scholarly journals “Sasha Is Drawing a Rocket and Borya Is Drawing a Candy…”: Space Representation in Soviet Magazines for Children in the Late 1950s–1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
А.И. Ермолова
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Concept Space ◽  
Children's Magazines ◽  
May Day ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Symbolic Content ◽  
Visual Materials

На основе изучения содержания детских журналов «Веселые картинки» и «Мурзилка», выходивших в период конца 1950–1960-х гг. и ориентированных на дошкольников и младших школьников (примерно 5-12 лет), рассматривается, как репрезентировался «космос», под которым понимается образно-содержательный конструкт, включающий смысловое и символическое наполнение и визуализирующийся при помощи типичных космических атрибутов. Цель исследования – выявление сюжетов, способов и образов, использующихся советской пропагандой при обращении к юному читателю. Делается вывод о том, что «космос» – очень удачный идеологический и политический конструкт, содержательное и образное наполнение которого выстраивалось в соответствии с принятой в СССР воспитательной моделью. Детские журналы через свой контент о «космосе» пытались развивать в детях такие качества, как любовь к Родине, безоговорочная вера в ее успехи и достижения, прилежная учеба и трудолюбие. The aim of the article is to reveal the plots, methods and images Soviet propaganda used when addressing young readers in the representing of the concept “space” in children's magazines of the late 1950s–1960s. The author gives her definition of the term “space”, which up to now has not been clearly conceptualized. Thus, “space” is a figurative-meaningful construct with semantic and symbolic content, visualized using typical cosmic attributes. The key resources for the article are Soviet magazines Murzilkaand Vesyolye Kartinki for children from five to twelve years old. The main content of these magazines is color illustrations, short poems and stories. Looking through children’s magazines, the author first looked for visual markers of “space”: rockets, cosmonaut, spacesuit, moon, stars, etc. If they were absent, she carefully examined the meaning of the textual content of the page, if any. As a result, the text and visual materials were included in the total sample for analysis. The author systematized the materials based on the three grounds of the topic of space: storylines and heroes, methods of representation, visualization. There are three main characters most often found in children’s magazines: a child, the Moon, space. The plots around these characters have two main lines: (1) every Soviet child dreams of becoming a cosmonaut, but for this, s/he needs to study well and be hardworking; (2) only such a great country as the USSR could achieve success in conquering space. The most common way of representing “space” was color pictures and illustrations (cosmonauts at the May Day demonstration, a rocket is approaching the moon, etc.). Poems, riddles, fairy tales or short stories about space was the second popular way. Science notes about how a rocket takes off, how a cosmonaut feels in zero gravity, etc. were published. In addition, game formats were offered for children – to glue a rocket out of paper or draw a suit for a cosmonaut, etc. Children sent their own drawings about space to the magazines. Most often, the image of a rocket was used in space visualization. Portraits of cosmonauts (Gagarin, Titov, and Tereshkova) were also often used. The following conclusion has been made. Visual images, forms and ways of presenting “space” to children in the magazines Murzilka and Vesyolye Kartinki shows that “space” has become a successful ideological construct that reflects the basic principles in accordance with which the educational model was built in the USSR. Children’s magazines tried to develop in children such qualities as love for their country, unconditional faith in its successes and achievements, desire for good studies and hard work.

Folklore and Mythological Symbolism of Lunar Images in the Poetry of Vasyl Holoborodko

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
World Culture ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Individual Perception

The article considers the interpretation of the lunar symbols of V. Goloborodko's poetry in the folklore and mythological context. The poetry of this representative of the Kyiv School is analyzed in line with mythological representations of both world culture and ethno-national mental principles. The mythological thinking of the artist is represented through the verbal poetical system of images, axiology and ontology concepts, etc. The article establishes that, in the interpretation of the lunar mythology, V. Holoborodko refers to fairy tales, fantasy elements, folk symbols, magical and ritual actions, transfigurative metamorphoses, etc. The simile metaphors in the author's artistic texts are decoded through explanations of the author's individual cosmology. It is determined that the lunar symbols in the poetry of the "Kyiv man" are capable of transforming into objects, can float in water, magically affect nature and man, health and vigor, interact with spirits, dryads, mermaids, transform into a sensual image. In the poems by V. Golobolrodko, the symbol of the Moon is used in the texts that are stylized as folklore (fairy tales, legends, rituals, spells, etc.). Irrational perception of the image of the Night Orb becomes the basis for modeling the myth-poetic world picture of the representative of the Kiev School of Poetry. The paper proves that the myth-making of any writer is implemented through the ethno-mental foundations of the worldview, the archaic genomes of humanity, folk-poetic components, the collective subconscious and the empirical personal experience of the artist. Particular sensual images in poetic works operate in line with ancient ideas and beliefs, analytical and visual cogitative process, individual perception of concepts and the surrounding reality, specific emotional state. Lunar symbols in the poetry of V. Holoborodko are interpreted in conjunction with other verbal poetic images traditionally inherent in Ukrainian folklore.

