scholarly journals Investigação criminal e regime internacional de direitos humanos: em busca de um modelo internacional de investigação/Criminal investigation and international regime on human rights: seeking for an international model of criminal investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-644
Author(s):  
Ana Maura Tomesani Marques
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Regimes ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
No Production ◽  
International Regime ◽  
International Model

Este trabalho se propõe a averiguar a existência de acordos internacionais que orientem ou criem padrões para o trabalho de investigação criminal. A hipótese é de que estes acordos não existam e, na ausência deles, não há produção de manuais e referências claras que poderiam orientar e iluminar este trabalho. Esta atividade, importante elo de ligação entre cidadãos e justiça, estaria descoberta pelos atuais regimes internacionais, não encontrando respaldo nos documentos existentes. Estudos comparativos sobre investigação criminal existem em reduzidíssimo número e aqueles existentes evidenciam justamente o fato de que os procedimentos de investigação utilizados mundo afora são tão distintos que compará-los não é praticável do ponto de vista metodológico. Atualmente, quando comparamos as taxas de esclarecimento de crimes entre países, sabemos que podemos estar comparando unidades de análise distintas, já que os procedimentos que levam à autoria de um crime ao final de uma investigação podem variar muito de um país para outro. A existência de protocolos internacionais nesta área permitiria maior comparabilidade dos dados, facilitando o estabelecimento de patamares internacionais para o tratamento de suspeitos, para a validação de métodos investigativos e para a fixação de uma taxa aceitável de esclarecimento de crimes. Além disso, acordos internacionais neste campo contribuiriam fortemente para a solução local e transnacional de crimes, possibilitando uma colaboração mais profícua entre polícias.Palavras-chave: investigação criminal, segurança pública, direitos humanos, regimes internacionais.Abstract: This study aims to investigate the existence of international agreements in the field of human rights to guide and create standards for the criminal investigation work. The hypothesis is that these agreements do not exist and, in their absence, there is no production of manuals and clear references that could guide and illuminate this work. The existence of international protocols in this area would allow greater comparability of data, fostering international standards for the treatment of suspects and facilitating the validation of investigative methods and the establishment of an international acceptable rate of solving crime. Moreover, international agreements in this field strongly contribute to local and transnational solving crimes, enabling more fruitful collaboration between police forces.Key words: criminal investigation, public safety, human rights, international regimes.   DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n3p628-644

The Politics of International Regime Complexity

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Alter ◽  
Sophie Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Regimes ◽  
International Regime ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Election Monitoring ◽  
International Obligations

The increasing density of international regimes has contributed to the proliferation of overlap across agreements, conflicts among international obligations, and confusion regarding what international and bilateral obligations cover an issue. This symposium examines the consequences of this “international regime complexity” for subsequent politics. What analytical insights can be gained by thinking about any single agreement as being embedded in a larger web of international rules and regimes? Karen Alter and Sophie Meunier's introductory essay defines international regime complexity and identifies the mechanisms through which it may influence the politics of international cooperation. Short contributions analyze how international regime complexity affects politics in specific issue areas: trade (Christina Davis), linkages between human rights and trade (Emilie Hafner-Burton), intellectual property (Laurence Helfer), security politics (Stephanie Hofmann), refugee politics (Alexander Betts), and election monitoring (Judith Kelley). Daniel Drezner concludes by arguing that international regime complexity may well benefit the powerful more than others.

