INVESTIGATING WATER AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES WITH RESPECT TO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND WATER CONSUMPTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrianna Bradley
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Grosvenor ◽  
Melissa C. Lott ◽  
Michael E. Webber

The impacts of the U.S. transportation and electricity generation sectors include air emissions and water consumption. Information and communication technologies (ICT) such as advanced video teleconferencing have the potential to displace some activities that have historically required transportation. While ICT can reduce environmental impacts compared to transportation options in many cases, there are non-obvious environmental trade-offs associated with replacing transportation with ICT. These tradeoffs are the consequence of many factors, including the particular local electricity mix, meeting duration, number of meeting participants, travel distances, travel modes, motive transport conversion technologies, and transport fuels. Identifying and quantifying these trade-offs is the focus of this research. For this study, a nomenclature and methodology were developed to compare environmental trade-offs associated with transportation and ICT. The nomenclature was designed to facilitate side-by-side comparison of the environmental impacts of travel and ICT and to allow expansion of the nomenclature for future study. The methodology considered a variety of conversion technologies for motive transport including spark-ignition, compression-ignition, fuel cells, and electric motors. Both conventional and developing fuels were considered including gasoline, ethanol, diesel, biodiesel, natural gas, hydrogen, and electricity. Likewise, electricity consumption for ICT included both traditional and developing electricity generation technologies. Carbon dioxide emissions and water consumption for ICT were assessed for comparison with transportation in a case study that demonstrated use of this methodology by considering three distinct scenarios for a particular business meeting: 1. Two meeting attendees travel to the meeting by diesel city bus while two travel in a private vehicle. 2. All four meeting attendees travel by private vehicle powered by compressed natural gas. 3. The four meeting attendees do not travel, but instead meet their clients virtually via ICT. The case study analyzed in this manuscript considers only the water and carbon dioxide impacts, but the nomenclature developed allows future expansion for analysis of other greenhouse gases. The three scenarios revealed that, compared to short travel distances, use of ICT does not always generate fewer carbon dioxide emissions. Depending on the mode of electricity generation, travel proved to be preferable from an emissions standpoint for scenarios in which travel distances were small. However, in cases that required long distances to travel, ICT often allowed businesses and individuals to reduce their environmental impacts, especially if electric power generation in that location utilized large amounts of relatively low-emissions technologies such as hydroelectric dams, wind, solar, and nuclear. Finally, it should be noted that, in addition to comparing ICT and travel impacts, this methodology can be used to calculate the environmental tradeoffs of various transportation options when travel is a necessity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 04035
Author(s):  
Zhizheng Zhang ◽  
Qingying Hou ◽  
Jin Tao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xuesong Chou ◽  
...  

The development of low-energy buildings is an important initiative to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. According to the data of the relevant papers, if all the northern urban and rural buildings in China adopt passive ultra low energy building technology, it can save about 350 million tons of coal for heating and reduce about 900 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. It’s of great significance to achieve the goals of “peak carbon dioxide emissions” and “carbon neutrality”. Starting from four key technologies for low-energy buildings, explanation and analysis the energy-saving methods for low-energy buildings, It also presents the challenges and suggestions for the development of low-energy buildings in China.


2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1442-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Zhou ◽  
Zi Chao Tan ◽  
Guo Qiang Yang ◽  
She Ming Qiu

Climate change is becoming a highlight of the world. As the world's second largest CO2 emission country, China faces increasing pressure. Energy consumption and utilizing is the major source of CO2 emissions. Optimization of the regional energy configuration can not only reduce energy consumption, but also reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, it will achieve energy conservation and sustainable development. Based on the Eco-city constructed by China and Sino-Singapore, this paper calculates the regional energy-saving under the requirement of existing Energy Conservation Code, plans its energy saving quantity by taking some measurements and then predicts the carbon dioxide emission reductions. The result shows that using effective measures to save energy can reduce 227772t carbon dioxide emissions. Using renewable energy and energy saving measures will reduce 371414t CO2, which has a striking effect. So changing energy structure and using renew energy are main measures to reduce CO2 emission.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Zhukov ◽  
Yekaterina Bobrova ◽  
Dmitriy Zelenshchikov ◽  
Ruslan Mustafaev ◽  
Anastasiya Khimich

Insulation systems: an insulation shell of building creates terms for energy saving, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, natural environment preservation. And it is pressing question of modern construction. The concepts of green building take into account ecology and social protection in processes of work planning and performance, including energy saving.


