scholarly journals SDN Controller and Blockchain to Secure Information Transaction in a Cluster Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Suma V
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Edge Networks ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Sdn Controller

The Internet of Things [IoT] is one of the most recent technologies that has influenced the way people communicate. With its growth, IoT encounters a number of challenges, including device heterogeneity, energy construction, comparability, and security. Energy and security are important considerations when transmitting data via edge networks and IoT. Interference with data in an IoT network might occur unintentionally or on purpose by malicious attackers, and it will have a significant impact in real time. To address the security problems, the suggested solution incorporates software defined networking (SDN) and blockchain. In particular, this research work has introduced an energy efficient and secure blockchain-enabled architecture using SDN controllers that are operating on a novel routing methodology in IoT. To establish communication between the IoT devices, private and public blockchain are used for eliminating Proof of Work (POW). This enables blockchain to be a suitable resource-constrained protocol for establishing an efficient communication. Experimental observation indicates that, an algorithm based on routing protocol will have low energy consumption, lower delay and higher throughput, when compared with other classic routing algorithms.

scholarly journals A Lightweight Two-Layer Blockchain Mechanism for Reliable Crossing-Domain Communication in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Xu ◽  
Jianfei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Block Structure ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Reliable Communication ◽  
Collusion Attack ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Reliable Communications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The smart city is an emerging notion that is leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) technique to achieve more comfortable, smart and controllable cities. The communications crossing domains between smart cities is indispensable to enhance collaborations. However, crossing-domain communications are more vulnerable since there are in different domains. Moreover, there are huge different devices with different computation capabilities, from sensors to the cloud servers. In this paper, we propose a lightweight two-layer blockchain mechanism for reliable crossing-domain communication in smart cities. Our mechanism provides a reliable communication mechanism for data sharing and communication between smart cities. We defined a two-layer blockchain structure for the communications inner and between smart cities to achieve reliable communications. We present a new block structure for the lightweight IoT devices. Moreover, we present a reputation-based multi-weight consensus protocol in order to achieve efficient communication while resistant to the nodes collusion attack for the proposed blockchain system. We also conduct a secure analysis to demonstrate the security of the proposed scheme. Finally, performance evaluation shows that our scheme is efficient and practical.

scholarly journals The Challenge for Energy Saving in Smart Homes: Exploring the Interest for IoT Devices Acquisition in Romania

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7589
Author(s):  
Adrian Micu ◽  
Angela-Eliza Micu ◽  
Marius Geru ◽  
Alexandru Capatina ◽  
Mihaela-Carmen Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a shift towards a digitally enriched environment that connects smart objects and users, aiming to provide merchants with innovative ways to communicate with customers. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify the Romanian consumer′s openness to technological autonomy and the degree of acceptance of IoT services and technologies to address the green deal principle of low energy consumption. This article investigated the factors that influence the decision to buy smart IoT devices and customers′ perception regarding the security of the data generated in this process. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research proposed an alternative model consisting of 18 items measured on a Likert scale in order to identify the factors that contribute to the perceived value of the consumer and the behavioral precursors impacting the decision to purchase IoT products. More and more products have built-in sensors and through the Internet connection generate valuable data from a managerial point of view in relation to the customer. Although these data are expected to be of great value to companies, the way they are used is not always transparent and can affect the purchasing decisions and the behavior of IoT products′ customers. The findings of this paper aimed to better promote Smart Home IoT technologies and devices among Romanian people, making possible the control of consumption and the generation of energy savings.

scholarly journals Improvement of LoRa Communication Scalability using Machine Learning Based Adaptiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Valach ◽  
Dominik Macko
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<div>Number of embedded devices connected to the Internet is rapidly increasing, especially in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). The growing number of IoT devices communicating wirelessly causes a communication-parameters selection problem, implying the increasing number of communication collisions. Multiple factors of IoT networks signify this problem, such as inability to communication-channel listening prior to the transmission (due to longer distances), energy constrains (due to inability of powering devices from the grid), or limitation of duty cycle and high interference (due to usage of unlicensed band in communication technologies). This article is focused on alleviating this problem in LoRa networks, which is one of the most promising technology for long-range and low-power</div><div>communication. We utilize the existing LoRa@FIIT protocol to achieve energy-efficient communication. The scalability of the LoRa network is increased by modifying the communication-parameters selection algorithm. By ensuring of quality of service mechanism at each node in the infrastructure, the application domain of the proposed architecture is widened. The simulation-based experimental results showed a significantly reduced number of collisions for mobile nodes, which reduces the channel congestion and the wasted energy by retransmissions.</div>

