scholarly journals LOBBYING IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Olena GOLOVNYA
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to the research of lobbying activities as an important component of the process of forming the state policy of socio-economic development. The author emphasizes that the Ukrainian economy has a high dependence on the external environment, as well as high sensitivity to global economic fluctuations. In turn, the openness of the country's economy is a significant factor in its involvement in modern value chains, global and regional integration. It is determined that securing a full-fledged public-private partnership in the modern world requires lobbying as a deliberate influence on the public by the authorities in order to make a number of economic decisions. The study found that the structure of the phenomenon of "lobbying" includes three main components: object, subject, technology. Thus, lobbying in the modern world appears to be a complex process of purposeful influence on the government in order to obtain the desired solution. The purpose of lobbying structures activities is often a series of decisions, in which the adoption of laws concerning economic activity and investment, innovation, and customs policies is of great importance. It is revealed that lobbying requires an extensive network of institutions and organizations - from trade unions and business owners to the media and civil society organizations. Significant influence on the advancement of national socio-economic priorities is exercised by consulting firms, mass media, non-state think tanks, various industry associations. Lobbying in developed countries is a tool for cooperation and communication that leads to progressive decisions that are beneficial to both business and society. This confirms the progressive experience of the USA and the EU. The study draws attention to the fact that Ukraine mainly practices shadow lobbying, since the activities of domestic lobbyists are not regulated by any legislative acts. This is explained by the fact that our business and political leaders benefit from such interaction when large financial and industry groups sponsor, large decision-makers and expensive electoral campaigns.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

scholarly journals The Present Global Crisis and Its Effect on the Turkish Economy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlen Hiç
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The global economic crisis first started in the USA in September 2008 as a widespread insolvency problem caused by mortgage debts of households that had become unpayable. The financial crisis, in turn, caused a serious recession. The economic crisis soon spread to other developed countries because their banks held assets of US banks that had become nearly worthless while exports of these countries to the USA decreased significantly. Then it spread to developing countries because direct private investments (DPIs) and financial funds flowing from developed to developing countries declined precipitously while exports of the latter to the former countries also fell down. The developed countries, however, took proper steps to ameliorate the crisis by lowering the interest rates, helping the insolvent banks financially as wel as launching public expenditure programmes. Turkey was one of the worst hit countries because she had been following wrong globalization strategies. Privatization process was corrupt while much of the DPIs went to those fields which did not yield much increase in employment or export potential. But most importantly, Turkey had raised interest rates to abnormally high levels and thereby had vastly expanded her internal and external debts. Hence, as a result of the global economic crises, Turkey suffered a significantly deep fall in her GNP growth rate and a very big increase in her unemployment rate. Though Turkey took several measures to ameliorate the balance of payments deficit and to expand total demand, hence production, the government refrained from making a stand-by agreement with the IMF in order to avoid strict discipline in her government expenditures due to first, local elections and presently, the coming parliamentary elections.

Perceptions of Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Fear, Risk and the 2016 Trump Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brogan ◽  
Frank Louis Rusciano ◽  
Victor Thompson ◽  
Kayla Walden
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Abstract Our study examines respondents’ perceptions of terrorism and counterterrorism in the USA during the 2016 presidential campaign. It does so by conducting an experiment where a group of respondents were randomly assigned to a vivid example of a terrorist attack and another group did not receive this treatment. The study’s results find opposing individual perceptions of the job government is doing to protect the country from terrorism and on differences among respondents as to the root causes of terrorism. Our research points to one explanation of this difference: Americans feel there is little they can do about terrorism and though the government is working to protect the nation, the public feels the government cannot stop, only prevent, terrorist acts from occurring. This causes the public to shift their perceptions of terrorism away from questions of efficient public policy responses to one of values. The experiment suggests heightened levels of fear among 2016 Trump voters who received the treatment compared to both Republican voters and Clinton supporters, though control and treatment groups also showed variation. Finally, this work highlights a major challenge for counter-terrorism policymakers in dealing with a highly polarized public. Recent electoral campaigns have demonstrated that politicians are actively trying to politicize terrorism. This work provides evidence that these efforts are resonating among the public. The danger of politicizing terrorism is that it blocks efforts to find common ground, between polarized groups in society in keeping the nation safe.

