scholarly journals Rule of Love and Rule of Faith in Augustine’s Hermeneutics: A Complex Dialectic of the Twofold Rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Steven Yong
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Rule Of Faith ◽  
Good Samaritan ◽  
De Doctrina Christiana ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation

Since the sixteenth-century Reformation, literal interpretation of the Bible has been deemed the best hermeneutical method to unearth the biblical writers’ original meaning. For the Reformers, allegorical interpretation was denigrated for reading an extraneous, or spiritual, meaning into any text. Although Augustine was among the first who champions a literal interpretation of the Scripture—as he outlined in his De doctrina christiana—until recent decades, Augustine is still being perceived as inconsistent in following his hermeneutical method as it is attested in his interpretation of the Good Samaritan. In his interpretation, Augustine seems to have allegorized the parable, thus his method was accused of being inconsistent. Is it really the case? This article attempts to contest such an accusation by showing that Augustine’s method of interpretation cannot simply be categorized as either entirely literal or allegorical. Augustine never professes as a literalist, an exegete who only applies what is now known as a historical-critical method. On the other hand, he did not recklessly legitimate the application of allegorical reading to any text. Taken as a whole, Augustine’s hermeneutics revolves around a complex dialectic of regula dilectionis (the rule of love) and regula fidei (the rule of faith) that allows both interpretations to be considered to be true.

scholarly journals Literal in contrast to alegorical interpretation: History versus myth

2018 ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Rodoljub Kubat
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Theodore Of Mopsuestia ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation

Allegoresis as an exegetical method originated within Hellenistic schools of philosophy, and it expressed the Hellenistic thought to a great extent. First interpreters of the Bible who started using allegorical interpretation were the Hellenized Jews - Aristobulos and Philo of Alexandria. Later Christian interpreters followed in their footsteps, especially the representatives of the Alexadrian School, of whom the most notable is Origen. Biblical interpreters were faced with the problem of relation between the literal and the allegorical interpretation from the very beginning. The source of that problem was the Christian understanding of history, namely, the belief that God has really revealed Himself in history. Denial of text?s historical meaning deprived the formative events of faith of any meaning. On the other side, the sole view of the history as series of events from the past which have no deeper meaning led exegesis to sterile literalism. Tensions between the literal interpretation and the allegoresis escalated particularly in the 4th century when Emperor Julian the Apostate tried to revive Hellenistic paganism. In order to revive old myths, he made use of allegoresis. In polemic writings against the Christians he also emphasized that the Bible has to be understood allegorically. Prominent Christian theologians then arose against allegorical interpretation, seeing in it as a serious threat for the correct understanding of the Scripture. In that exegetical battle, the most notable were: Basilius the Great, Diodoros of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia. In this paper we will take a look at that exact moment in history.

Spiritualism in Raymond Carver’s Work

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Viola Kita
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Raymond Carver ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Christian Writer ◽  
Spiritual Reading ◽  
Insight Into

Raymond Carver’s work provides the opportunity for a spiritual reading. The article that offers the greatest insight into spirituality is William Stull’s “Beyond Hopelessville: Another Side of Raymond Carver.” In it we can notice the darkness which is dominant in Carver’s early works with the optimism that is an essential part of Carver’s work “Cathedral”. A careful reading of “A Small Good Thing” and “The Bath” can give the idea that they are based on the allegory of spiritual rebirth which can be interpreted as a “symbol of Resurrection”. Despite Stull’s insisting in Carver’s stories allusions based on the Bible, it cannot be proved that the writer has made use of Christian imagery. Therefore, it can be concluded that spirituality in Carver’s work is one of the most confusing topics so far in the literary world because on one hand literary critics find a lot of biblical elements and on the other hand Carver himself refuses to be analyzed as a Christian writer.

Education and Learning at a Medieval English Cathedral: Exeter 1380–1548

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Orme
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

During the last hundred years our knowledge of the educational institutions of medieval England has steadily increased, both of schools and universities. We know a good deal about what they taught, how they were organised and where they were sited. The next stage is to identify their relationship with the society which they existed to serve. Whom did they train, to what standards and for what ends? These questions pose problems. They cannot be answered from the constitutional and curricular records which tell us about the structure of educational institutions. Instead, they require a knowledge of the people—the pupils and scholars—who went to the medieval schools and universities. We need to recover their names, to compile their biographies and thereby to establish their origins, careers and attainments. If this can be done on a large enough scale, the impact of education on society will become clearer. In the case of the universities, the materials for this task are available and well known. Thanks to the late Dr A. B. Emden, most of the surviving names of the alumni of Oxford and Cambridge have been collected and published, together with a great many biographical records about them. For the schools, on the other hand, where most boys had their literary education if they had one at all, such data are not available. Except for Winchester and Eton, we do not possess lists of the pupils of schools until the middle of the sixteenth century, and there is no way to remedy the deficiency.

scholarly journals Translating The Disaster of Mourice Blanchot Between Ann Smock and Azzedine Chentouf

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Soufiane Laachiri
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Other Hand

The present article attempts to present a succinct and circumspect comparison between two different translations for Mourice Blanchot’s book « L’écriture du désastre ».The first translation was performed by Ann Smock in 1995 and was from French into English, while the other translation was skillfully produced by Azzedine Chentouf from French into Arabic in 2018. The contrast in attitudes and translational fertilization has provided us with ample opportunities to study, reflect on, and rethink the nexus of  Blanchot’s philosophy from different linguistic perspectives. However, in our attempt to formulate our judgments on the English and Arabic versions of the book, we can judge by an escapable logic and with analytical evidence that the English translation entitled « The writing of the disaster » has intensified the hold of a literal translation that makes the chances of being close to the original meaning of the source text depressingly small. Chentouf’s translation, on the other hand, remains profoundly meaningful; it is capable of going down into the marrow of  Blanchot’s thought to assert understanding of his intellectual complexities. In brief, despite the triviality of the advanced examples, we are certain that Azzedine Chentouf, through his Arabic translation, knows the hard philosophical portrait of Mourice Blanchot in its inclusiveness. Therefore, it is no surprise that every choice he makes in this translation explains his tremendous efforts as a philosopher first before being ranked as a translator.