2022 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 118409
Author(s):  
Yongming Han ◽  
Jingze Li ◽  
Xiaoyi Lou ◽  
Chenyu Fan ◽  
Zhiqiang Geng

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1437-1443
Author(s):  
Hui Qin Dong ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Ji Sun

This paper intends to improve the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in view of the traditional TOPSIS method and combines with the current development of Chinese enterprises. By determining the index weights and attributes, it also constructs a new enterprise decision-making method which based on energy saving and greenhouse gas emissions. According to the survey's raw data, this paper not only calculates the energy levels of conventional coal-fired power plant in North China and an integrated gasification gas-steam combined cycle (IGCC) power plant, but also computes their carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that under the same circumstances, the energy consumption of IGCC power plant is lower than that of the conventional coal-fired power plants, has less carbon dioxide emissions, lower carbon intensity and higher carbon productivity. On the basis, using the improved TOPSIS method, the paper calculates the numerical superiority of two schemes and sorts of them, verified the correctness of this construction method.


2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110402
Author(s):  
Shijun Fu ◽  
Hongji Fu

Introduction: Although forecasting electric vehicles’ growth in China was frequently reported in the literature, predicting electric vehicles market penetration as well as corresponding energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential in a more suitable method is not well understood. Methods: This study chose the double species model to predict electric vehicles’ growth trajectory under mutually competitive conditions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For comparison, it set two scenarios: with 200 and 300 vehicles per thousand persons at 2050. To give details on energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential induced by electric vehicles’ market penetration, it further divided electric vehicles into five subgroups and internal combustion engine vehicles into seven subgroups, therein forming respective measurement formulas. Results: This paper solved the double species model and thus got its analytical formula. Then it employed the analytical formula to conduct an empirical study on electric vehicles market penetration in China from year 2010 to 2050. Under scenario 300, electric vehicles growth trajectory will emerge a quick growth stage during 2021–2035, thereafter keeping near invariant till 2050. Meanwhile, current internal combustion engine vehicles’ quick growth will continue up to 2027, then holding constant during 2028–2040, afterwards following a 10-year slowdown period. Scenario 200 has similar features, but a 2-year delay for electric vehicles and a 5-year lead time for internal combustion engine vehicles were found. On average, scenario 300 will save 114.4 Mt oil and 111.5 Mt carbon dioxide emissions, and scenario 200 will save 77.1 Mt oil and 73.4 Mt carbon dioxide emissions each year. Beyond 2032, annual 50.0% of road transport consumed oil and 18.6% of carbon dioxide emissions from this sector will be saved under scenario 300. Discussion: Compared with scenario 200, scenario 300 was more suitable to predict electric vehicle market penetration in China. In the short-term electric vehicle penetration only brings about trivial effects, while in the long-term it will contribute a lot to both energy security and carbon dioxide mitigation. The contribution of this article provided a more suitable methodology for predicting electric vehicle market penetration, simulated two coupled trajectories of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, and discussed relative energy-saving and climate effects from 2010 to 2050.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Muhi Muhi ◽  
Jasmina Stanković ◽  
Dušan Jovanović ◽  
Rade B. Božović

So-called "green" hotels that are trying to respect the rules of environmental pollution and reduce it to a minimum have become wide spread recently. The main principle of this trend is to use a variety of methods of responsible hotel operations, to reduce energy, water consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, to take care of the decomposition of solid waste and increase the recycling of waste materials, to use conventional detergents and other chemical agents to the lower measure and replace it by harmless "organic", to prevent or at least reduce the pollution of the environment and, wherever possible to preserve local biodiversity. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of green trends in the hotel industry with a focus on status and opportunities in Serbia. 


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