About possibility of reduction weight and dimensions of dock’s rack of ship’s cross bulkhead

Author(s):  
В.А. Манухин ◽  
В.В. Попов

Для восприятия значительной части реакции килевой дорожки при доковании корабля в конструкцию поперечных переборок вводится центральная (доковая) стойка, размеры поперечного сечения которой выбираются из условия ее прочности и устойчивости. В традиционных методиках необходимая площадь поперечного сечения доковой стойки определяется без учета работы обшивки переборки и ближайших к диаметральной плоскости вертикальных стоек, что приводит к значительным размерам и весу доковой стойки. Кроме того, сжимающее усилие в стойке в методиках полагается линейно убывающим от максимального значения у днища до нулевого у палубы. В данной работе численно исследуется взаимодействие конструктивных элементов плоской поперечной переборки корабля при его доковании. Целью исследования является выяснение степени участия обшивки переборки и ближайших к доковой стойке вертикальных стоек в восприятии реакции килевой дорожки и уточнение характера распределения этой реакции по высоте доковой и вертикальных стоек. На первом этапе исследования авторами была разработана более простая плоская конечно-элементная модель собственно переборки. На втором этапе использовалась также разработанная авторами пространственная конечно-элементная модель части корпуса корабля, включающая, кроме самой поперечной переборки, прилегающие к ней палубы, борта и днище. Результаты, полученные по обеим моделям, показывают, что сжимающие напряжения в переборке локализуются в нижней центральной ее части, а реактивное усилие от килевой дорожки распределяется между доковой стойкой, ближайшими к ней вертикальными стойками и обшивкой переборки. Причем по высоте доковой стойки реактивное усилие уменьшается от днища к палубе не линейно, а быстрее, что приводит к увеличению критической нагрузки стойки при прочих равных условиях. Установлено, что при обеспечении устойчивости соседних с доковой вертикальных стоек эффективная площадь обшивки переборки и вертикальных стоек, воспринимающая реакцию килевой дорожки вместе с доковой стойкой, может составить более 50% от площади профиля доковой стойки. To perceive a significant part of the reaction of the keel track when docking a ship, a central (dock) rack is introduced into the structure of transverse bulkheads, the cross-sectional dimensions of which are chosen on the basis of its strength and stability. In classic methods, the required cross-sectional area of the dock rack is determined without taking into account the work of the bulkhead skin and the vertical racks closest to the diametrical plane, which leads to significant size and weight of the dock rack. In addition, the compression force in the rack in the methods is assumed to decrease linearly from the maximum value at the bottom to zero at the deck. In this paper, the interaction of structural elements of a ship's flat transverse bulkhead during its docking is numerically investigated. The purpose of the study is to clarify the degree of participation of the bulkhead skin and the vertical racks closest to the dock stand in the perception of the keel track reaction and to clarify the nature of the distribution of this reaction along the height of the dock and vertical racks. At the first stage of the study, the authors developed a simpler flat finite-element model of the bulkhead itself. At the second stage, the space finite-element model of the ship's hull part developed by the authors was also used, including, in addition to the most transverse bulkhead, the decks, sides and bottom adjacent to it. The results obtained from both models show that the compressive stresses in the bulkhead are localized in its lower central part, and the reactive force from the keel track is distributed between the dock rack, the nearest vertical racks and the bulkhead skin. Moreover, by the height of the dock rack closest to it, the reactive force decreases from the bottom to the deck not linearly, but faster, which leads to an increase in the critical load of the rack, all other things being equal. It has been established that with ensuring the stability of the vertical racks adjacent to the dock, the effective area of the bulkhead skin and vertical racks, which perceives the reaction of the keel track together with the dock rack, can contain more than 50% of the required area of the dock rack’s profile.

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anbarasu ◽  
M Venkatesan

This work reports numerical results concerning the cold-formed steel built-up I-section columns composed of four U-profiles under axial compression. A finite element model is developed by using the software program ABAQUS. The developed model includes geometric, material nonlinearities and geometric imperfections. The finite element model was verified against the experimental results reported in the cold-formed steel built-up open section columns. In the parametric study, the sections are analysed with several cross-sectional dimension ratios and lengths, in order to assess their influence on the buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of cold-formed steel built-up I-section columns. After presenting and discussing the numerical parametric results, the article shows that the current direct strength method in the North American Specification for cold-formed steel compression members design curve fails to predict adequately the ultimate strength of some of the columns analysed and addresses the modification proposed on current direct strength method curves, providing improved predictions of all the numerical ultimate strength available. The proposed method is also assessed by reliability analysis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501988640
Author(s):  
Xiao-Shun Zhao ◽  
He Jia ◽  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Li Yu

