scholarly journals Ceramic Tiles Production from Cullet and Agricultural Wastes Obtained from Wheat and Sugarcane Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
M. H. Roushdy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Agriculture Wastes

Agricultural wastes are a big source for environmental pollution so it’s a good choice to recycle them so as to get an environmental and economic benefit. The purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of recycling two types of agriculture wastes obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation in addition to broken glass (cullet) as raw materials for ceramic wall tiles production. The used agriculture wastes are the agricultural residue obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation. The experimental work starts with performing XRF and sieve analysis for all raw materials. Ceramic wall tiles specimens were made with dimensions 110.4 × 55.4 × 8 mm3 using 27 MPa dry pressing then dried at 120 oC overnight, then fired using firing temperatures equal to 1100 oC or 1150 oC during 15 min soaking time. Water absorption, apparent porosity, and mechanical properties were done to compare them with ISO standards. According to the previous experimental work, it was found that the samples with the composition (10% Cullet, 15% Wheat ash straw, 20% sugarcane) for samples that fired at 1150 oC or (10% Cullet, 13% Wheat ash straw, 18% sugarcane) for samples that fired at 1100 oC has the optimum properties.

scholarly journals Recycling of Cullet, Waste Clay Bricks and Wastes Resulted from Wheat and Sugarcane Cultivations in the Manufacture of Fired Clay Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
M. H. Roushdy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Agriculture Wastes

The agriculture wastes are considered as a big environmental problem. The main purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of producing fired clay bricks from a mixture of agriculture wastes in addition to other wastes. The first type of wastes is the cullet while the second type is the wastes is the waste clay bricks (Homra) and the third is an agricultural residue obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation. The first step of the experimental work is performing XRF and sieve analysis for raw materials. Brick samples with Cubic shape with dimensions 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 were formed by 1 MPa dry pressing then drying at 120 oC overnight. Tile samples were fired at temperatures of 850 oC for 15 min soaking time. Water absorption, apparent porosity, and mechanical properties were determined and compared to ES 4763 / 2006 and ASTM C 62 / 2013 standards. According to the previous experimental work, it was found that the samples that has a composition (38 % Desert clay, 20% Homra, 10% cullet, 15% Wheat ash straw, 17% sugarcane) has the optimum properties with respect to ES 4763 / 2006 and ASTM C 62 / 2013 standards.

Study of Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Environmental Issue in Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ungureanu ◽  
Gabriela Ignat ◽  
Catalin Razvan Vintu ◽  
Constantin Daniel Diaconu ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Crop Waste ◽  
Agriculture Wastes

Agriculture and animal husbandry produce significant quantity of solid or liquid residues and waste products. Unfortunately, some of these wastes are not dealt with properly and are causing considerable damage to the environment. Agricultural wastes (AW) in Romania amount range from 7600 thousand tons a year of which only 1400 thousand tons as animal feed and 1100 thousand tons as organic manure are being utilized. These crop waste results after harvesting in the farm of leaves stem which are characterized as coarse plant by-products and big size, chemically low in protein and fat contents, or, like other country (example: Netherlands) avoid waste as much as possible, recover the valuable raw materials from any waste that is created, try to generate energy by incinerating the residual waste, and only then dump what is left. The focus of the research paper is to investigate the importance of agriculture wastes that becomes very obvious and aggregated after the harvest crops. The most common solution is the utilizations of agricultural waste for compositing, as animal fodder, most often as a source of energy, food production, by growing mushroom on agricultural wastes such as oat straw as a substrate. This means the conversion of wastes to economic, nutritional human food. Growing vegetables on oat straw compacted bales in areas where soil disease and salinity are constrains. The implementation of most of the solutions to agricultural waste management does not meet the basic elements of sustainability like environmental protection and social progression, technical and technological improvement as well as economic improvements.

