scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS AND NON-SPORTS YOUNG ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péterné Blatt
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Relational Networks ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Relationship Network ◽  
Sporting Activities

From school onwards, children spend more and more time with their peers without direct adult supervision. In peer groups, the emphasis is on shared interests, understanding and trust, rather than joint activities. The biological changes associated with adolescent sexual maturation also lead to changes in social relationships. The topic is particularly topical now, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, when opportunities for face-to- face communication have been significantly reduced, leading in many cases to a transformation of relationships.   Playing sport expands the individual's range of experience: he or she is exposed to a new social environment, has the opportunity to form new relationships, and encounters a new set of values and norms. All this shapes their personality, their individuality and has an impact on their whole life. However, many children today do not play sport regularly, partly because of the increased mental workload and demands and the resulting lack of time. In my research, I was looking for answers to the question of how regular sporting activities affect the social relationships of young adolescents. As the data from my research show, regular sporting activity has a beneficial effect on both the extension and the intensity of children's relational networks, especially for those playing team sports.

Cooperative passing network features are associated with successful match outcomes in the Australian Football League

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110527
Author(s):  
Job Fransen ◽  
Rhys Tribolet ◽  
William Bradshaw Sheehan ◽  
Ignatius McBride ◽  
Andrew Roman Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Successful Match ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
The Relationship

Collective behaviour is an important component of team performance in team sports. This study used a binomial generalised linear mixed effects regression model to investigate the relationship between cooperative passing network characteristics and match outcomes of professional Australian Football League competition games across four seasons between 2016 and 2019. It divided a sample of 1629 observations into a training and testing partition used to develop and assess the validity of the model used in this study, respectively. The results of this study reveal that a team's connectedness is associated with the probability of winning Australian Football League games (Akaike Information Criterion = 1637.3, residual df= 1297, deviance = 1625.3). When most players within a team are involved in the team's passing network bidirectionally (i.e. a well-connected network; odds ratio = 1.053; 95% confidence interval: 4.2–6.5%, p < 0.001), teams have a higher probability of winning. The centralisation of a team's passing network was not significantly related to match outcomes. The classification accuracy for the model associating network characteristics with match outcomes was 69%. Collectively, these findings suggest that Australian Football League-specific network features should be incorporated within existing performance analysis methods and can provide a useful, practical tool for coaches to measure collective performance during team practice.

Neuromuscular Physiology, Exercise, and Training During Youth—The Year That Was 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
David G. Behm
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Physical Maturation ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Individual Sports

The pressure for children to excel and succeed in sport continues to mount. Although resistance training for youth was in disfavor by many organizations even into the early 21st century, children’s training programs are more closely resembling the volume and intensity of adult programs. The physiological maturation of adolescent youth may impact their response to advanced training programs. Furthermore, the pressure to specialize in specific sports rather than engage in a variety of sporting activities may affect not only training responses but also injury incidence. The highlighted articles first illustrate the training-specific responses of prepeak and postpeak height velocity stage youth with more specific training stimuli needed for the postpeak height velocity stage youth. Second, individual sports tend to promote earlier and greater specialization compared with team sports, which tend to result in a higher proportion of overuse injuries. Based on the findings of these 2 studies, the planning and implementation of high-intensity training for youth, such as plyometrics, should take into consideration the physical maturation of the child and that the prevention of overuse injuries would benefit from a more varied participation in sports and activities.

scholarly journals Web Service Applications and Consumer Environments Based on ICT-Driven Optimization

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chaozhi Fan ◽  
Law Siong Hook ◽  
Saifuzzaman Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Naseem Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Network Embedding ◽  
Service Recommendation ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Relational Networks ◽  
Data Links ◽  
Relationship Network ◽  
Service Application ◽  
Embedding Methods

Networking is the use of physical links to connect individual isolated workstations or hosts together to form data links for the purpose of resource sharing and communication. In the field of web service application and consumer environment optimization, it has been shown that the introduction of network embedding methods can effectively alleviate the problems such as data sparsity in the recommendation process. However, existing network embedding methods mostly target a specific structure of network and do not collaborate with multiple relational networks from the root. Therefore, this paper proposes a service recommendation model based on the hybrid embedding of multiple networks and designs a multinetwork hybrid embedding recommendation algorithm. First, the user social relationship network and the user service heterogeneous information network are constructed; then, the embedding vectors of users and services in the same vector space are obtained through multinetwork hybrid embedding learning; finally, the representation vectors of users and services are applied to recommend services to target users. To verify the effectiveness of this paper’s method, a comparative analysis is conducted with a variety of representative service recommendation methods on three publicly available datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that this paper’s multinetwork hybrid embedding method can effectively collaborate with multirelationship networks to improve service recommendation quality, in terms of recommendation efficiency and accuracy.

