The effect of hulls on longevity of hulled wheats seeds in the conditions of accelerated aging

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
R. L. Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Hulled Wheats ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Positive Effect

The Aim is to determine effect of hulls presence on hulled wheats seeds on their longevity. Results and discussion. In representatives of hulled wheat species T. monococcum, T. dicoccum cv. Polba 3 and T. spelta cv. Frankenkorn, the seeds with removed hulls had in the control and experimental variants higher germination energy and germination level than the seeds in hulls. In the control variant, the positive reaction to the removal of hulls from the seeds in diploid species T. monococcum was more significant (germination energy and germination level increased respectively by 22% and 13%), than the samples of polyploid species T. dicoccum and T. spelta (increase by 3% – 10%). Under accelerated aging, on the contrary, removal of the hulls had a stronger positive effect in the polyploid species (the increase was from 21.7% to 34.0%) than on the diploid species (the increase was by 2% and 12%). Removing the hulls from the grains of the hulled wheats accessions ambiguously affected the length of the primary roots and leaves. In the control variant, in T. monococcum, length of the primary roots in the dehulled seeds did not change compared to the undehulled seeds; in the emmer and spelt it decreased. Under the conditions of accelerated aging, removal of the hulls affected the length of the primary roots in einkorn negatively, in the emmer and spelt – there was no impact. In most cases, removal of hulls had a positive effect on the primary leaf length, with the exception of the emmer variety Polba 3 in the control – decrease by 1,5%). The possible connection of this phenomenon with the presence of inhibitors in wheat hulls established by researchers is discussed. Conclusions. In the representatives of hulled wheat species T. monococcum, T. dicoccum Polba 3 and T. spelta Frankenkorn, the seeds freed from hulls are more longevous than the seeds in hulls.

scholarly journals Hulled Wheat Productivity and Quality in Modern Agriculture Against Conventional Wheat Species

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Leszek Rachoń ◽  
Aneta Bobryk-Mamczarz ◽  
Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Hulled Wheats

The objective of this study is to compare the yields and qualities of the hulled wheats emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) and spelt (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta) with the commonly cultivated naked wheats common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Three years of field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Lubelskie province (Poland) on rendzina soils. The experimental results indicate that the hulled wheats, even when cultivated with advanced technology, produced lower yields compared to the common and durum wheats (reduced by 30–56%). In spite of their lower yields, emmer and spelt retained appropriate technological parameters. Higher ash, protein, and wet gluten yields were characteristic of the hulled wheats; however, the high gluten spread of emmer (13.3 mm) may limit its application as a raw material in some food processes. In summary, hulled wheat species can be recommended for modern agricultural production as an alternative source of high-quality materials for the agricultural and food industries.

Moisture level effect on seed longevity of wheat species representatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
R.L. Boguslavskyi ◽  
V.S. Lyutenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Seed Moisture

Аim. To determine the optimum moisture content and comparative longevity of seeds of wheat species accessions for long-term storage according to the results of the “accelerated seed aging” experiment. Results and Discussion. There was estimated seed longevity of the representatives of wheat species Triticum aestivum L., T. spelta L., T. durum Desf., T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl., T. monococcum L., T. sinskajae A. Filat. et Kurk. of three reproduction years – 2014, 2016 and 2017, at three moisture levels – 5 %, 6 % and 7 % in the experiment with accelerated aging. Germination energy and germination rate depended on the year conditions, seed moisture, the interactions year – genotype, year – seed moisture and all three factors: year conditions, seed moisture, genotype (influence power from 16.1 to 20.1). Accelerated aging caused decrease in seed germination energy and germination rate in almost all samples at all three moisture levels. Under the accelerated aging, with an increase in seed moisture content from 5 % to 7 %, on average by the accessions, the seed germination energy (from 83 % to 63 %) and germination rate (from 90 % to 68 %) decreased on samples. At all three moisture levels, relatively high germination energy and germination rate after accelerated aging had T.monococcum (86-95 % and 88-97 %) and Polba 3 (74-96 % and 85-98 %). A low germination energy (66-69 % и 68-77 %) and germination rate showed T.sinskajae UA0300224 (66-69 %) and T.durum Spadschyna (56-75 % и 61-92 %). At all three seed moisture levels, the high plasticity of germination energy had T.sinskajae UA0300224 and T.durum Spadschina, germination rate – T.sinskajae. With all three seed moisture levels, T.sinskajae UA0300224 and T.aestivum Harkivska 26 were characterized by stable germination rate. Conclusions. The highest seed longevity of the studied accessions is provided by moisture of 5%, less but close longevity – the moisture of 6%. The least longevity in three test options had seeds with 7 % moisture content. Among studied accessions of wheat species most longevous seeds had T.monococcum UA0300439 and Polba 3. The seeds of T.sinskajae UA0300224 and T.astivum PI619379 were less longevous.

