Minerals and critical raw materials: potential and opportunities for Argentina

Visión de Futuro - Vol 23, No 1 (2019) ◽

10.36995/j.visiondefuturo.2021.26.01.003.en ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105-122

Author(s):

Diego Murguía

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Strategic Decisions ◽

International Context ◽

The Public ◽

Critical Materials ◽

Critical Minerals ◽

Rich Countries ◽

Sustainability Principles ◽

Critical Raw Materials

“Critical” minerals and raw materials are usually defined as those that present great economic importance and high risk of supply disruption. Their integral use (mining, reuse and recycling) opens a window of opportunity for resource-rich countries such as Argentina. Based on a bibliographic review, this work presents an overview of the potential of critical materials and public policies to promote their use under sustainability principles. The results of historical explorations indicate that Argentina has geological-mining potential of critical minerals. However, new investments are required to value, standardize and digitize the available data. It is also necessary to rank these minerals in the public research agendas and encourage their exploration. The potentiality in secondary resources is difficult to estimate given the lack of data on the generation and recycling of industrial scrap, batteries and other discarded products. In an international context of growing socio-environmental demands and persistent conflict, achieving a sustainable management of critical (and non-critical) minerals implies overcoming the “extractivist” model. For this, it is essential to transform the nature of the linkages between the mining sector, the scientific-technological system, the local productive network and the communities, as well as the ways of making strategic decisions about their use.

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In the Loop – Sustainable, Circular Product Design and Critical Materials

International Journal of Automation Technology ◽

10.20965/ijat.2014.p0664 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 664-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katherine Whalen ◽

◽

David Peck

Keyword(s):

Product Design ◽

Case Studies ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Engineering Technology ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Research Company ◽

Technology Applications ◽

Critical Materials ◽

Automation Technology ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Globally there is increasing concern about a range of materials which have been termed critical materials. This paper defines critical materials as single elements, which are metals, at risk of supply constraints, financially costly, price volatile, deemed economically important and difficult to substitute as a result of their special or unique properties. These metals are used in engineering, technology applications, and product designs. They are widely used and of high value in the field of Automation Technologies. Previous studies have shown that awareness and understanding about critical materials in companies is low. This paper outlines a novel approach to address the company gap in knowledge through the development and testing of a specially developed serious game called ‘In the Loop: The Critical Raw Materials Game.’ Developed from prior research, company case studies, and literature, the game serves as a catalyst for informed discussion about the topic of critical materials. The results of the testing demonstrate the applicability of the approach to the automation technology field and present a roadmap going forwards.

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STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

10.31219/osf.io/r5268 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Onsardi Onsardi

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

External Factors ◽

Consumer Loyalty ◽

Internal Factors ◽

The Public ◽

Typical Food ◽

Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

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GREEN BONDS AS A NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.07.03.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 98-102

Author(s):

M. V. DUBROVA ◽

◽

N. N. ZHILINA ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Green Economy ◽

Non Profit ◽

The Public ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Green Finance ◽

Non Profit Organizations

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in Russia there is no effective mechanism of state support for the activities of non-profit organizations in the field of “green Finance”. The role of non-profit organizations is leveled, which can become a serious help in solving economic problems, in particular, the problems of recycling and processing of secondary raw materials, the placement of industrial waste and household garbage, and landscaping of large megacities. The main financial burden in the field of “green economy” falls on States and large enterprises. Meanwhile, we cannot ignore the important role of non-profit organizations that can not only draw attention to environmental problems to the public, but also offer their own measures to solve environmental problems. In this regard, it becomes relevant to consider the participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of environmental projects by attracting “green Finance”.