scholarly journals Multi Core DN​N based IDS for Botnet Attacks using KPCA Reduction Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila B S ◽  
Rohini Nagapadma
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Principal Component Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Private Data ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract Research on network security has recently acquired attention in the field of the Internet of Things. In the context of security, most of the IoT devices with the internet are connected directly which results in the exploitation of private data. Nowadays, the fraudster will release novel attacks very frequently especially for IoT devices. As a result, the traditional sophisticated Intrusion Detection System (IDS) model is not suitable for the identification of vulnerabilities in IoT devices. In our research work, we propose MCDNN for IDS. MCDNN is Multi Core DNN with having parallel optimizer. Rather than a traditional dataset, this paper experiment is conducted on the BoTIoT dataset. Since IoT devices generate a huge volume of data, this work focuses on reducing huge datasets using Kernel Principal Component Analysis(KPCA) reduction technique with optimizer parallelly. To decrease false alarm rate and maintaining less computational power multi-core is introduced in our research work. This helps identification of vulnerabilities in IoT devices using deep learning techniques faster. Experimental results indicate that designing MCDNN based IDS with different optimizers parallelly achieved higher performance than those of other techniques.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet of Things in the Healthcare Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2106-2114
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Health Care Employees ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things concept had infiltrated nearly every field of our life, however, its cutting edge impact in the healthcare industry has been momentous. With tremendous penetration of Mobile health, the functionality of IoT in the healthcare industry had drastically increased. In the research, a systemic literature review was conducted to study the impact of IoT applications in the healthcare industry by analyzing the current and future research work in the field, more focusing on security and privacy in health IoT devices and how it affects different levels of health care employees and consumers’ adoption towards IoT in the health care industry. The study reports research papers, which were included, based on the further filtering process by title, contents, and abstract. A total of 232 primary up-to-date studies were included in the review study. These papers were analyzed according to the research questions defined in the study.

scholarly journals Smart IOT Based Healthcare Monitoring and Decision-Making System Using Augmented Data Recognition Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1971-1979
Author(s):  
Annamalai.M, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Retirement Home ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Testing Phase ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Healthcare Monitoring ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Many medical errors occur because people are in charge of patients or elderly medications by handling large amounts of medications every day. This work consists of designing and establishing a pillbox prototype intended to address this shortcoming in medical areas. It can be used separately from the medication itself and other advanced features provided with this device by the hospital or retirement home. This medication pack aims to take most medications or vitamin supplements or stimulants that deal with over-salting or over-the-counter patients. The proposed smart pillbox contains a program that enables medical caregivers or clients to determine the pill size and timing of pills and service routine each day. In this research work, the Augmented Data Recognition (ADR) algorithm is also used to monitor humans' health conditions. Initially, the UCI dataset is used for training and validation of the proposed ADR algorithm.  The heart rate, blood pressure and temperature of the patient have carried during the testing phase via the Internet of Things (IoT) setup. The testing phase estimates any abnormalities in the health status based on the information obtained by the sensor collected by the population structure. Statistical analysis is based on data obtained from a cumulative cloud from IoT devices to estimate percentage accuracy.

scholarly journals QoS Enabled Layered Based Clustering for Reactive Flooding in the Internet of Things

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawad Ali Khan ◽  
Rafidah Md Noor ◽  
Miss Laiha Mat Kiah ◽  
Noorzaily Mohd Noor ◽  
Saleh M. Altowaijri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Flooding

The Internet of Things has gained substantial attention over the last few years, because of connecting daily things in a wide range of application and domains. A large number of sensors require bandwidth and network resources to give-and-take queries among a heterogeneous IoT network. Network flooding is a key questioning strategy for successful exchange of queries. However, the risk of the original flooding is prone to unwanted and redundant network queries which may lead to heavy network traffic. Redundant, unwanted, and flooded queries are major causes of inefficient utilization of resources. IoT devices consume more energy and high computational time. More queries leads to consumption of more bandwidth, cost, and miserable QoS. Current existing approaches focused primarily on how to speed up the basic routing for IoT devices. However, solutions for flooding are not being addressed. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based flooding (CBF) as an interoperable solution for network and sensor layer devices which is also capable minimizing the energy consumption, cost, network flooding, identifying, and eliminating of redundant flooding queries using query control mechanisms. The proposed CBF divides the network into different clusters, local queries for information are proactively maintained by the intralayer cluster (IALC), while the interlayer cluster (IELC) is responsible for reactively obtain the routing queries to the destinations outside the cluster. CBF is a hybrid approach, having the potential to be more efficient against traditional schemes in term of query traffic generation. However, in the absence of appropriate redundant query detection and termination techniques, the CBF may generate more control traffic compared to the standard flooding techniques. In this research work, we used Cooja simulator to evaluate the performance of the proposed CBF. According to the simulation results the proposed technique has superiority in term of traffic delay, QoS/throughput, and energy consumption, under various performance metrics compared with traditional flooding and state of the art.