Synthesis of Industrial Ceramic (Cordierite) from Iraqi Raw Materials Through Solid-State Sintering Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1A) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Mojahid Najim
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Sintering Method

This study uses Iraqi raw materials (Western Desert) which include: Urdhuma silica sand, Duekhla kaolinitic claystone, flint clay, porcelanite, and karst bauxite, alongside other materials (pure silica created as by-product of Qaim phosphate manufacturing processes.), amorphous silica (silica from rice husk ash), Mg (OH)2, and MgCO3. The raw materials have been crushed and milled into sizes smaller than 45µ except the silica sand and kaolin that have been miled into different sizes 20 and 45 µ. Twenty-seven mixtures of different proportions were prepared from the above-mentioned materials. Ninety-two disk samples were formed by semi-dry pressing using the pressing force of 1000 kg/cm2. Those test samples were dried and fired at the temperatures of 1100, 1200, and 1300 ̊°C with temperature rises 50 °C/h and the soaking time of 2 h. X-ray diffraction of those samples shows a difference in the mineral structure according to the firing temperature and the chemical composition of the mixtures. The samples containing the mixtures of 70% Kaolin, 5% pure silica (Qaim), and 25% Magnesite that were fried at the temperature of 1300 ̊°C entirely consist of Cordierite.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SINTERING AND CORDIERITE ADDITIVES ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MULLITE BASED CERAMICS PREPARED FROM IRAQI RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2F) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Mojahid Najim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

Mullite and cordierite are produced in the laboratory from Iraqi raw materials, have been crushed individually to obtain dense ceramic bodies to a particle size smaller than 45µ. Five mixtures of cordierite and mullite have been prepared in which cordierite has been added to mullite with the percentages of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 %. One hundred and twenty disk samples have been prepared using the semi-dry pressing method, with the pressure of 1000kg/cm2. The samples were dried and fired at different temperatures of 1300, 1350, 1400, and 1450 oC, with a soaking time of 2h. Physical evaluation tests (volume shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, and bulk density) in addition to mechanical evaluation tests (compressive strength) have been performed. Samples fired at 1400 oC showed the best rates for the evaluation tests in general, in which the apparent porosity and water absorption for the samples were very low while the rates of density and compressive strength were high. The characteristics of samples fired at 1450 oC were overall poor while samples containing 60 and 70 % cordierite were melted. The best samples in this investigation were proven to be the ones containing 30% cordierite and 70% mullite while samples made out of 40% cordierite and 60% mullite show good mechanical and physical characteristics. The best ideal sample was the one fired at 1400 oC and contained 30% cordierite and 70% mullite.

Effect of Silver Content on the Crystalline Phase and Microstructure of TiO2 Coating Deposited on Unglazed Ceramics Tile

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8179-8185
Author(s):  
N.Z. Hafizah ◽  
J. M. Juoi ◽  
M.R. Zulkifli ◽  
M.A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Growth ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Tio2 Coating ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Tio2 Sol ◽  
Almost All

The synthesis of Ag-TiO2 coating using AgNO3 precursor is expected to give the properties as pure as Ag nanoparticles. Commonly, high concentration of Ag attributed to agglomeration of silver species and reduction to Ag0 particles on TiO2 surface. In contrast, at lower concentration, Ag species exist as AgO, Ag2O and Ag0. Hence, the exact amount of Ag, which can effectively control the particle growth and agglomeration, surface area, thermal stability and band gap of the TiO2 coating, are still vague and stated differently. In the present study, the effect of Ag content on the phase transformation and surface morphology of Ag-TiO2 coating were reported. TiO2 sol were prepared by incorporating Ag at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mol % and deposited on unglazed ceramic tiles thru five times dip coating. The deposited Ag-TiO2 coatings were heat treated at 500 °C for 1 hour soaking time. XRD analyses revealed that the deposited Ag-TiO2 coating consists of anatase, rutile, Ag2O and metallic Ag. Almost all the coating surfaces illustrated cracks. Increased Ag content lead to presence of tiny particles on the surfaces and EDX spectrum revealed the presence of Ti, O and metallic Ag particles. However, at the addition of 5 mol % Ag, there was no metallic Ag presence and a dense coating with the lowest thickness of ±11.4µm is observed.

