THE USE OF A CALCIUM-CONTAINING VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Наталия Александровна Полушкина ◽  
Наталия Владимировна Чиркова ◽  
Жанна Владимировна Вечеркина ◽  
Кристина Павловна Кубышкина ◽  
Марина Николаевна Бобешко
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism

Витамин Д является жирорастворимым витамином, который в организме человека вырабатывается только при определённых условиях, когда ультрафиолетовые лучи солнечного света попадают на кожу человека. В организм человека витамин Д поступает в ограниченном количестве 20- 30% от потребности , в таких продуктах питания как: лосось(200-800 МЕ на 100 г), сметана-50 МЕ, печень говяжья-45МЕ, масло сливочное-10-150 МЕ, молоко, обогащённое витамином Д, желтки яиц-45 МЕ. Витамину Д для активации в организме необходимо пройти два процесса гидроксилирования. Первый из них происходит в печени (до 90%) и превращает витамин Д в 25-гидроксивитамин Д-25(ОН)Д или кальцидиол. Второй этап происходит в почках (10%), в результате чего синтезируется активный 1,25 -дигидроксивитамин Д или кальцитриол. Уровень образования Д-гормона в организме взрослого человека составляет около 0,3-1,0 мкг/сут. Важнейшая реакция, в которой участвует витамин Д - абсорбция кальция в кишечнике и его реабсорбция в почках, поддержание необходимого уровня кальция и фосфатов в крови, он необходим для роста костей и процессов костного ремоделирования. Чтобы сохранить нормальный гомеостаз кальция и костного ремоделирования, организму необходимо получать витамин D3. В условиях физиологии его потребность варьирует в сутки от двухсот-четырёхсот МЕ (у взрослых людей), до шестисот-восьмисот МЕ (у людей пожилого возраста) и до одной тысячи МЕ у лиц, живущих в районах Крайнего Севера. Концентрация промежуточного метаболита [25-(OH)D3] в сыворотке крови считается самым надёжным показателем общего обмена витамина D, поэтому этот показатель может быть использован для определения обеспеченности организма витамином D. Также он необходим для выяснения причин патологических концентраций кальция в сыворотке крови пациентов. Адекватное содержание [25-(OH)D3] поддерживает абсорбцию кальция и костный метаболизм. Содержание же [25-(OH)D3] ниже целевого значения 30 нг/мл вызывает снижение кальция в плазме крови и повышение секреции ПТГ, и как следствие, остеокластическую резорбцию кости, нарушение процессов ремоделирования и минерализации костной ткани, снижение её плотности и изменение костной архитектуры Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is produced in the human body only under certain conditions, when ultraviolet rays of sunlight fall on the human skin. The human body receives vitamin D in a limited amount of 20-30% of the need, in such food products as: salmon (200-800 IU per 100 g), sour cream-50 IU, beef liver-45 IU, butter-10-150 IU, milk enriched with vitamin D, egg yolks-45 IU. Vitamin D needs to undergo two hydroxylation processes to be activated in the body. The first of these occurs in the liver (up to 90%) and converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D-25(OH)D or calcidiol. The second stage occurs in the kidneys (10%), resulting in the synthesis of active 1,25 -dihydroxyvitamin D or calcitriol. The level of D-hormone formation in the adult body is about 0.3-1.0 mcg/day. The most important reaction in which vitamin D is involved is the absorption of calcium in the intestine and its reabsorption in the kidneys, maintaining the necessary level of calcium and phosphates in the blood, it is necessary for bone growth and bone remodeling processes. To maintain normal calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling, the body needs to receive vitamin D3. In the conditions of physiology, its need varies per day from two hundred to four hundred IU (in adults), to six hundred to eight hundred IU (in the elderly) and up to one thousand IU in people living in the Far North. The concentration of the intermediate metabolite [25-(OH)D3] in the blood serum is considered the most reliable indicator of the total vitamin D metabolism, so this indicator can be used to determine the body's vitamin D supply. It is also necessary to find out the causes of abnormal concentrations of calcium in the blood serum of patients. Adequate [25-(OH)D3] content supports calcium absorption and bone metabolism. The content of [25-(OH)D3] below the target value of 30 ng / ml causes a decrease in calcium in the blood plasma and an increase in PTH secretion, and as a result, osteoclastic bone resorption, a violation of the processes of bone remodeling and mineralization, a decrease in its density and a change in bone architecture

Calcium in pregnancy and breastfeeding

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
The Third ◽  
In Pregnancy

Most calcium in the body is present in the skeleton, where it serves a structural role and also as a reservoir for use in other tissues. During pregnancy, calcium is accumulated in the fetal skeleton, mostly during the third trimester when bone growth is at its peak. Although this increases the demand on maternal bone stores, the calcium transfer to the fetus is balanced by increased intestinal calcium absorption in the mother, mediated by compensatory changes in vitamin D synthesis and endogenous hormone levels. Bone loss is minimized if calcium intake is maintained at 1,000#amp;#x2013;1,200 mg/day during pregnancy. This intake level builds up calcium stores in early pregnancy for increased fetal transfer in the third trimester. Additional dietary calcium is usually not required if pre-pregnancy intake is adequate, although pregnant adolescents and women carrying multiple fetuses may require supplementation.

