scholarly journals Color Neighborhood Union Conditions for Long Heterochromatic Paths in Edge-Colored Graphs

10.37236/995 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Chen ◽  
Xueliang Li

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. A heterochromatic (rainbow, or multicolored) path of $G$ is such a path in which no two edges have the same color. Let $CN(v)$ denote the color neighborhood of a vertex $v$ of $G$. In a previous paper, we showed that if $|CN(u)\cup CN(v)|\geq s$ (color neighborhood union condition) for every pair of vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$, then $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $\lfloor{2s+4\over5}\rfloor$. In the present paper, we prove that $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $\lceil{s+1\over2}\rceil$, and give examples to show that the lower bound is best possible in some sense.

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 889-895
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yunqing Zhang ◽  
Yaojun Chen

Abstract In the networking designing phase, the network needs to be built according to certain indicators to ensure that the network has the ideal functions and can work smoothly. From a modeling perspective, each site in the network is represented by a vertex, channels between sites are represented by edges, and thus the entire network can be denoted as a graph. Problems in the network can be transformed into corresponding graph problems. In particular, the feasibility of data transmission can be transformed into the existence of fractional factors in network graph. This note gives an independent set neighborhood union condition for the existence of fractional factors in a special setting, and shows that the neighborhood union condition is sharp.


10.37236/1930 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Chen ◽  
Xueliang Li

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. A heterochromatic path of $G$ is such a path in which no two edges have the same color. $d^c(v)$ denotes the color degree of a vertex $v$ of $G$. In a previous paper, we showed that if $d^c(v)\geq k$ for every vertex $v$ of $G$, then $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $\lceil{k+1\over 2}\rceil$. It is easy to see that if $k=1,2$, $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $k$. Saito conjectured that under the color degree condition $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $\lceil{2k+1\over 3}\rceil$. Even if this is true, no one knows if it is a best possible lower bound. Although we cannot prove Saito's conjecture, we can show in this paper that if $3\leq k\leq 7$, $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $k-1,$ and if $k\geq 8$, $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $\lceil{3k\over 5}\rceil+1$. Actually, we can show that for $1\leq k\leq 5$ any graph $G$ under the color degree condition has a heterochromatic path of length at least $k$, with only one exceptional graph $K_4$ for $k=3$, one exceptional graph for $k=4$ and three exceptional graphs for $k=5$, for which $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $k-1$. Our experience suggests us to conjecture that under the color degree condition $G$ has a heterochromatic path of length at least $k-1$.


2012 ◽  
Vol Vol. 14 no. 2 (Graph Theory) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Gourvès ◽  
Adria Lyra ◽  
Carlos A. Martinhon ◽  
Jérôme Monnot

Graph Theory International audience In this paper we deal from an algorithmic perspective with different questions regarding properly edge-colored (or PEC) paths, trails and closed trails. Given a c-edge-colored graph G(c), we show how to polynomially determine, if any, a PEC closed trail subgraph whose number of visits at each vertex is specified before hand. As a consequence, we solve a number of interesting related problems. For instance, given subset S of vertices in G(c), we show how to maximize in polynomial time the number of S-restricted vertex (resp., edge) disjoint PEC paths (resp., trails) in G(c) with endpoints in S. Further, if G(c) contains no PEC closed trails, we show that the problem of finding a PEC s-t trail visiting a given subset of vertices can be solved in polynomial time and prove that it becomes NP-complete if we are restricted to graphs with no PEC cycles. We also deal with graphs G(c) containing no (almost) PEC cycles or closed trails through s or t. We prove that finding 2 PEC s-t paths (resp., trails) with length at most L > 0 is NP-complete in the strong sense even for graphs with maximum degree equal to 3 and present an approximation algorithm for computing k vertex (resp., edge) disjoint PEC s-t paths (resp., trails) so that the maximum path (resp., trail) length is no more than k times the PEC path (resp., trail) length in an optimal solution. Further, we prove that finding 2 vertex disjoint s-t paths with exactly one PEC s-t path is NP-complete. This result is interesting since as proved in Abouelaoualim et. al.(2008), the determination of two or more vertex disjoint PEC s-t paths can be done in polynomial time. Finally, if G(c) is an arbitrary c-edge-colored graph with maximum vertex degree equal to four, we prove that finding two monochromatic vertex disjoint s-t paths with different colors is NP-complete. We also propose some related problems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Ramón Barral Lijó ◽  
Hiraku Nozawa

Abstract To each colored graph one can associate its closure in the universal space of isomorphism classes of pointed colored graphs, and this subspace can be regarded as a generalized subshift. Based on this correspondence, we introduce two definitions for chaotic (colored) graphs, one of them analogous to Devaney’s. We show the equivalence of our two novel definitions of chaos, proving their topological genericity in various subsets of the universal space.


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