scholarly journals Social Network Characteristics and Salivary Cortisol in Healthy Older People

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian C. L. Lai ◽  
Alice M. L. Chong ◽  
Oswald T. Siu ◽  
Phil Evans ◽  
Cecilia L. W. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Psychobiological research on aging in humans has been confounded by individual differences that have not been adequately characterized in the literature. This paper is an attempt to shed light on this issue by examining the impact of social network characteristics predictive of successful aging on salivary cortisol among 78 older Chinese people in Hong Kong. Eight salivary cortisol samples were collected each day for two consecutive days from immediately after awakening to 12 hours later. Two components of the cortisol diurnal cycle, response to awakening and diurnal decline, were examined in relation to social network characteristics including size, emotional support, and cultivation. ANOVAs with repeated measured were run to examine influences of the three social network characteristics on the cortisol awakening response and diurnal decline, with the effects of gender, age, socioeconomic status, and waking time controlled. Results indicated that those who spent more time and effort in developing and strengthening their social ties (i.e., those high in “cultivation”) exhibited a significantly greater rise in cortisol in the morning and a significantly steeper decline over the day, thus attesting to more effective activation and deactivation of the HPA axis. Network cultivation reflected a positive motivation to nurture social relationships more than the other two network characteristics. Its effect on cortisol might stem from the positivity underlying the motivation.

Fast methods for finding significant motifs on labelled multi-relational networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Micale ◽  
Alfredo Pulvirenti ◽  
Alfredo Ferro ◽  
Rosalba Giugno ◽  
Dennis Shasha
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Relational Networks ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Relationship Network

Abstract A labelled multi-relational network (or labelled multigraph, for short) is one in which nodes have labels and a pair of nodes may be connected by an edge with one or more labels. For example, in an airline route database, ‘large European city’ may be the label on the Paris node and ‘large Asian city’ may be the label on the New Delhi node and the edge between the two cities may be labelled by several carriers. This article presents an analytical method to compute the p-values of labelled subgraph (sub-network) motifs in such labelled multi-relational networks (multigraphs). The method (and a fast approximation to the method) works for both directed and undirected graphs and extends to large subgraphs. We have validated these methods on a dataset of medium size real networks (up to tens of thousands of nodes and hundreds of thousands of edges) of different types (biological, infrastructural and collaboration networks). The pure analytical model is faster than a randomized simulation model by a factor of approximately 1000 in most of our experiments. This improvement in performance is greater for larger graphs. The approximate analytical model avoids the calculations of statistical variance and achieves nearly the same precision and recall as the pure analytical model while being several times faster. To test the scalability of our methods, we run our algorithms on synthetic and real datasets from protein–protein interaction networks, airline flight paths, the internet infrastructural network and the IMDB movie network. We also illustrate a use case of this form of analysis on a large relationship network of people involved in the Panama papers scandal, retrieving frequently used money laundering patterns. labelled multigraphs motif enumeration; motif statistical significance; random network models; multi-relational networks; multigraphs.

scholarly journals The nature of formative physical activities and sports in the development of senior volleyball players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412199204
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coutinho ◽  
Ana Ramos ◽  
António M Fonseca ◽  
Keith Davids ◽  
Isabel Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Individual Sports

This study characterized developmental sporting activities undertaken by volleyball players between ages of 6 to 12 years. Highly skilled (n = 30) and less skilled (n = 30) players participated in retrospective interviews to identify the nature of their formative enrichment experiences (formal adult-led and informal child-led activities) and types of sports practised (team or individual sports). All participants reported involvement in multiple formal sport activities and informal child-led activities, confirming that they did not specialize early in volleyball. Highly skilled male players reported being involved in more formal, adult-led activities, generally, and more formal team sports. In contrast, highly skilled and less skilled female players participated in equal amounts of formal adult-led and informal child-led activities. Results partially supported the value of an early diversified sport involvement to develop functional behavioural adaptability needed to specialise later in sports like volleyball. Findings highlighted the importance of considering the nature and types of early enriching play and practice activities to better understand possible complementary transfer of training effects during specialization. Data also emphasized relevance of considering sex differences in future analyses of player developmental pathways.

scholarly journals The adaptation of trust behavior and the association with friendships in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester Sijtsma ◽  
Nikki Lee ◽  
Marlieke van Kesteren ◽  
Mariet van Buuren ◽  
Barbara Braams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
A Priori Information ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Trust Games ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Priori Information