scholarly journals Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F Warren ◽  
Kimberly A Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in humans is a global problem that requires improving ways to increase vitamin D intake. Supplements are a primary means for increasing vitamin D intake, but without a clear consensus on what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency, there is toxicity risk with taking supplements. Chickens have been used in many vitamin D-related research studies, especially studies involving vitamin D supplementation. Our state-of-the-art review evaluates vitamin D metabolism and how the different hydroxylated forms are synthesized. We provide an overview with how vitamin D is absorbed, transported, excreted, and what tissues in the body store vitamin D metabolites. We also discuss a number of studies involving vitamin D supplementation with broilers and laying hens. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are also described and how they can be caused. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for vitamin D metabolism. However, there is much more that can be understood with VDR in chickens. Potential research aims involving vitamin D and chickens should explore VDR mechanisms which could lead to newer insights with VDR. Utilizing chickens in future research to help with elucidating vitamin D mechanisms has great potential to advance human nutrition. Finding ways to increase vitamin D intake will be necessary because the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in many populations. Chickens can provide a dual purpose with addressing pandemic-caused vitamin D deficiency: 1) vitamin D supplementation gives chickens added value with possibly leading to vitamin D-enriched meat and egg products; and 2) chickens’ use in research provides data for translational research. Expanding vitamin D-related research in chickens to include more nutritional aims in vitamin D status has great implications with developing better strategies to improve human health.

scholarly journals The State of Knowledge about Nutrition Sources of Vitamin D, Its Role in the Human Body, and Necessity of Supplementation among Parents in Central Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zadka ◽  
Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk ◽  
Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The percentage of children with vitamin D deficiency in Poland is alarming. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about sources of food and the function of vitamin D, as well as the frequency of its supplementation. A survey was conducted among the parents of children from Central Poland attending primary schools, and a questionnaire containing mainly open-ended questions was used to collect the data. Most mothers knew at least one of the functions of vitamin D in the body but had a low level of knowledge about its dietary sources. Only a small group of respondents supplemented themselves and their children with vitamin D. Statistically significant influences on the level of knowledge about the functions and sources of vitamin D were place of residence (i.e., better knowledge in the countryside) and mothers’ level of education (i.e., the better educated, the greater knowledge). In the case of monthly income level, such impact was observed only in relation to the knowledge of vitamin D functions. Concerning the frequency of supplementation, only maternal level of education had a statistically significant effect (i.e., the higher the education level, the higher the frequency of supplementation). In addition, mothers who were aware of functions of vitamin D and nutritional sources, significantly more frequently supplemented vitamin D.

scholarly journals Vitamin D metabolism and its possible role in the developing chick embryo

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kubota ◽  
E Abe ◽  
T Shinki ◽  
T Suda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity

The relationship between bone formation and vitamin D metabolism was investigated in the developing chick embryo. Fertilized White Leghorn eggs were incubated at 38 degrees C in an incubator for 21 days. The fresh weight and calcium content of embryonic tibiae began to increase at day 12 and attained maximal values at day 19. Bone alkaline phosphatase and citrate decarboxylation activities, both of which represent osteoblastic activity, also began to increase at days 10-12, reached maximal values at day 19 and sharply declined thereafter. Both bone enzyme activities were highly correlated with CA2+-binding activity in the chorioallantoic membrane measured by the Chelex 100 assay. When mesonephric and metanephric homogenates were incubated with 25-hydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol, a marked and concomitant increase occurred in the metanephric 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activity after day 14. The production of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol attained a maximal value at day 19 and decreased thereafter, whereas that of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol continued to increase until hatching. The production rate of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by the metanephros coincided with the changes in Ca2+-binding activity in the chorioallantoic membrane and osteoblastic activity. Since both intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineral mobilization do not occur in embryonic life, these results support the idea that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol may be involved directly in bone formation or induction of a calcium-binding protein in the chorioallantoic membrane.

The role of vitamin D in the control of Leishmania infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espiridión Ramos-Martínez ◽  
Laila Gutierrez-Kobeh ◽  
Mónica Irais Villaseñor-Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Vector Borne

Vitamin D has been described as an essential element for maintaining the homeostasis of mineral content in the body and bone architecture. However, our view of the physiological functions of this micronutrient has radically changed, owing to the vast number of properties, not calcium-related, mediated by its nuclear receptor. This receptor has been found in a variety of cells, including the immune cells, where many of the functions performed by vitamin D are related to inflammation. Although the effect of vitamin D has been widely studied in many diseases caused by viruses or bacteria, very little is known about its role in parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, which is a vector-borne disease caused by different species of the intracellular parasite Leishmania spp. This disease occurs as a spectrum of different clinical syndromes, all of them characterized by a large amount of tissue damage, sometimes leading to necrosis. Owing to the involvement of vitamin D in inflammation and wound healing, its role in leishmaniasis must be relevant, and could be used as an adjuvant for the control of this parasitic disease, opening a possibility for a therapeutic application.

Role of prolactin in vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption during lactation in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Robinson ◽  
E. Spanos ◽  
M. F. James ◽  
J. W. Pike ◽  
M. R. Haussler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Intestinal Calcium Absorption ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism

Intestinal calcium absorption and plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) were measured in lactating and non-lactating rats and the effects of bromocriptine and exogenous prolactin treatment were evaluated. In lactating rats calcium absorption and plasma levels of parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3 and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased. Bromocriptine treatment significantly reduced the enhanced calcium absorption and levels of plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and alkaline phosphatase but had no significant effect on plasma levels of parathyroid hormone. Prolactin administered with bromocriptine to lactating animals prevented all the changes observed with bromocriptine treatment alone. It was concluded that the increased plasma levels of prolactin during lactation lead to high plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 which are responsible for the enhanced intestinal calcium absorption.

Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus on Vitamin D Metabolism and Calcium Absorption in Hamster

1996 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Schedl ◽  
T. Conway ◽  
R. L. Horst ◽  
D. L. Miller ◽  
C. K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Vitamin D Metabolism

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75???86
Author(s):  
Milton M. Weiser ◽  
John H. Bloor ◽  
Amita Dasmahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Calcium Absorption ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism
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