scholarly journals Trend of 4+ Antenatal Care Visits by Rural Women in Bangladesh:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylan Dana ◽  
Sanjit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Trained Provider

Abstract Antenatal Care (ANC) is one of the four pillars initiatives of the Safe Motherhood. Since MMR is high in rural areas of Bangladesh so to reduce MMR the uptake of ANC visit from trained provider is important. The objective of this study was to see the trends of 4+ ANC visit and identify the factors associated with the number of antenatal visits in rural areas.This study used the data generated from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004-2014 to observe the trends and factors associated of 4+ ANC visit. The results of bivariate and multivariate analyses confirm that divisions, wealth, education and media exposure had strong influence on rural women’s 4 + ANC visit. Result of logistic regression model shows that poor and less educated women of rural areas were less likely to seek 4+ ANC visit than urban areas. This outcome of the paper suggests that rural women economic status and education has significant effect on 4+ ANC visit. The findings will help to design appropriate strategies, programs and policies for the improvement of rural women’s maternal healthcare seeking behaviour.

scholarly journals Country compliance with WHO-recommended antenatal care guidelines: equity analysis of the 2015–2016 Demography and Health Survey in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e002169
Author(s):  
Ngatho Samuel Mugo ◽  
Kyaw Swa Mya ◽  
Camille Raynes-Greenow
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

IntroductionEarly access to adequate antenatal care (ANC) from skilled providers is crucial for detecting and preventing obstetric complications of pregnancy. We aimed to assess factors associated with the utilisation of the new WHO ANC guidelines including the recommended number, on time initiation and adequate components of ANC contacts in Myanmar.MethodsWe examined data from 2943 mothers aged 15–49 years whose most recent birth occurred in the last 5 years prior to the 2015–2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. Factors associated with utilisation of the new WHO recommended ANC were explored using multinomial logistic regression and multivariate models. We used marginal standardisation methods to estimate the predicted probabilities of the factors significantly associated with the three measures of ANC.ResultsApproximately 18% of mothers met the new WHO recommended number of eight ANC contacts. About 58% of the mothers received adequate ANC components, and 47% initiated ANC within the first trimester of pregnancy. The predicted model shows that Myanmar could achieve 70% coverage of adequate components of ANC if all women were living in urban areas. Similarly, if ANC was through private health facilities, 63% would achieve adequate components of ANC. Pregnant women from urban areas (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 4.86, 95% CI 2.44 to 9.68) were more than four times more likely to have adequate ANC components compared with women from rural areas. Pregnant women in the highest wealth quintile were three times more likely to receive eight or more ANC contacts (aRR: 3.20, 95% CI 1.61 to 6.36) relative to mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. On time initiation of the first ANC contact was fourfold for mothers aged 30–39 years relative to adolescent mothers (aRR: 4.07, 95% CI 1.53 to 10.84).ConclusionThe 2016 WHO ANC target is not yet being met by the majority of women in Myanmar. Our results highlight the need to address health access inequity for women who are from lower socioeconomic groups, or are younger, and those living in rural areas.

scholarly journals What influences home delivery among women who live in urban areas? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244811
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽  
Francis Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
At Home

Background In Ghana, home delivery among women in urban areas is relatively low compared to rural areas. However, the few women who deliver at home in urban areas still face enormous risk of infections and death, just like those in rural areas. The present study investigated the factors associated with home delivery among women who live in urban areas in Ghana. Materials and methods Data for this study was obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. We used data of 1,441 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey and were dwelling in urban areas. By the use of Stata version 14.2, we conducted both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We found that 7.9% of women in urban areas in Ghana delivered at home. The study revealed that, compared to women who lived in the Northern region, women who lived in the Brong Ahafo region [AOR = 0.38, CI = 0.17–0.84] were less likely to deliver at home. The likelihood of home delivery was high among women in the poorest wealth quintile [AOR = 2.02, CI = 1.06–3.86], women who professed other religions [AOR = 3.45; CI = 1.53–7.81], and those who had no antenatal care visits [AOR = 7.17; 1.64–31.3]. Conversely, the likelihood of home delivery was lower among women who had attained secondary/higher education [AOR = 0.30; 0.17–0.53], compared to those with no formal education. Conclusion The study identified region of residence, wealth quintile, religion, antenatal care visits, and level of education as factors associated with home delivery among urban residents in Ghana. Therefore, health promotion programs targeted at home delivery need to focus on these factors. We also recommend that a qualitative study should be conducted to investigate the factors responsible for the differences in home delivery in terms of region, as the present study could not do so.