scholarly journals LDC Infrastructure Development in the Era of 'Nationalistic Rhetoric': Do International Investments Agreements Still Mitigate Sovereign Risk and If Not, Does It Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
William Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sovereign Risk ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government

Less Developed Countries (LDCs) provide enormous opportunities for companies involved in the development of infrastructure. LDCs couple significant need with often insufficient 'in country' capability or expertise, meaning that foreign companies willing to expand operations into LDCs can find interesting and profitable opportunities. International infrastructure development naturally brings with it the sovereign risks associated with contracting with the government of a LDC. During the last thirty years, governments of LDCs have actively sought the execution of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) with other nations in an attempt to mitigate the appearance of sovereign risk and encourage greater international investment. This has included encouraging foreign companies in the delivery of infrastructure projects. In the last five years, however, worldwide political support for IIAs seems to be waning, as nationalism and populism threatens to replace globalism and multiculturalism as the dominant economic and political theories in the USA, Europe and Great Britain. In a global political landscape dominated by nationalistic rhetoric, we are unlikely to see continued popular support for the protection of foreign companies against national interests by way of IIAs. We are likely to see not only fewer new IIAs, but conceivably governments revoking their agreement to existing IIAs coupled with waning support for ICSID arbitrations. The author submits, however, that there will not necessarily be a marked increase in sovereign risk as a direct result, and that LDCs will continue to provide worthwhile markets and opportunities for infrastructure development. The author submits that IIAs never in any event provided complete protection, and that protection against sovereign risk remains available through the underlying contract and in many cases, through political risk insurance. Further, international participants should look at projects with shorter timeframes to secure the return on investment, and avoiding taking sole risk on project by operating in joint ventures.

scholarly journals TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF THE EAEU WITH REGIONAL AND MEGAREGIONAL INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS: TRENDS, DIRECTION, BENEFITS AND THREATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla A. Pranevich
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Economic Union

The article describes the reasons of participation of less developed countries in the world integration processes, initiated by developed and newly industrialized countries in conditions of intensification of geopolitical and geoeconomic risks in the modern world economy, possible directions of cooperation between them are determined. The assessment of mega-regionality of integration blocks, of their ability to carry out inter-block cooperation and economic integration is given. The state of trade and economic cooperation of the EAEU with integration associations (EU, ASEAN, APEC, SCO), mega-blocks (CETA, RCEP) and their participating countries for the period 2010-2017 is analyzed. On the basis of this features and tendencies of development of trade of the Eurasian Economic Union with the mentioned integration groups are distinguished, the potential benefits of the EAEU participation in the global and mega-regional integration processes initiated by the countries-leaders of integration agreements, as well as from trade and economic cooperation with them, and threats to the Union in general and to the participating countries is defined. The priority directions and algorithms of development of trade and economic cooperation of the EAEU with the considered integration blocks in the format «block – block» and «block – country» are noted, the basis of which is the determination of points of entry – countries and entry goods.

scholarly journals Physical Education in the World in Terms of Hybrid Learning: Takeaways for Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2 (340)) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Halyna Globa ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Tsybulko ◽  
Anatolii Shchelkunov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Hybrid Learning ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of transition to hybrid learning in physical education in different countries and possible lessons that Ukraine can learn and implement. It is investigated that for Ukraine the transition to distance learning meant the introduction of digital inequality. 35% of the population simply do not have an Internet connection at home or do not have enough computers or phones to participate in online classes. In the field of physical education, Ukraine has additional critical factors: economic, housing (too small area of apartments in the majority of the population and their unsuitability for sports), climate (3 cold seasons out of 4), infrastructure, bureaucracy (non-recognition by the government of the key role of mobility for the formation of immunity and healthy mind and body). The experience of transition to hybrid learning in physical education of the leading countries of the world – the USA, Germany, China, Great Britain and Norway was analyzed. It was found that even for developed countries, the transition to digital has led to a significant decline (by 30-35%) in physical activity. The claim that outdoor activities are available only to the population of countries with warm climates is refuted. It is proposed to introduce a Scandinavian standard of physical activity for Ukraine, using the potential of its nature – fresh air, sun, joy of movement and interaction in the game.