Being able to adapt one’s trust behavior is essential for social relationships. In the current fMRI study, we first examined adolescents’ ability to adapt trust behavior and the neural mechanisms of trust. Second, we examined developmental differences by comparing young and late adolescents. Third, we examined how positions in a friendship network, derived from social network analysis, relate to trust behavior in the late adolescent group. Seventeen young adolescents (Mage=12.6, SD=0.9, 10 female) and 33 late adolescents (Mage=17.2, SD=0.5, 25 female) played two trust games. Participants received a priori information suggesting that one partner was trustworthy and one partner untrustworthy. In reality, the behavior of both partners was programmed as trustworthy behavior. Results indicated that adolescents adapt their trust behavior when incorrect a priori information was provided, and developmental differences in this ability to adapt trust behavior were found. When incorrect a priori information was provided, late adolescents showed more dlPFC activity when receiving the partner’s feedback compared to young adolescents. Furthermore, late adolescents with less central network positions were more adaptive in their trust behavior compared to late adolescents with more central positions. This study provides insight into how age and social relationships influence trust behavior during adolescence.

scholarly journals Internal and External Load Control in Team Sports through a Multivariable Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 751-758
Author(s):  
Aitor Piedra ◽  
Toni Caparrós ◽  
Jordi Vicens-Bordas ◽  
Javier Peña
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Sporting Activities

Data related to 141 sessions of 10 semi-professional basketball players were analyzed during the competitive period of the 2018-2019 season using a multivariable model to determine possible associations between internal and external load variables and fatigue. Age, height, weight, sessional rate of perceived exertion (sRPE), summated-heart-rate-zones, heart rate variability, total accelerations and decelerations were the covariates, and post-session countermovement jump loss (10% or higher) the response variable. Based on the results observed, a rise in sRPE and accelerations and decelerations could be associated with increased lower-body neuromuscular fatigue. Observing neuromuscular fatigue was 1,008 times higher with each additional sRPE arbitrary unit (AU). Each additional high-intensity effort also increased the probability of significant levels of neuromuscular fatigue by 1,005 times. Fatigue arising from demanding sporting activities is acknowledged as a relevant inciting event leading to injuries. Thus, the methodology used in this study can be used then to monitor neuromuscular fatigue onset, also enhancing proper individual adaptations to training.

scholarly journals Sport and maximisation of the subjective perception of wellbeing: A trend analysis of sporting practises at the start of the 21st century = Deporte y maximización de la percepción subjetiva del bienestar: un análisis tendencial de las prácticas deportivas a principios del siglo XXI

2018 ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Antonio-Manuel Pérez-Flores ◽  
Víctor-Manuel Muñoz-Sánchez ◽  
José-Manuel Leal Saragoça
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Subjective Sensation

Resumen: En las últimas décadas, debido a factores sociales diversos, asistimos al desarrollo y a la transformación de las prácticas deportivas. En el presente artículo llevamos a cabo un estudio longitudinal de la práctica deportiva entre los años 1995 y 2014, en España, entre la población de 18 años y más, de ambos  sexos, atendiendo a las relaciones sociales que se dan en la práctica deportiva. El análisis, obtenido a partir de bases de datos nacionales, ha demostrado la hipótesis principal de estudio en base al análisis de tendencias de práctica del deporte, puesto que la práctica del deporte individual ha aumentado frente a formas de prácticas colectivas junto a amigos o familia. Mostramos, también, las variaciones de la práctica deportiva dependiendo del tipo de relación primaria que se establece en el deporte según sexo, edad, hábitat, ocupación, formación, forma de hacer deporte, grado de competición, frecuencia, instalaciones deportivas utilizadas, tipo de deporte practicado, horas de tiempo libre y sensación subjetiva de felicidad.Abstract: We have seen a transformation in the development of sporting activities over recent decades. There are a number of social factors behind this. In this article, we report a longitudinal study of sporting activities in Spain between 1995 and 2014 among the population aged 18 and over, including both sexes, examining the social relationships that arise in sporting activities. Our analysis is based on national databases and analysis of trends in sporting activities. It demonstrates the main hypothesis of the study, which is that individual sporting activities have increased compared to group activities with family and friends. We also examine changes in sporting activities depending on the primary relations established in the sport, by sex, age, habitat, occupation, educational level, the form in which the sport is practised, the degree of competition, frequency, the sports facilities used, the type of sport, hours of free time and the subjective sensation of happiness.

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