Perceptual-Motor Attributes of Mental Retardates: A Factor Analytic Study

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate L. Neeman
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Developmental Factor ◽  
Similar Factor ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Factor C

19 items of the Purdue Perceptual-motor Survey were administered to 99 mentally retarded children and young adults of mean IQ 52.3. Factor analyses of the item scores of the total sample, and of a subgroup of 66 non-mongoloid Ss, led to the definition of 7 factors: A, postural dimensionality; B, shoulder-arm movement factor; C, laterality; D, ocular control; E, intelligence; F, developmental factor; and G, possibly cultural sex bias factor. Similar factor structures emerged for the total sample, and for the non-mongoloid subgroup, with the exception of Factor E, intelligence. The results generally agree with previous correlational analyses of comparable samples and tend to support the construct validity of the Purdue Perceptual-motor Survey methodology as applied to the mentally retarded.

scholarly journals The level of satisfaction among orthodontic removable appliances patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Nadhirah Kamaludin Latifi ◽  
Ida Ayu Evangelina ◽  
Sri Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Removable Appliances ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is like many other psychological concepts, it is easy to understand but hard to define. The concept of satisfaction overlaps with similar themes such as happiness, contentment, and quality of life. Satisfaction is not some pre-existing phenomenon waiting to be measured, but a judgment that people form over time as they reflect on their experience. A simple and practical definition of satisfaction would be the degree to which desired goals have been achieved. Methods: The type of this research is descriptive with survey methode. Data is collected through questionnaire with the total sample of 150 respondents. The study population was based on accidental sampling, by which the sample was selected depending on who came to Orthodontic Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD, Bandung by the researcher during the period of the research. Results: The data is then analyzed using Community Satisfaction Index (Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat) or IKM that which shows that 13 out of 14 indicators are still in B grade and overall IKM value of 7.90%, which means that the level of satisfaction has yet not met the expectation among removable appliances patients in Orthodontic Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD, Bandung. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction among removable appliances patients 0rthodontic are still have not met the patients’ expectation.

scholarly journals The first dinosaur egg remains a mystery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Legendre ◽  
David Rubilar-Rogers ◽  
Alexander O. Vargas ◽  
Julia A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Methods ◽  
Prismatic Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dinosaur Eggs ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Continuous Character ◽  
Reptile Egg

AbstractA recent study by Norell et al. (2020) described new egg specimens for two dinosaur species, identified as the first soft-shelled dinosaur eggs. The authors used phylogenetic comparative methods to reconstruct eggshell type in a sample of reptiles, and identified the eggs of dinosaurs and archosaurs as ancestrally soft-shelled, with three independent acquisitions of a hard eggshell among dinosaurs. This result contradicts previous hypotheses of hard-shelled eggs as ancestral to archosaurs and dinosaurs. Here we estimate the ancestral condition for dinosaur and archosaur eggs by reanalyzing the original data from Norell et al. and that from a recent study on reptile eggshells (Legendre et al., 2020) with the addition of these new dinosaur specimens. We show that the recovery of dinosaur eggs as ancestrally soft-shelled is conditioned by the discretization of a continuous character (eggshell thickness), the exclusion of turtle outgroups from the original sample, and a lack of branch length information. When using a larger sample, calibrated trees, and a definition of hard-shelled eggs referencing their unique prismatic structure, we recover dinosaur and archosaur eggs as either hard-shelled or uncertain (i.e. equal probability for hard- and soft-shelled). This remaining ambiguity is due to uncertainty in the assessment of eggshell type in two dinosaur species, i.e. ∼1% of the total sample. We conclude that more reptile egg specimens and a strict comparative framework are necessary to decipher the evolution of dinosaur eggs in a phylogenetic context.

scholarly journals Innovative start-ups and young entrepreneurs: Definition of venture capital and findings from Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Simon Zaby
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Start Ups

This paper aims to investigate success factors of innovative start-up firms from the perspective of young start-up managers. Which key factors did they experience before and since the foundation of their company? The experience from the quite young Swiss start-up scene pro-vides important insights to entrepreneurs and policy-makers in emerging countries that cur-rently face the necessity of building up a start-up environment. One part of the data has been collected by the author, the other part originates from the Swiss Venture Capital Database (total sample size: 306). The results show a significant role of venture capital financing for the success of innovative start-ups. Interestingly, this is to some extent because the start-ups see various additional benefits from venture capitalists involved in their firm. Thus, the findings shed new light on a proper definition of venture capital that should not solely focus on the flow of funds.