Partisan Government and Interest Groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaad Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Government

The chapter further elaborates the theme of partisanship by analysing the role of business groups and trade unions in shaping labour market reforms. The chapter evaluates business and trade unions as contending interests in shaping labour reforms across the states to explain variations in labour market. Disaggregated analysis of relative strength and organization of the interest groups shows that the influence of interest groups depends more on their proximity to the government than material resources or their organizational capacity. This is most evident in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh where relative strength of business groups and trade unions do not corroborate labour market outcomes. The finding reaffirms the centrality of governments and political parties due to the historical weakness of civil society organizations and legacy of state intervention in India.

Regional Integration and Intra-Industry Trade of Engineering Products

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
V. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
The Usa

In a modern world, the national economy plays a double role – of a sustainment mechanism for the population living within the appropriate territory, and of a link in the global value chain. The international labor division may be regarded as a labor division between nation-states. At the same time, the national economy is an open system where the exchange of goods, services, capitals and work force with external world happens to a greater or lesser degree, and which cannot exist without such exchange. The engineering industry has the greatest potential of the intra-industry division of labor. The engineering industry external commercial relations of three countries – the USA, Germany and China – are taken into investigation in the article.

scholarly journals Principle of Irremovability of Judges: Judicial Independence in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Nge Nge Aung
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
The Government

Argument Principle of irremovability of judges is a norm of judicial independence not only in the EU framework but also in the international level.Judges of the Supreme Courts or the Constitutional Court are still removed even in the modern and developed countries. It is deeply related to the lack of independence of the judiciary in Europe and beyond Europe too.  Results and Conclusion The results of the work can be applied in some countries that have not linked  each other with regional integration policy ( like Myamar and ASEAN Countreies). The functions of the Constitutional Court are needed to be updated to protect the fundamental rights effectively in national level and the judiciary should be free from the influence of the legislature and the executive. Cognitive value To learn the best solution for the reconcilement among the three great branches of the government, especially to respect the independence of the judiciary and the principle of irremovability of judges widely accepted as not only international standards but also EU noem.

ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНА КОМУНІКАЦІЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА

2020 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
O. Yatchuk ◽  
N. Kodatska
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Television Content ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Traditional Technologies

<div><p><em>The article presents the dynamics of the main factors for the development of modern television, the transition from traditional technologies of television broadcasting to the latest technologies. The process of developing digital television and broadband has been technically determined to address the challenge of integrating new technologies into traditional TV content. Ways of expanding the possibilities of interaction between the viewer and the television producer in the context of overcoming the crisis of traditional technologies are analyzed. It is determined that integration, development of mobile communications and Internet technologies are a hallmark of the modern world media space and have a significant influence on the formation of public opinion. The analysis of actual media researches concerning problems of the theory of mass communication is carried out. The phenomenon of «social television», which combines watching TV with simultaneous communication in social networks, is considered. The author draws attention to the disclosure of the determining factors of media communication, the study of the process of feedback from viewers on television. It is stated that the development of modern technologies, namely digital broadcasting and introduction of broadband Internet access to create a multimedia platform that combines Internet communication services and television content, contributes to improving the mechanism of interaction between the TV and the viewer. The theory of the conceptualization of journalism based on identity construction is examined: journalists understand their audience and, as members of that audience, connect with their communities. An analysis of integrated journalistic activity is conducted, which consists of three stages: gathering, editing and disseminating information. It is determined that the influence of the Internet allows the consumer to play his or her role at each stage, thus helping the journalist determine the degree of relevance of the story to himself and to the potential audience. The common features of modern telecontent were singled out and a comparative analysis of the trend of development of interactive TV programs of the USA, UK and Ukraine was made.</em></p></div><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> public opinion, two-vector communication, feedback, communication methods, television audience, country telephony.</em></p>

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