Hierarchy and Heredity

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Modern France ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Modern France

Families were fundamental to social hierarchy in early modern France. Birth was widely accepted to indicate one’s divinely ordained social status, even if that view was not universal—in practice, some freedom was allowed for individuals to improve their status (especially among certain social groups) or indeed to worsen it. Certainly, the relation of birth to social status varied. It had a changing history even in respect of the nobility, which could be entered by routes other than birth. But birth was primordial at all levels of society, and for the nobility it became even more so in France in the second half of the sixteenth century and in the seventeenth. It was widely believed that the members of a given noble family shared their own, generally superior, instantiation of human nature. On the other hand, heredity was widely believed to predispose commoners too in certain directions.

The Mughals, the Sufi Shaikhs and the Formation of the Akbari Dispensation

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUZAFFAR ALAM
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Central Asian

AbstractThis essay places Mughal–Sufi relationship within a larger sixteenth century context, focusing on the strategies the early Mughals adopted to build their power in India. It reviews the positions of the two important sufi groups, the Indian Chishtis and the Central Asian Naqshbandis, juxtaposing the political benefits or the loss that the Mughals saw in their associations with them. While the Naqshbandi worldview and the legacy of the legendary Ubaid Allah Ahrar clashed with their vision of power, in the Chishti ideology, on the other hand, they found a strong support for themselves. The Chishtis then had an edge at the time of Akbar. But the Naqshbandis under Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1603) continued in their endeavour to reinstate their place in Mughal India. The paper thus provides a backdrop and makes a plea for re-evaluating the debate on the ideology and politics of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624).

Intimations of Immortality in the Thought of Jesus: The Ingersoll Lecture for 1959

1960 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Henry J. Cadbury
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Immortality Of The Soul ◽  
Technical Terms

The historic Ingersoll lectureship on the Immortality of Man requires of the lecturer both some legitimate extension of its terms and some necessary limitation of his field. One is justified in supposing that the pious layman who planned the foundation was not thinking in highly technical terms, but like laymen of our day was thinking of a widely shared belief in the post mortem survival or revival of those who die. If he had wished to specify the indiscriminate persistence of the individual as a philosophical tenet of the nature of man, he could well have used the more familiar term — the immortality of the soul. On the other hand, if he had wished to be faithful to the wording of much of the Bible and to the Church's creeds, he would have spoken of the Resurrection of the Dead.

scholarly journals Orygenes i hebrajski tekst Pisma Świętego

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
Janusz Królikowski
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Hebrew Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hebrew Version ◽  
The One ◽  
Christian Writer ◽  
The Church

Origen is the exegete and Old Christian writer whose influence on the under­standing of the Bible has always been determinative. Undoubtedly, for ecclesiasti­cal reasons he deemed the Septuagint superior and regarded it as the Christian Old Testament. He thought highly of Hebrew text as well, which he often used for his research. An expression of this belief was among others the Hexapla worked out by Origen, which can be regarded as an exceptional manifestation of esteem towards the Old Testament and its Hebrew version. Origen’s attitude towards the Bible can be characterized by two approaches: on the one hand it is the ecclesiastical approach which gives the first place to the text commonly accepted in the Church namely the Septuagint, but on the other hand he is open to every other text Hebrew or Greek, trying to understand it and take it into account in his commentary.

scholarly journals Prodigious Births and Death in Childbirth in Le Palais des Nobles Dames, (Lyons, 1534)

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Brenda Dunn-Lardeau
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In 1534 Pierre de Sainte Lucie published Jehan Du Pré's Le Palais des Nobles Dames in which the treatment of the theme of prodigious births and death in childbirth is of particular interest compared to that of his sixteenth century contemporaries. On the one hand, the author's religious faith enables him to adopt a sympathetic attitude toward certain aspects of pregnancy such as unusual variations in gestation length. On the other hand, the same faith limits Du Pré's critical powers since it prevents him from distinguishing legend from reality. His conception of motherhood is confined to the biological level. Finally, the woodcuts represent midwives still playing a major role in obstetrics in contrast with their growing marginalization by surgeons in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

scholarly journals Kontrowersje wokół powstania człowieka - wstępna analiza ankiet studentów

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Jacek Tomczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Bugajak
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
University Professors ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
Origin Of Man

The paper presents the results of the research which was carried out as a part of the project: Current controversies about human origins. Between anthropology and the Bible, this project was focused on the supposed conflict between natural sciences and theology (or religious beliefs) with regard to the origin of man. The research was aimed at finding out whether such a conflict really exits. For we cannot exclude the possibility that these controversies have no factual ground and their significance is inflated by American popular literature. If, on the other hand, we assume that the conflict is real, it should be worthwhile examining its sources. Such an approach may prove helpful in systematize the highly emotional debates about the origin of man. One of the ways of tackling the issue was a questionnaire which was distributed among students, teachers and university professors. Our respondents represented three disciplines: theology, philosophy and natural sciences, t t e paper presents selected results of the questionnaire which was addressed to a group of students, they were asked to fill in the form consisting of eleven questions, these questions concerned the following issues: the existence of the conflict between evolutionism and creationism, the definitions of creation and evolution, the existence of the spiritual element in man, and the ways of interpreting the Bible (esp. the first chapters of the Book of Genesis).

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