scholarly journals Factors associated with utilization of antenatal care services among rural women, Telangana, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Biranchi Narayan Das ◽  
Seshasai Kanakamedala ◽  
Mahesh kumar Mummadi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Background: Antenatal care is the essential health care extended to pregnant women. Complete antenatal health care includes four antenatal visits, 2 TT injections, and consumption of 100 Iron and Folic acid tablets. In Telangana state the proportion of mothers received full ante natal care in rural area is only 37.3%. Hence, the present study conducted with an objective to assess the factors associated with utilization of antenatal care services among rural women in Telangana state.Methods: The study is a community based cross sectional study. It was conducted in villages of Moinabad Mandal of Telangana state. Sample size was calculated to 373.Out of 26 villages 20 villages were chosen randomly and from each village 20 houses were selected by stratified random method. Married women delivered at least one child during last five years were included. Pretested questionnaire was administered. The data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by SPSS.Results: Among 373 participants, 89.3% mothers registered during 1st trimester, 92.8% confirmed their pregnancy in the Government sector, 81.3% mothers had four or more antenatal visits, nearly 87.7% mothers received two doses of TT and 77.2% had taken more than 100 Iron tablets. The factors identified to be having statistically significant (p< 0.05) association with better utilization of antenatal care were age at child birth >25 years, education10th class and above, Working mothers, first child birth, Socioeconomic class I- IV and early registration. On application of simple logistic regression predictors were found to be age, education, occupation, birth order, SES and early registration.Conclusions: Awareness should be made by the ASHA workers, ANMs and Anganwadi workers through better education and motivation of the target groups such as young mothers, homemakers, low socio-economic status groups and late registered mothers for better utilization.

scholarly journals Decomposing the Socio-economic Inequalities in Utilization of Full Antenatal Care in Jharkhand State, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abha Gupta ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
Olalemi Adewumi Dorcas
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Facility Survey ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Status Of Women

It is widely evidenced that low socio-economic status is significantly associated with poor health, but inequalities caused by social and economic factors are poorly quantified. This paper attempts to measure contributions of selected factors to the differences in full antenatal care (ANC) utilization in the state of Jharkhand, India, based on the third wave of District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) data in 2007–2008. Full ANC is defined as having a minimum of three antenatal visits, at least two tetanus toxoid injections and receiving folic acid tablets for at least 90 days or more during the last pregnancy. Multivariate and decomposition statistical techniques were employed to examine the factors associated with utilization of ANC services and their contributions to inequalities in utilization. Results show that the factors with the largest contribution to utilization of ANC services were poor economic status of women (37.53%), mass media exposure (30.71%), and residence in a rural area (15.56%). The relative contributions of region, mothers’ education, age, and birth order of the women in generating inequalities were small. Therefore, to improve maternal health and to reduce socio-economic gaps in the state, more focus is needed on vulnerable sections of society and regions where the effects of government health programs hardly reach.

scholarly journals Determinants of prenatal care use and HIV testing during pregnancy: a population-based, cross-sectional study of 7080 women of reproductive age in Mozambique

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Olanrewaju Oladimeji ◽  
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Hiv Test