Drawing Down the Moon: Defining Magic in the Ancient Greco­Roman World

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Radcliffe G. Edmonds III
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

This introductory chapter provides a definition of magic. One of the most useful adjustments in the recent scholarship on magic has been the turn to considering magic as a dynamic social construct, instead of some particular reality. Magic is not a thing, but a way of talking. Thus, magic is a discourse pertaining to non-normative ritualized activity, in which the deviation from the norm is most often marked in terms of the perceived efficacy of the act, the familiarity of the performance within the cultural tradition, the ends for which the act is performed, or the social location of the performer. Such a discourse always has a history, since such a way of talking about things shifts over time as different people do the talking. When one speaks of “magic,” therefore, one should always explain: “magic for whom?” Any specific piece of evidence from the ancient Greco-Roman world provides an example of magic for that particular person, from one particular perspective. To speak of “magic in the ancient Greco-Roman world” is thus to refer to the whole range of things that various people in those cultures during those times could label as “magic.” The chapter then considers the act of drawing down the moon.

scholarly journals No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in Rome (Italy) during the Pre-Pandemic Period: Results of a Retrospective Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8461
Author(s):  
Carlo Capalbo ◽  
Enrico Bertamino ◽  
Alessandro Zerbetto ◽  
Iolanda Santino ◽  
Andrea Petrucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 outbreak recorded over the previous months could be characterized as a pandemic. The first known Italian SARS-CoV-2 positive case was reported on 21 February. In some countries, cases of suspected “COVID-19-like pneumonia” had been reported earlier than those officially accepted by health authorities. This has led many investigators to check preserved biological or environmental samples to see whether the virus was detectable on dates prior to those officially stated. With regard to Italy, the results of a microbiological screening in sewage samples collected between the end of February and the beginning of April 2020 from wastewaters in Milan (Northern Italy) and Rome (Central Italy) showed presence of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we evaluated, by means of a standardized diagnostic method, the SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence amongst patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARI) in an academic hospital located in Central Italy during the period of 1 November 2019–1 March 2020. Overall, the number of emergency room (ER) visits during the investigated period was 13,843. Of these, 1208 had an influenza-like syndrome, but only 166 matched the definition of SARI as stated in the study protocol. A total of 52 SARI cases were laboratory confirmed as influenza: 26 as a type B virus, 25 as a type A, and 1 as both viruses. Although about 17% of the total sample had laboratory or radiological data compatible with COVID-19, all the nasopharyngeal swabs stored underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and tested negative. Based on our result, it is confirmed that the COVID-19 pandemic spread did not start prior to the “official” onset in central Italy. Routine monitoring of SARI causative agents at the local level is critical for reporting epidemiologic and etiologic trends that may differ from one country to another and also among different influenza seasons. This has a practical impact on prevention and control strategies.

Study of ten anatomical variants of the foot and ankle

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Chaney ◽  
MS Lee ◽  
MA Khan ◽  
WA Krueger ◽  
VJ Mandracchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Anatomical Variants ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Physician Awareness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
The University

This study examined the occurrence rate of ten lower extremity anatomical variants occurring over a 6-year period from 1988 to 1994 in a sample range of 166 to 279 cadavers at the University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences. Literature review of these anomalies shows similar findings for all presented structures with the exception of two. The peroneus quartus muscle was found to be significantly less prevalent than previous studies have indicated. This difference may be attributed to the larger sample size used in this study or differences of interpretation of the definition of the peroneus quartus muscle. Additionally, the flexor digitorum brevis tendon to the fifth digit was found to be absent much more than Sarrafian reports in a total sample size of 926. The importance of these anatomical variants, both in surgery and while using advanced diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, should be realized by the podiatric physician. Awareness of these variants will decrease confusion when considering treatment options.

A LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL REPRESENTATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA

1994 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH L. BREEDEN ◽  
NORMAN H. PACKARD
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Optimality Criterion ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Optimal Representation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Tool

We have developed a procedure for finding optimal representations of experimental data. Criteria for optimality vary according to context; an optimal state space representation will be one that best suits one’s stated goal for reconstruction. We consider an ∞-dimensional set of possible reconstruction coordinate systems that include time delays, derivatives, and many other possible coordinates; and any optimality criterion is specified as a real valued functional on this space. We present a method for finding the optima using a learning algorithm based upon the genetic algorithm and evolutionary programming. The learning algorithm machinery for finding optimal representations is independent of the definition of optimality, and thus provides a general tool useful in a wide variety of contexts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document