scholarly journals The MI-SDN System to Manage MQTT Data in an Interoperable IoT Wireless Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036
Author(s):  
Rajae Tamri, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Sdn Controller ◽  
New Devices

The main challenge for the Internet of Things (IoT) is to ensure interoperability between heterogeneous IoT entities. To support the interaction, intercommunication, and interoperability between these devices several solutions are proposed in the literature. The SDN (Software-defined Network) is one of these solutions to resolve the problem of the heterogeneous network used in IoT. To guarantee network interoperability, the SDN uses a centralized controller, which handles the entire network. The role of end devices in IoT is only forwarding data. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol is another solution for granting interoperability in IoT. Which is a publish/subscribe based messaging protocol that avoids direct connection between devices by relaying data through a central server called the broker. Combination of these two solutions to manage IoT devices makes it easy to add new devices without touching or changing the existing infrastructure. The new devices only need to communicate with the broker. Moreover, the Controller SDN is responsible for handling networks. Consequently, smart devices added don’t need to be compatible with the others. In this paper, we present the design and the implementation of a new IoT architecture, which is a combination of SDN technology and MQTT protocol. That enables heterogeneous IoT devices to be interoperable and interact without any problems. Our system utilizes the lightweight protocol MQTT with a new mechanism using several slave brokers and one master. The slaves manage the group of the end devices in the wireless IoT network, and the master broker installed in the SDN controller supervises the integral network. The SDN controller uses a multicast system to send MQTTdata across the external wireless network. As a result, that reduces transmission delay between wireless IoT network compared with the using of a standard MQTT.

scholarly journals Improvement of LoRa Communication Scalability using Machine Learning Based Adaptiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Valach ◽  
Dominik Macko
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<div>Number of embedded devices connected to the Internet is rapidly increasing, especially in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). The growing number of IoT devices communicating wirelessly causes a communication-parameters selection problem, implying the increasing number of communication collisions. Multiple factors of IoT networks signify this problem, such as inability to communication-channel listening prior to the transmission (due to longer distances), energy constrains (due to inability of powering devices from the grid), or limitation of duty cycle and high interference (due to usage of unlicensed band in communication technologies). This article is focused on alleviating this problem in LoRa networks, which is one of the most promising technology for long-range and low-power</div><div>communication. We utilize the existing LoRa@FIIT protocol to achieve energy-efficient communication. The scalability of the LoRa network is increased by modifying the communication-parameters selection algorithm. By ensuring of quality of service mechanism at each node in the infrastructure, the application domain of the proposed architecture is widened. The simulation-based experimental results showed a significantly reduced number of collisions for mobile nodes, which reduces the channel congestion and the wasted energy by retransmissions.</div>

Agricultural Application of Web of Things Architecture

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Type Pressure

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term that describes a system of computing devices, digital machines, objects, animals or people that are interrelated. Each of the interrelated 'things' are given a unique identifier and the ability to transfer data over a network that does not require human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Examples of IoT in practice include a human with a heart monitor implant, an animal with a biochip transponder (an electronic device inserted under the skin that gives the animal a unique identification number) and a car that has built-in sensors which can alert the driver about any problems, such as when the type pressure is low. The concept of a network of devices was established as early as 1982, although the term 'Internet of Things' was almost certainly first coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. Since then, IoT devices have become ubiquitous, certainly in some parts of the world. Although there have been significant developments in the technology associated with IoT, the concept is far from being fully realised. Indeed, the potential for the reach of IoT extends to areas which some would find surprising. Researchers at the Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University in Japan, are exploring using IoT in the agricultural sector, with some specific work on the production of melons. For the advancement of IoT in agriculture, difficult and important issues are implementation of subtle activities into computers procedure. The researchers challenges are going on.

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