Abstract Background In low-income countries with poor coverage of healthcare services such as Mozambique, antenatal care serves as a vital tool for providing life-saving and cost-effective services for pregnant mothers. Nonetheless, many countries in Africa, including Mozambique, are struggling to attain an optimum level of antenatal care (at least 4 visits) utilisation among pregnant women. In the present study, we aimed to assess the sociodemographic and economic factors associated with antenatal care use in Mozambique. Methods Cross-sectional data from the latest round of Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey (2011) on women aged 15–49 years (n = 7080) were analysed. The outcome measures were early and adequate antenatal visit and HIV tests during the last pregnancy. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate regression methods. The predictor variables included various demographic (e.g. age, parity), empowerment (e.g. type of employment, household wealth status) and sociocultural factors (e.g. ethnicity, religion). Results Of the 7080 women whose data was analyzed, 15.3 and 60.1% had early and adequate ANC visits respectively while 75.4% received HIV test during ANC visits. The odds of early ANC visits were higher [OR = 1.300, 95%CI = 1.062,1.592] among women in the rural areas compared with those in the urban areas. However, participants in rural areas had lower odds [OR = 0.788, 0.687,0.902] of receiving HIV tests during ANC visits. Women in the urban areas with secondary [OR = 1.296, 95%CI = 1.007,1.666] and higher [OR = 1.663, 95%CI = 1.052,2.628] education had higher odds of having early ANC visit. Those in the higher wealth quintiles also had significantly increased odds of using all three types of ANC indicators, particularly for rural women in the highest wealth quintile [OR = 4.776, 95%CI = 1.250,18.24]. Being within the higher wealth quintiles was found to significantly increase the odds of using all three types of ANC indicators, particularly women from rural areas with highest wealth quintile [OR = 4.776, 95%CI = 1.250,18.24]. Conclusion About two-fifth of the women in Mozambique are not using adequate antenatal care and about and a quarter do not take HIV tests during pregnancy. The sources of low and unequal use of these vital health services might be rooted in women’s socioeconomic status and cultural issues that require special policy and research attention.

scholarly journals Determinants of Optimal Antenatal Care Visit Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: a Multilevel Analysis of Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey 2019 Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet ◽  
Binyam Tariku Seboka ◽  
Getanew Aschalew Tesfa ◽  
Tizalegn Tesfaye Mamo ◽  
Elias Seid
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Optimal antenatal care (ANC4 +) needs to be used throughout pregnancy to reduce pregnancy complications and maternal mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends eight ANC contacts, while Ethiopia has the lowest coverage of at least four ANC visits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with optimal ANC visits among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A multilevel logistic regression model is set up to identify factors associated with optimal ANC visits. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association between the outcome and the predictor variables. Results: Overall, 43% of women had optimal ANC visits during their last pregnancy. Higher educated women are 3.99 times more likely (AOR = 3.99; 95% CI: 2.62-6.02) to have optimal ANC visits than women with no formal education. The wealthiest women are 2.09 times more likely (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.56-2.82) to have optimal ANC visits than women in the poorest quintile. The odds of optimal ANC visit is 42 percent lower in rural women (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.83) compared to women living in urban areas. Conclusion: Women's educational status, wealth status, mass media exposure, place of residence and region are factors that are significantly associated with optimal ANC visit. These findings help health care programmers and policymakers to introduce appropriate policies and programs to ensure optimal ANC coverage. Priority should be given to addressing economic and educational interventions.

Impact of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Physical and Financial and Business Assets Development of Rural Women: A Study among the Rural Women’s of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu[1]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaichelvi Sivaraman ◽  
Rengasamy Stalin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panchayati Raj

This research paper is the part of Research Project entitled “Impact of Elected Women Representatives in the Life and Livelihood of the Women in Rural Areas: With Special Reference to Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu” funded by University of Madras under UGC-UPE Scheme.The 73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India were made by the government to strengthen the position of women and to create a local-level legal foundation for direct democracy for women in both rural and urban areas. The representation for women in local bodies through reservation policies amendment in Constitution of India has stimulated the political participation of women in rural areas. However, when it’s comes to the argument of whether the women reservation in Panchayati Raj helps or benefits to the life and livelihood development of women as a group? The answer is hypothetical because the studies related to the impact of women representatives of Panchayati Raj in the life and livelihood development of women was very less. Therefore, to fill the gap in existing literature, the present study was conducted among the rural women of Tiruvannamalai district to assess the impact of elected women representatives in the physical and financial and business development of the women in rural areas. The findings revealed that during the last five years because of the women representation in their village Panjayati Raj, the Physical Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (55.8%) and Highly (23.4%) and the Financial and Business Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (60.4%) and Highly (18.7%).