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Archaeologists and the Dead

10.1093/oso/9780198753537.001.0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

Ethical Considerations ◽

International Context ◽

The Public ◽

The Us ◽

The Dead ◽

The Many ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship ◽

Experience Effect

This volume addresses the relationship between archaeologists and the dead, through the many dimensions of their relationships: in the field (through practical and legal issues), in the lab (through their analysis and interpretation), and in their written, visual and exhibitionary practice--disseminated to a variety of academic and public audiences. Written from a variety of perspectives, its authors address the experience, effect, ethical considerations, and cultural politics of working with mortuary archaeology. Whilst some papers reflect institutional or organizational approaches, others are more personal in their view: creating exciting and frank insights into contemporary issues that have hitherto often remained "unspoken" among the discipline. Reframing funerary archaeologists as "death-workers" of a kind, the contributors reflect on their own experience to provide both guidance and inspiration to future practitioners, arguing strongly that we have a central role to play in engaging the public with themes of mortality and commemoration, through the lens of the past. Spurred by the recent debates in the UK, papers from Scandinavia, Austria, Italy, the US, and the mid-Atlantic, frame these issues within a much wider international context that highlights the importance of cultural and historical context in which this work takes place.

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Potential Benefits and Constraints of Development of Critical Raw Materials’ Production in the EU: Analysis of Selected Case Studies

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources10070067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Katarzyna Guzik ◽

Krzysztof Galos ◽

Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska ◽

Toni Eerola ◽

Pasi Eilu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Social Acceptance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Local Level ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Abandoned Mines ◽

Social Constraints ◽

Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽

The Eu ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.

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The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1826

Author(s):

Mihaela Girtan ◽

Antje Wittenberg ◽

Maria Luisa Grilli ◽

Daniel P. S. de Oliveira ◽

Chiara Giosuè ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scientific Community ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Innovation Networks ◽

Supply Risk ◽

European Cooperation ◽

Research And Innovation ◽

The Earth ◽

Critical Raw Materials

This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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Party Messaging in the U.S. House of Representatives

Political Research Quarterly ◽

10.1177/10659129211029712 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106591292110297

Author(s):

Tyler Hughes ◽

Gregory Koger

Keyword(s):

House Of Representatives ◽

Voting Behavior ◽

Policy Debate ◽

Strategic Decisions ◽

The Public ◽

Substantive Content ◽

Legislative Agenda ◽

The Media ◽

Party Members ◽

The U.S

Both Congressional parties compete to promote their own reputations while damaging the opposition party’s brand. This behavior affects both policy-making agendas and the party members’ communications with the media and constituents. While there has been ample study of partisan influence on legislative agenda-setting and roll call voting behavior, much less is known about the parties’ efforts to shape the public debate. This paper analyzes two strategic decisions of parties: the timing of collective efforts to influence the public policy debate and the substantive content of these “party messaging” events. These dynamics are analyzed using a unique dataset of 50,195 one-minute speeches delivered on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 to 2016. We find a pattern of strategic matching—both parties are more likely to engage in concurrent messaging efforts, often on the same issue.

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Complex Concentrated Alloys for Substitution of Critical Raw Materials in Applications for Extreme Conditions

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1197

Author(s):

Dumitru Mitrica ◽

Ioana Cristina Badea ◽

Beatrice Adriana Serban ◽

Mihai Tudor Olaru ◽

Denisa Vonica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Extreme Environment ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

The European Union ◽

Critical Metals ◽

Research Directions ◽

Level Of Involvement ◽

General Evaluation ◽

Critical Metal ◽

Critical Raw Materials

The paper is proposing a mini-review on the capability of the new complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) to substitute or reduce the use of critical raw materials in applications for extreme conditions. Aspects regarding the regulations and expectations formulated by the European Union in the most recent reports on the critical raw materials were presented concisely. A general evaluation was performed on the CCAs concept and the research directions. The advantages of using critical metals for particular applications were presented to acknowledge the difficulty in the substitution of such elements with other materials. In order to establish the level of involvement of CCAs in the reduction of critical metal in extreme environment applications, a presentation was made of the previous achievements in the field and the potential for the reduction of critical metal content through the use of multi-component compositions.

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