scholarly journals Present problems to the Right to Peaceful Public Assembly in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Gascón-Cuenca ◽  
Alejando Año-Ibiza ◽  
Marcos Diago-Sanz ◽  
Olga Lenzi ◽  
Lorena Mercader-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Standards ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

he Public Safety Organic Act 4/2015, also known as Spanish "gag law", has been harshly criticized by both national and international experts, and several worldwide institutions, due to the fact that it may be considered contrary to human rights and fundamental freedoms. This report focuses on the identification of the standards of protection of the right to peaceful public assembly and the challenges this new regulation poses to it. Therefore, we will cover the following areas: On the one hand, we shall analyze the Spanish legal framework, that includes the following: Article 21 of the Spanish Constitution, which offers a special protection to the right to peaceful public assembly. The constitutional standards of protection. The problem of the definition of this right. The case-law of the Constitutional Court, in order to identify the standards of protection set by it. Articles 513 and 557 of the Criminal Code. The Private Security Services Act, as it regulates some aspects that may interfere with fundamental rights, as the one we are studying in this report. Finally, we will analyze the regulation established by the new Public Safety Organic Act, entered into force in 2015, and also the Peaceful Public Assembly Regulatory Act. On the other hand, we will research into the international standards of protection of the right to peaceful public assembly, which are mainly settled in three international legal instruments: The Human Rights Council, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the European Convention on Humans Rights, and its case-law. Finally, we shall conclude this report with a critical approach to the new regulation established by the Public Safety Organic Act, as we consider it precludes the standards of protection we will identify throughout the report.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

La desaparición forzada de los normalistas de Ayotzinapa. Una tragedia para reflexionar desde la óptica del sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos

2018 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Pietro Sferrazza Taibi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Precautionary Measures

ResumenLa desaparición forzada de los estudiantes normalistas ocurrida en septiembre de 2014 en las cercanías de la localidad mexicana de Ayotzinapa es una tragedia que, además de captar la atención de la prensa internacional, ha activado el funcionamiento de algunos mecanismos del sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos. Este trabajo pretende analizar de qué manera la creación del Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes (GIEI) puede incidir en la determinación de la responsabilidad internacional del Estado Mexicano por el incumplimiento de los estándares internacionales interamericanos sobre prevención, investigación y sanción de la desaparición forzada. En aquel sentido, este trabajo se dividirá en tres secciones. En la primera de ellas se describirán brevemente los hechos, a fin de demarcar el contexto fáctico a partir del cual se reflexionará. La segunda sección hará referencia a la creación del GIEI en el marco de las medidas cautelares adoptadas por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Comisión IDH) en este caso. En la tercera y última sección, se valorará si las obligaciones generales de respeto y garantía han sido vulneradas en este caso, centrando el foco de atención en los deberes específcos de prevención e investigación.Palabras clave: Ayotzinapa; Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes; Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos; desaparición forzada.ResumoO desaparecimento forçado de estudantes normalistas acontecida em setembro de 2014 perto da cidade mexicana de Ayotzinapa é uma tragédia que, além de capturar a atenção da imprensa internacional, permitiu o funcionamento de determinados mecanismos do sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos. Este trabalho pretende analisar de que forma a criação do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Peritos Independentes (GIEI) podem afetar na determinação da responsabilidade internacional do Estado Mexicano pelo incumprimento dos padrões internacionais interamericanos sobre a prevenção, investigação e punição de desaparecimento forçado. Nesse sentido, este trabalho será dividido em três seções. No primeiro deles, os fatos serão brevemente descritos, a fm de demarcar o contexto factual a partir do qual será refletido. A segunda seção referirá a criação do GIEI no marco das medidas cautelaresadotadas pela Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Comissão IDH) no presente caso. Na terceira e última seção, vai ser valorado se as obrigações gerais de respeito e garantia foram vulneradas neste caso, centrando o foco de atenção nos deveres específcos de prevenção e investigação.Palavras-chave: Ayotzinapa; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Peritos Independentes; Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos; desaparecimento forçado.AbstractThe forced disappearance of the students of the rural teachers’ college in September of 2014 in the surroundings of the Mexican town of Ayotzinapa is a tragedy that, besides capturing the attention of the international press, has activated the functioning of some mechanisms of the Inter-American Human Rights Protection System. This work aims to analyze in which ways the creation of the Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts (GIEI) can underscore the determination of the international responsibility of the Mexican State for the non-compliance of the Inter-American international standards on prevention, investigation and punishment of the enforced disappearance. In that sense, this paper will be divided in three sections. The frst one will briefly describe the facts, to demarcate the factual circumstances from which it will be reflected. The second section will address the creation of the GIEI within the framework of the precautionary measures adopted by the Inter-American Commissionof Human Rights (IACHR) in this matter. The third and last section will evaluate whether the general obligations to respect and ensure human rights have been violated in this case, focusing on the specifc duties of prevention and investigation.Keywords: Ayotzinapa, Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts, Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, forced disappearance.