scholarly journals Knowledge and intake of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects among pregnant women in urban China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Cui ◽  
Xiao-Lin Lu ◽  
Yan-Yu Lyu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xiao-Lu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in China declined during 2000–2017 with periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation, which is effective in reducing the risk of birth defects. We aimed to assess the knowledge and actual use of FA among Chinese pregnant women and to explore factors associated with FA use before pregnancy. Methods All data were collected in face-to-face interviews during health visits among pregnant women. We collected information about knowledge and use of FA supplements and demographic, socioeconomic, and health status. One maternity and childcare hospital was chosen in each of four cities: Beijing, Huaibei, Kunming, and Haikou. In total, 435 pregnant women were randomly recruited for interviews conducted from June to December 2016. Results A total of 428 pregnant women were included in this survey. Of these, 82.0% (351/428) knew that FA can prevent NTDs, and 75.9% (325/428) knew the correct time to take FA. Overall, 65.9% (282/428) of women knew both that FA can prevent NTDs and the recommended time to take FA before pregnancy. Approximately 95.1% (407/428) of women reported having ever taken FA, only 46.3% (198/428) had begun to take FA supplementation before conception, and 64.5% (109/169) of women from rural areas failed to take FA before pregnancy. Women living in northern China (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–2.77), those with unplanned pregnancy (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.30–3.04), and highly educated women (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.45–3.88) were more likely to know about FA. Women who were homemakers (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.11) and had unplanned pregnancy (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 4.01–9.53) were less likely to begin taking FA before pregnancy. Conclusions Our survey showed that most pregnant women knew about FA. Although preconception intake of FA can help to reduce NTDs, improving the rate of FA intake before pregnancy is needed in urban areas of China, especially among homemakers and women from rural areas or with unplanned pregnancy. Campaigns are needed to increase awareness about FA and FA use before pregnancy among rural women, homemakers, and those with unplanned pregnancy and lower education levels.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Happiness among Malaysian Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3831
Author(s):  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Nazarudin Safian ◽  
Saharuddin Ahmad ◽  
Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah ◽  
Zulkefley bin Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Happiness is an essential component to experience healthy ageing. Hence, understanding the factors that contribute to happiness is important. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with happiness among the elderly population in Malaysia. In this study, 1204 respondents were recruited from urban and rural areas in Selangor. A face-to-face interview was conducted using the Bahasa Malaysia version of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study questionnaire. The inclusion criteria include Malaysians who are 60-years old and above and can converse in the Malaysian language. Those who encounter less than seven scores for the Abbreviated Mental Test were excluded from the study. Among the 1204 respondents, 953 (79.2%) were happy. Sociodemographic characteristics showed that being a men, age of 60 to 74 years, and living in urban areas were significantly associated with happiness. A logistic regression model showed that locality (aOR 1.61), income category (Bottom 40% aOR 0.49; Middle-class group 40% aOR 1.40), social engagement (active aOR 1.77; less active aOR 1.25), receiving emotional support (aOR 2.11) and handgrip strength (aOR 1.02) were significantly associated with happiness. Thus, ensuring the elderly population in receiving emotional support and active social engagement among them can enhance their happiness level.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment of Tuberculosis in Arsi-Robe Hospital, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Assefa ◽  
Ararsa Girma ◽  
Helmut Kloos
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and ranks along with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment outcome of tuberculosis, and factors associated with treatment outcome of tuberculosis in TB patients enrolled in Arsi-Robe Hospital, Oromia regional state, South eastern Ethiopia between January 2013 to December 2017. Methods: An Institutional-based retrospective study was conducted in Arsi-Robe Hospital from 2013 to 2017 in study patients who had all forms of TB in DOTS clinic. The predictors of treatment outcomes were analyzed through bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and a P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 257 registered TB patients, most of them were males (57.9%), from rural areas (62.6%) and in age of 15-24 category (39.3%). PTB-, PTB+ and EPTB were recorded in 48.2%, 32% and 19.8% of the patients, respectively. Among all cases, 8.6% had TB-HIV co-infection. Among all TB cases, 84.0% had successful treatment outcome. TB patients from urban areas (AOR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.33­8.38, P = 0.01), with failure treatment (AOR: 6.66, 95% CI = 1.12- 39.57; P = 0.037) and HIV positive (AOR: 4.92, 95% CI = 1.38-17.51; P = 0.014) had higher odd of unsuccessful treatment outcome of tuberculosis. However, TB patients with PTB+ (AOR: 0.1470, 95% CI = 0.031-0.687; P = 0.015) and EPTB (AOR: 0.194, 95% CI = 0.054-0.688; P = 0.011) had significantly lesser odd of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusions: Being urban resident, treatment failure and HIV positive considerably challenge the treatment outcome of tuberculosis, but being PTB+ and EPTB were associated with higher treatment success rate of TB. Continuous follow-up of patients with unsuccessful treatment outcome of tuberculosis with strengthened implementation of the DOTs strategies are suggested. Trial Registered: retrospectively registered

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