scholarly journals Face da Revolução

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Lincoln Secco
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Considerations

The article presents methodological considerations about the role of Auguste Blanqui in the invasion of the assembly by a unarmed crowd in May 15, 1848 in France.    

Maternal Perception of Infants’ Expressions of Emotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krippl ◽  
Stephanie Ast-Scheitenberger ◽  
Ina Bovenschen ◽  
Gottfried Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Startle Amplitude ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Opponent Process ◽  
Opponent Process Theory ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In light of Lang’s differentiation of the aversive and the approach system – and assumptions stemming from attachment theory – this study investigates the role of the approach or caregiving system for processing infant emotional stimuli by comparing IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and videos. IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and infant videos of positive, neutral, or negative content were presented to 69 mothers, accompanied by randomized startle probes. The assessment of emotional responses included subjective ratings of valence and arousal, corrugator activity, the startle amplitude, and electrodermal activity. In line with Lang’s original conception, the typical startle response pattern was found for IAPS pictures, whereas no startle modulation was observed for infant pictures. Moreover, the startle amplitudes during negative video scenes depicting crying infants were reduced. The results are discussed with respect to several theoretical and methodological considerations, including Lang’s theory, emotion regulation, opponent process theory, and the parental caregiving system.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

HISTORIAN ON SOCIAL NETWORKS: SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Vasily Syrov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
And Function

The article discusses some of the research findings related to the topic of the place and function of histori-ans on social networks. The main attention is paid to identifying the role of web technologies in the con-ventional practices of creating historical knowledge creation of historical knowledge. It is emphasized that the thesis about blurring the boundaries between the professional community and users in general does not mean rejection of the recognition of the decisive role of the professional community in the production of knowledge. The ways and methods of historians' actions in social networks and their advantages over traditional methods of knowledge production are revealed.

Methodological Considerations on the Role of Experience in Comparative Theology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Comparative Theology ◽  
Textual Studies ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Attention To Detail

Emma O’Donnell explores the implications of the fact that comparative theology primarily based in textual studies has to date been the norm in comparative theology. While textual study tends to be central to most theological work and has provided strong foundations for comparative theology too, the operative intellectual virtues—close attention to detail, reflective and patient learning, openness to change—can also be taken outside the text, so to speak, in order to pave the way for a new methodology attuned to the richer and living contexts in which texts are composed, read, and lived. Accordingly, O’Donnell explores the possibility of comparative theological work grounded in the experiential elements of faith. A comparative study of religious experience, for instance, has the capacity to bring to light specific aspects of interreligious relationships such as will not be evident simply through textual study.

A Balanced Paradigm of Crime Control: Programmatic and Methodological Considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-314
Author(s):  
Yuval Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Bryan Vila's general paradigm for understanding criminal behavior focuses on the role of developmental factors in determining motivation for crime (1994:338). In his recent proposal in PLS, Vila states that criminality is “a predisposition that disproportionately favors criminal behavior” (1997:4). He suggests, further, that there always are some people who are motivated to use force, fraud, or stealth to obtain resources: either to make the best out of a bad situation, or to take advantage of a good situation. That is, some individuals have competitive advantages over others within a particular niche….(1997:8)

The Role of State Policy in Ensuring Access, Achievement, and Attainment in Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dean Ward ◽  
William G. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
State Policies ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Policy Framing ◽  
New Information ◽  
Postsecondary Access ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This volume focuses on the importance of state policy for ensuring equity in postsecondary access, achievement, and attainment. America has a federalist system of education that gives states significant autonomy in their governance of schools, colleges, and universities. This system has created significant variation across states; variation that provides opportunities for state governments to learn from one another. This volume underscores the importance of context and uses differentiation across state lines to highlight the roles internal and external factors play in policy development and issues pertaining to postsecondary access, achievement, and attainment. This collection of papers includes a diverse set of theoretical and methodological approaches to address a range of topics that makes clear the scope and importance of a multitude of state policies. This volume will serve as a source of new information regarding state policies that will be useful for policymakers and researchers alike. It is also suggests important new avenues for research that focus on theoretical and methodological considerations as well as topical areas including funding, accountability, transparency, and policy framing.

Self-Reward and External Reward: Methodological Considerations and Contingency Instructions

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Tirrell ◽  
Michael K. Mount ◽  
Norman A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Speed Reading ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
External Reward ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Informed Group

In light of inconsistent procedures and results found in past studies comparing self-reward and external reward, the present study examined the dimensions of self-reward as a self-controlling response and the role of contingency instructions in external reward. Four groups of 10 subjects each who had indicated interest in increasing their reading speed repeatedly practiced a 1-min. speed reading exercise. Subjects in the self-reward group engaged in low probability behaviors which involved persistence and goal-oriented behaviors; and the reward used freely available stimuli which were self-selected, self-managed, and self-administered. The externally rewarded and contingency-informed group increased reading speed more than all other treatments. The self-rewarded group was marginally greater than an externally rewarded and contingency uninformed group and a performance feedback control group. No difference was found between the control group and the externally rewarded and contingency-uninformed group.

scholarly journals Leaving peace for war: An exploratory study of Swiss men’s trajectories toward engagement in Arab conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ajil
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Depth Interviews

While the issue of foreign fighting has been very present in Swiss public discourse in recent years, little is known about the actual trajectories of young men who engage in this particular form of political violence. Based primarily on face-to-face in-depth interviews with four Swiss male nationals who travelled to conflict zones in the Arab World, the present analysis offers insights into the first phases of violent engagement, by investigating elements related to grievance formation such as collective memory and moral shocks, and elements facilitating violent action, such as legal cynicism. Further, the role of combat masculinity, a set of values providing guidance on behaviours and attitudes to be adopted in the face of injustice, is explored. Methodological considerations and some implications for policymaking are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Self-Protective Behavior

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop van der Pligt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Most models of health-related behaviors are based on the assumption that people estimate the seriousness of a risk, evaluate the costs and benefits of action, and then select a course of action that will maximize their expected outcome. Risk refers to the possibility of loss and is generally conceived as consisting of two components: the probability and the severity of negative outcomes. This article focuses on the probability component. First the role of perceived risk in models of health-behavior will be discussed. Possible biases in risk-perception and the role of perceived risk as a determinant of protective behavior are the next issue. This is followed by some methodological considerations about how to measure perceived risk and investigate its role as a behavioral determinant. Next we turn to optimistic biases in comparative risk appraisal and briefly discuss both antecedents and consequences of optimism. Finally we discuss some implications of these findings for programs aiming to change health-related behavior and increase protective action.

Language Attitudes in a Lingua Franca: The Case of Black South African College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 0261927X2095190
Author(s):  
Pedro Álvarez-Mosquera ◽  
Alejandro Marín-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
African Students ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In a context of transformation where South African students have started to confront issues of alienation and access to higher education institutions, the role of language is not a minor issue. This study explores the implicit language attitudes of a sample of 80 young L1 South African indigenous language speakers toward Standard South African English and black accented English in a university context. In using a mixed-methodological approach that investigates the interrelation between participants’ Implicit Association Test (IAT) results toward the two selected accents and their linguistic background, language exposure, and social distance levels, this study found mixed results with important sociolinguistic implications. More specifically, the notion of intersectionality (race and gender), the relevant role of the language of instruction in the development of language attitudes, and further correlations between the above-mentioned sociolinguistic variables provided valuable insight with significant social implications as well as methodological considerations.

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