Reconciling Rights and Obligations

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 140-172
Author(s):  
Pernille Ironside
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Common Law ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Law System ◽  
Constitutional Legality ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Criminal Matters

This article examines the debate concerning the recent reinstatement of Shari`ah law with respect to criminal matters in Northern Nigeria. The discussion explores the inherent challenges in reconciling the equally entrenched and passionate views of pro-Shari`ah supporters on their right to freedom of religion with those that question its application in terms of human rights norms and obligations, and its constitutional legality. The analysis concludes that Shari`ah laws can coexist with Nigeria’s common law system and remain relevant in the context of Islam, provided that its principles are adapted and modernized to comport with international standards for due process and are interpreted and applied consistently.

The Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers: Unfinished Business

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved P. Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
International Regime ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
International Convention ◽  
International Human

The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families reflects a compromise between guaranteeing migrants international human rights and acknowledging state sovereignty. Notwithstanding a laudable attempt to provide in the Convention a comprehensive international regime for the protection of the migrant workers, the Convention is not an unmixed blessing. To illustrate, while the Convention creates new rights, it also limits some rights migrant workers already had under existing international human rights instruments. Also, the Convention's terminology and language suffer from ambiguities and are likely to cause uncertainty due to varying interpretations.

Holding Companies Responsible? The Criminal Liability of Australian Corporations for Extraterritorial Human Rights Violations

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Ivory ◽  
Anna John
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Corporate Misconduct ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Guiding Principles

Allegations of extraterritorial corporate misconduct illustrate the global dimensions of Australia’s challenge to implement the United Nations (‘UN’) Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (‘Guiding Principles’).In the mid-1990s, companies in the BHP Billiton group faced claims that they had polluted a river in Papua New Guinea, thereby causing damage to the customary lands and livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples.Less than a decade later, the Australian Federal Police commenced a criminal investigation against an Australian-Canadian joint venture for alleged support of government violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Dynamics of International Law in a Globalised World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Herdegen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Global Spread

In the process of globalisation, international law plays a crucial and ambivalent role. It is one of the driving forces behind the integration of markets, expanding standards of human rights and good governance as well as mechanisms for international peace and security. International law also responds to a globalised world which catalyses not only universal ethics, but also the global spread of risks to political and economic stability. "Evolutive interpretation" of international agreements affects traditional concepts of sovereignty and democratic legitimacy. It enhances the power of technocratic elites. At the same time, we witness an intensive interplay between the different sectors of international law; new layers of 'hard' and 'soft' normativity as well as intriguing forms of legal pluralism.

scholarly journals Freedom of Expression in Malaysia: Compatibility with the International Human Rights Standard

BESTUUR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Saidah Fasihah Binti Che Yussoff ◽  
Rohaida Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Right ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
International Human

<p>Malaysia is likely to introduce new laws on freedom of information. However, the important questions are whether the said laws are effective and will have enough bite with the public looking forward to opening government policy. Freedom of information has developed under international human rights law as the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive and impart knowledge and ideas through media, regardless of any frontier. This paper aims to examine freedom of expression under the international realm, scrutinize the said freedom in the Malaysian legal framework, and discuss the proposed enactment of freedom of information laws in Malaysia in conformity with international human rights law. This research uses the qualitative research method. This paper concludes that freedom of information in Malaysia is severely impeded by the enforcement of the Official Secret Act. This paper calls for the repeal or amendment to the Act in conformity with international standards.  </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Expression; Freedom; Expression; Human Right.</p>

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