it is also hypothesized that natural selection has led to solitary scavengers having large canines to transport carcasses to cubs. Our results indicate that these functional aspects are also better reflected by lower teeth than the upper dentition, which leads to a mosaic evolution.

A Review of Influences on Sexual Fantasy: Attitudes, Experience, Guilt, and Gender

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chick ◽  
Steven R. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Sexual Fantasy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Sex Guilt ◽  
The Past ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
And Gender

The important role of sexual fantasy in human sexuality has received wide support in the past decade and a half. The initial interest in establishing fantasy's normality has shifted to examining the functional aspects of fantasy and the variables that influence it. The following article reviews variables that affect sexual fantasies including the role of an individual's personality/sexual attitude, sexual experience, sex guilt, and gender. Also, a hypothesized link between parental sexual attitudes and their children's fantasy production is explored. A variety of methods have been implemented to investigate fantasy and a number of these methods are critiqued and some possible methodological improvements are suggested. Finally, the similarity of findings across studies and methods seem to warrant expanding fantasy investigation to other areas and some future directions are suggested.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document