Удобрение огурца в Западной Сибири

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.А. Кuznetsova ◽  
N.А. Коlpakov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Doses

Показано, что длительное применение как минеральных, так и органических удобрений в различных дозах и сочетаниях положительно влияет на урожайность огурца. Установлено, что в условиях 14-й ротации урожайность на всех вариантах опыта была выше, чем на контрольном варианте и составила 16,4–22,3 т/га, против 16,0 т/га в контроле.The authors show that the long-term use of both mineral and organic fertilizers in different doses and combinations has a positive effect on the yield of cucumber. It was found that under 14 rotation conditions the yield on all variants of the experiment was higher than on the control variant and amounted to 16.4–22.3 t/ha, against 16.0 t/ha on the control.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium nanoparticles on the formation of the corn crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
O. V. Chernikova ◽  
L. E. Ampleeva ◽  
Yu. A. Mazhaisky
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Corn Grains

Peculiarities of yield formation of maize variety Obskiy 140 the cultivation of it with the use of selenium nanoparticles of an optimum concentration. The experiment was carried out in soil culture in 3-fold repetition. Agrochemical parameters of soil: рН 6,2; the КСl humus of 2.6%; P O 204 mg/kg and K O 219 mg/kg soil. Four variants of the experiment were developed: control 1 (dry seeds), 2 5 2 control 2 (soaking seeds in water), NP Se inlay (semi-dry etching) and NP Se soaking (30 minutes before sowing at the rate of 0,1 g/ha of NP selenium). In the experiments, NP Se containing 3,7 mg of nanopreparation Se in 1 liter of water was used. The positive effect of selenium nanoparticles on the growth processes of maize seeds: germination, germination energy, growth force is shown. Se NP seed treatment increases germination energy by 6,90 and 9,13%, laboratory germination by 4,67 and 8,34%, growth strength by 26,32 and 31,05%, respectively, control 2 (soaking in water) and control 1 (dry change). Under adverse conditions, the use of selenium nanoparticles increases the growth of plants in height. Positive effect on the accumulation of starch in corn grains inlay NP Se, and soaking in this drug increases the content of protein fractions. The greatest increase in the yield of dry corn phytomass provides soaking seeds with selenium nanoparticles, which is caused by an increase in the yield of green corn mass.

Analysis of the influence of particle and poplar fibres share on selected properties of particle-fibre boards

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Karol Zaraziński ◽  
Piotr Boruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Density Profile ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Poplar Hybrid ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Positive Effect

Analysis of the influence of particle and poplar fibres share on selected properties of particle-fibre boards. As a part of the study, one-layer particle-fibre boards with 12 mm thick and of average density 650 kg/m3 were manufactured from plantation poplar ‘Hybrid 275’ wood.. For the control variant a typical industrial raw material (pine wood) was used. The following properties were determined for the boards: modulus of rapture (MOR), density profile, modulus of elasticity at static bending (MOE), internal bond (IB), thickness swelling (TS) after 2h and 24h soaking in water. On the basis of conducted study, it was found that the addition of poplar fibers to particle-fibre boards in most cases has a positive effect on the values of determined properties – an increase in strength was noted, except for internal bond (IB). In the case of thickness swelling of the boards after 24 h soaking in water, it was noted that with the increase in the share of poplar fibers in the boards, the value of the tested property decreased (which was not clear in the case of thickness swelling of boards after 2 h soaking in water).

scholarly journals Some Mechanisms Modulating the Root Growth of Various Wheat Species under Osmotic-Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Nina V. Terletskaya ◽  
Tamara E. Lee ◽  
Nazira A. Altayeva ◽  
Nataliya O. Kudrina ◽  
Irina V. Blavachinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Species Specific

The role of the root in water supply and plant viability is especially important if plants are subjected to stress at the juvenile stage. This article describes the study of morphophysiological and cytological responses, as well as elements of the anatomical structure of primary roots of three wheat species, Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Shuebl., and Triticum aestivum L., to osmotic stress. It was shown that the degree of plasticity of root morphology in water deficit affected the growth and development of aboveground organs. It was found that in conditions of osmotic stress, the anatomical root modulations were species-specific. In control conditions the increase in absolute values of root diameter was reduced with the increase in the ploidy of wheat species. Species-specific cytological responses to water deficit of apical meristem cells were also shown. The development of plasmolysis, interpreted as a symptom of reduced viability apical meristem cells, was revealed. A significant increase in enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase under osmotic stress was found to be one of the mechanisms that could facilitate root elongation in adverse conditions. The tetraploid species T. dicoccum Shuebl. were confirmed as a source of traits of drought tolerant primary root system for crosses with wheat cultivars.