At present, most space inflatable structures are composed of flexible inflatable fabrics with complex undevelopable surfaces. It is difficult to establish a multi-dimensional folding model for this type of structure. To solve this key technical problem, the motion folding method is proposed in this study. First, a finite element model with an original three-dimensional surface was flattened with a fluid structure interaction algorithm. Second, the flattened surface was folded based on the prescribed motion of the node groups, and the final folding model was obtained. The fold modeling process of this methodology was consistent with the actual folding processes. Because the mapping relationship between the original finite element model and the final folding model was unchanged, the initial stress was used to modify the model errors during folding process of motion folding method. The folding model of an inflatable aerodynamic decelerator, which could not be established using existing folding methods, was established by using motion folding method. The folding model of the inflatable aerodynamic decelerator showed that the motion folding method could achieve multi-dimensional folding and a high spatial compression rate. The stability and regularity of the inflatable aerodynamic decelerator numerical inflation process and the consistency of the inflated and design shapes indicated the reliability, applicability, and feasibility of the motion folding method. The study results could provide a reference for modeling complex inflatable fabrics and promote the numerical study of inflatable fabrics.


2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Lerch ◽  
Nelly Weigel ◽  
Henning Windhagen ◽  
Max Ettinger ◽  
Fritz Thorey ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Shaoyang Dong ◽  
Xiong (Bill) Yu

A significant number of landslides occur in cold regions because of freezing and thawing cycles. The instability of thawing slopes can cause serious damage to transportation infrastructure and property, and even loss of human life. This type of landslide is difficult to analyze by the traditional limit-equilibrium methods, however, because of the complicated multi-physics processes involved. This paper describes a holistic microstructure-based random finite element model (RFEM) to simulate the stability of a thawing slope. The RFEM model is developed to simulate the bulk behaviors of frozen and unfrozen soils based on the behaviors of individual phases. The phase coded image of a frozen silty clay is first custom built and then converted into a finite element model. The mechanical behaviors of individual phases of the frozen soil are calibrated by uniaxial compressive test. The triaxial test is then simulated by RFEM to obtain the shear strength parameters of frozen and unfrozen soils. Coupled thermal-mechanical REFM models are developed to simulate the effects of temperature on the displacement field and stress field in the slope. From the results, the local factor of safety field can be determined. The development of local factor of safety and potential failure surface associated with the thawing process over a typical year are simulated by this new model. The variations in the stability of thawing slopes predicted by this model are consistent with field observations as well as the global-wise slope stability analysis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipeng Zhang ◽  
Lidong He ◽  
Jianjiang Yang ◽  
Fangteng Wan ◽  
Jinji Gao

In this paper, vibration control of an unbalanced single-side cantilevered rotor system using a novel integral squeeze film bearing damper in terms of stability, energy distribution, and vibration control is analyzed. A finite element model of such a system with an integral squeeze film bearing damper (ISFBD) is developed. The stability, energy distribution, and vibration control of the unbalanced single-side cantilevered rotor system are calculated and analyzed based on the finite element model. The stiffness of the integral squeeze film bearing damper is designed using theoretical calculation and finite element model (FEM) simulation. The influence of installation position and quantity of integral squeeze film bearing dampers on the vibration control of the unbalanced cantilevered rotor system is discussed. An experimental platform is developed to validate the vibration control effect. The results show that the installation position and quantity of the integral squeeze film bearing dampers have different effects on the stability, energy distribution, and vibration control of the unbalanced cantilevered rotor system. When ISFBDs are installed at both bearing housings, the vibration control is best, and the vibration components of the time and frequency domains have good vibration control effects in four working conditions.


Author(s):  
Shi Hui Zhou ◽  
Guo Dong ◽  
Zheng Ji Li

Experimental data obtained from full-scale experiments determines the stiffness of wedge connected of scaffold.A finite element model is developed using semi-rigid scaffold node mode.And a reasonable combination of longitudinal span,transverse span and step distance is obtained.The results accords with the relevant standard of vertical load.It provides a theoretical support for the application of wedge connected scaffold.Additionally,the study explores the safety height of the wedge connected scaffold with or without bridging.It provides a theoretical basis for technical regulations.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401771241
Author(s):  
Changyong Liu ◽  
Renji Zhang ◽  
Yongnian Yan ◽  
Changshi Lao

Extrusion container is the most important tooling for steel hot extrusion process. Conventional design using large castings and forgings is very difficult to execute due to high cost and risk. Steel wire wound containers have many advantages over conventional designs. However, conventional wire wound containers are developed for use at room temperature which are not applicable to steel hot extrusion process. In this article, the impacts of preheating on the design of steel wire wound containers are discussed in detail. A finite element model was established to examine the preheating temperature distribution, and a 1:10 scaled extrusion container was manufactured to verify the effectiveness of the finite element model. Based on the finite element model–computed temperature field, thermal stress analysis was performed. The thermal impacts on the stress of extrusion container and steel wire were obtained. Results showed that insufficient stability of internal cylinder and greatly enhanced steel wire stress may lead to the failure of extrusion container. To solve the problems, an improved design was put forward by increasing the stability factor of internal cylinder, reducing the prestress factor and lowering the allowable stress of steel wire. Results showed that the improved design can meet the requirements and counteract the thermal impacts.


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