Radiological, structural and chemical characterization of raw materials and ceramic tiles in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 323 (2) ◽  
pp. 861-874
Author(s):  
Predrag Kuzmanović ◽  
Nataša Todorović ◽  
Jovana Nikolov ◽  
Jovana Knežević ◽  
Bojan Miljević
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ceramic Tiles

Characterization of Ceramic Tiles Added with EAF Slag Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao Ter Teo ◽  
Abu Seman Anasyida ◽  
Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Eaf Slag ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Slag Waste

The increasing production of steel leads to an increment of solid wastes generated especially Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag. This becomes a serious concern as the slag has to be disposed in a proper manner in order to avoid dumping in landfills which will eventually occupy available land and may cause permanent damage to the flora and fauna. In this project, an attempt was made to utilize the EAF slag as one of the raw materials in ceramic tiles. Results obtained showed that as percentage of EAF slag added was increased up to 60%, percentage of apparent porosity and water absorption were found to increase, accompanied by reduction in flexural strength due to more severe porosity was observed in the tiles. On the other hand, reducing the percentage of EAF slag up to 40% while increasing percentage of ball clay added led to formation of higher total percentage of anortite and wollastonite minerals. This would contribute to higher flexural strength of tiles. In addition, by adding silica and feldspar, the flexural strength of tile produced was further improved due to optimization of densification process. Highest flexural strength of EAF slag based tiles was attained at composition of 40% EAF slag 30% ball clay 10% feldspar 20% silica. It was observed that properties of ceramic tiles added with EAF slag, especially flexural strength are comparable with commercial ceramic tiles. Therefore, the EAF slag ceramic tiles have great potential to be made into high flexural strength or wear resistant floor tiles.

scholarly journals Properties dependence of the lightweight alumina products obtained by a semi-dry pressing method on the alumina type

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
V. V. Martynenko ◽  
Yu. A. Krakhmal ◽  
K. I. Kushchenko ◽  
T. G. Tishina
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Alumina Grade ◽  
Pitch Coke ◽  
Calcium Hexaluminate ◽  
Dry Pressing

Lightweight materials are widely used in industry for thermal insulation of various thermal units. The choice of lightweight material depends on the specific conditions of service. For the lining of high-temperature units operating in reducing environments, alumina lightweight products are used that contain a minimum amount of Fe2O3 impurities and free (unbound in compounds) SiO2. In JSC “URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” a technology of alumina lightweight products of grades KLA-1.1 and KLA-1.3 by a semi-dry pressing method with an application temperature of up to 1550 °C has been developed. These products are made from a mixture of ground and no-milled γ-form alumina of grade 0 and α-form alumina of grade S with additives of pitch coke and chalk. The work purpose was improvement of the alumina lightweight products technology and search for new alternative raw materials along with the currently used alumina grade S. The properties dependence of alumina lightweight products, obtained by the semi-dry pressing method, on the type of alumina α-form, was investigated. As a result of the studies, it was found that, for the manufacture of alumina lightweight products of grades KLA-1.1 and KLA-1.3 by the semi-dry pressing method, alumina grades N and NR can be used as an alternative alumina-containing raw material along with alumina grade S. The phase composition of alumina lightweight products of grades KLA-1.1 and KLA-1.3, which are manufactured using alumina grades S, N and NR, was represented mainly by corundum and calcium hexaluminate. The alumina lightweight products, which were manufactured using alumina grades S, N and NR, were characterized by similar high properties and correspond the technical requirements for grades KLA-1.1 and KLA-1.3.

White Pastes Designed from Morrocan Raw-Materials for Ceramic Tiles Fabrication

2001 ◽  
Vol 206-213 ◽  
pp. 1835-1840
Author(s):  
Redouane Moussa ◽  
A. Assifaoui ◽  
A. Sarhiri ◽  
M. Gomina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Tiles
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