Evidence for genetic suppression of heterogenetic chromosome pairing in polyploidy species of Solanum, sect. Petota

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Suppression ◽  
Solanum Sect ◽  
Paradoxical Results

Data on chromosome pairing in haploids and interspecific hybrids of Solanum, sect. Petota reported in the literature were used to determine whether the diploidlike chromosome pairing that occurs in some of the polyploid species of the section is regulated by the genotype or brought about by some other mechanism. The following trends emerged from these data. Most of the polyploid × polyploid hybrids had high numbers of univalents, which seemed to indicate that the polyploid species were constructed from diverse genomes. Haploids, except for those derived from S. tuberosum, had incomplete chromosome pairing. All hybrids from diploid × diploid crosses had more or less regular chromosome pairing, which suggested that all investigated diploid species have the same genome. Likewise, hybrids from polyploid × diploid crosses had high levels of chromosome pairing. These paradoxical results are best explained if it is assumed that (i) the genotypes of most polyploid species, but not those of the diploid species, suppress heterogenetic pairing, (ii) that nonstructural chromosome differentiation is present among the genomes of both diploid and polyploid species, and (iii) the presence of the genome of a diploid species in a polyploid × diploid hybrid results in promotion of heterogenetic pairing. It is, therefore, concluded that heterogenetic pairing in most of the polyploid species is genetically suppressed.

scholarly journals Polyploidy Induces Centromere Association

2000 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Martinez-Perez ◽  
Peter J. Shaw ◽  
Graham Moore
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Affect Gene Expression ◽  
Segregation Of Chromosomes

Many species exhibit polyploidy. The presence of more than one diploid set of similar chromosomes in polyploids can affect the assortment of homologous chromosomes, resulting in unbalanced gametes. Therefore, a mechanism is required to ensure the correct assortment and segregation of chromosomes for gamete formation. Ploidy has been shown to affect gene expression. We present in this study an example of a major effect on a phenotype induced by ploidy within the Triticeae. We demonstrate that centromeres associate early during anther development in polyploid species. In contrast, centromeres in diploid species only associate at the onset of meiotic prophase. We propose that this mechanism provides a potential route by which chromosomes can start to be sorted before meiosis in polyploids. This explains previous reports indicating that meiotic prophase is shorter in polyploids than in their diploid progenitors. Even artificial polyploids exhibit this phenotype, suggesting that the mechanism must be present in diploids, but only expressed in the presence of more than one diploid set of chromosomes.

WHEAT EVOLUTION

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Breiman ◽  
Dan Graur
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Genomes ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Independent Evolutionary History

Many wild and cultivated wheat species are amphidiploid, i.e., they are polyploid species containing two or more distinct nuclear genomes, each with its own independent evolutionary history, but whose genetic behavior resembles that of diploids. Amphidiploidy has important evolutionary consequences in wheat. Since the beginning of this century different methods have been employed to identify the diploid donors of the coexisting genomes in the polyploids. To date, several of the genomic donors have been identified, and the search for the others has been narrowed down considerably. Molecular methodologies that are being increasingly used in studies aimed at reconstructing the evolutionary history of wheat species and their wild relatives have resolved many of the phylogenetic relationships among the various taxa.

Patterns of resistance to three cereal aphids among wheats in the genus Triticum (Poaceae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Migui ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Triticum Araraticum

AbstractForty-one accessions of wild and cultivated wheats belonging to 19 Triticum species were tested in the field for resistance to three species of aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Sitobion avenae Fabricius and Schizaphis graminum Rondani. Antibiotic resistance was estimated by the increase in biomass of aphids over 21 days on adult plants. Overall resistance was estimated by the plant biomass lost due to aphid infestation. All three species of aphids survived and reproduced on all wheats, and reduced spike biomass compared to uninfested controls. The level of antibiosis varied among wheat species and among accessions, with accessions from three, five and one species showing antibiosis to R. padi, S. avenae and S. graminum, respectively. Overall resistance to the three aphid species was observed in five to seven accessions per aphid species. Resistance was usually specific to one aphid species. The frequency of accessions with antibiosis or overall resistance was associated with the ploidy level of the plant species. Except for overall resistance to R. padi, resistance was highest for diploid species and lowest for hexaploid species. No consistent relationship between resistance and level of domestication was detected. Accessions of the wild wheats, Triticum boeoticum Bois, Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. and Triticum araraticum Jakubz. exhibited high levels of resistance to aphids, as did Triticum monococcum L. which is derived from T. boeoticum. Nevertheless, individual susceptible or resistant accessions occurred at all levels within the evolutionary tree of wheat.

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