scholarly journals DINAMIKA UNI EROPA : INTEGRASI KAWASAN DAN REFERENDUM BRITANIA RAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Luneto
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration

Kerjasama kawasan Uni Eropa adalah salah satu bentuk interdependence regional yang didasari pada identitas. UE sebagai sebuah institusi regional dan actor baru dalam politik internasional menjadi sebuah pihak yang memainkan peran penting dalam interaksi dan kerjasama kawasan. Dalam tulisan ini penulis mencoba menjelaskan terkait dinamika kerjasama regional yang bentuk oleh UE berdasarkan konsep regional integration dari beberapa perspektif, adanya persamaan identitas, kebutuhan peningkatan ekonomi hingga pembangunan menjadi beberapa alasan terkait lahirnya sebuah integrase kawasan. Disatu sisi selama kurang lebih 60 tahun UE berjalan, permasalahan muncul ketika Inggris melakukan referendum sejak tahun 2015, pilihan untuk keluar dari keanggotaan UE dirasa perlu sebab Inggris menghadapi berbagai permasalahan terkait kedaulatan, imigran maupun permasalahan krisis yang dialami UE.

Trends of Regional Integration on the Post-Soviet Space: Results of Quantitative Analysis

2010 ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov ◽  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The paper applies a new dataset of the System of Indicators of Eurasian Integration to evaluate the changes of level and direction of economic interaction of the post-Soviet states in the last decade. It analyzes the integration dynamics in the area of trade and migration as well as on three functional markets of agricultural goods, electricity and educational services. The paper concludes that the level of trade integration on the post-Soviet space continues declining, while there is a rapid increase of the labor market integration. Three largest countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - demonstrate positive integration dynamics, but small countries maintain the leading position in the area of post-Soviet integration.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

From Trinidad and Tobago to the World: Determining the role of Calypso in a new Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Malek Abdel-Shehid
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
West African ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
New Era ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Cultural Sovereignty ◽  
Caribbean Culture ◽  
Musical Cultures

Calypso is a popular Caribbean musical genre that originated in the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. The genre was developed primarily by enslaved West Africans brought to the region via the transatlantic slave trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Although West-African Kaiso music was a major influence, the genre has also been shaped by other African genres, and by Indian, British, French, and Spanish musical cultures. Emerging in the early twentieth century, Calypso became a tool of resistance by Afro-Caribbean working-class Trinbagonians. Calypso flourished in Trinidad due to a combination of factors—namely, the migration of Afro-Caribbean people from across the region in search of upward social mobility. These people sought to expose the injustices perpetrated by a foreign European and a domestic elite against labourers in industries such as petroleum extraction. The genre is heavily anti-colonial, anti-imperial, and anti-elitist, and it advocated for regional integration. Although this did not occur immediately, Calypsonians sought to establish unity across the region regardless of race, nationality, and class through their songwriting and performing. Today, Calypso remains a unifying force and an important part of Caribbean culture. Considering Calypso's history and purpose, as well as its ever-changing creators and audiences, this essay will demonstrate that the goal of regional integration is not possible without cultural sovereignty.

Has Japan Been Left Out in the Cold by Regional Integration?

CFA Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration
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