ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILVER BISILICATE IN EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Margarita Tyndyk ◽  
Irina Popovich ◽  
A. Malek ◽  
R. Samsonov ◽  
N. Germanov ◽  
...  

The paper presents the results of the research on the antitumor activity of a new drug - atomic clusters of silver (ACS), the colloidal solution of nanostructured silver bisilicate Ag6Si2O7 with particles size of 1-2 nm in deionized water. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of various ACS concentrations in human tumor cells cultures (breast cancer, colon carcinoma and prostate cancer) were conducted. The highest antitumor activity of ACS was observed in dilutions from 2.7 mg/l to 5.1 mg/l, resulting in the death of tumor cells in all studied cell cultures. In vivo experiments on transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice consuming 0.75 mg/kg ACS with drinking water revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth since the 14th day of experiment (maximally by 52% on the 28th day, p < 0.05) in comparison with control. Subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg ACS inhibited Ehrlich's tumor growth on the 7th and 10th days of the experiment (p < 0.05) as compared to control.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Salmon ◽  
L Young ◽  
B Soehnlen ◽  
R Liu

The new anthracycline analog, esorubicin (4'deoxy-doxorubicin, ESO), was tested against fresh biopsies of human solid tumors in vitro in clonogenic assay and the results were contrasted to those obtained with doxorubicin (DOX). ESO appeared to be significantly more potent on a weight basis than DOX in these studies, and exhibited a spectrum of antitumor activity in vitro that was in general qualitatively similar to that observed with DOX. In vitro antitumor activity was observed in a wide variety of human cancers including anthracycline-sensitive tumor types. ESO has previously been reported to have decreased cardiac toxicity in preclinical models as compared to DOX. Comparative testing of these anthracyclines on granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFUs) and tumor colony forming units (TCFUs) indicated that the in vitro GM-CFU assay is more sensitive to these myelosuppressive drugs than are TCFUs, and underscores the need for in vivo studies to determine normal tissue toxicity and the therapeutic index of a drug. Early results of phase I studies suggest that with respect to myelosuppression, the maximally tolerated dose of ESO will be about half that of DOX. The increased in vitro antitumor potency observed for ESO and a spectrum of activity (even at one half the dose of DOX) supports the broad testing of ESO in the clinic to determine whether it will prove to be a more effective and less toxic anthracycline.


2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Thomas Nelius ◽  
Courtney Jarvis ◽  
Dalia Martinez-Marin ◽  
Stephanie Filleur

205 Background: Docetaxel/DTX and cabazitaxel/CBZ have shown promise in the treatment of metastatic Castration-Refractory Prostate Cancer/mCPRC however, comparative studies are missing. Toxicities of these drugs are significant, urging the need to modify taxane regimens. Recently, low-dose metronomic/LDM treatments using conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have shown benefits in CPRC in improving the effect of anti-angiogenic agents. Previously, we have demonstrated that LDM-DTX in combination with PEDF curbs significantly CRPC growth, limits metastases formation and prolongs survival in vivo. In this study, we intended to compare the cytotoxic effect of CBZ and DTX on CRPC cells in vitro and CL1 tumors in vivo. Methods: PC3, DU145 cell lines were from ATCC.CL1 cells were obtained from androgen-deprived LNCaP cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by crystal violet staining and cell cycle analyses. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed on CL1 cells/RAW264.7 macrophages co-cultures treated with PEDF and increasing doses of taxanes. For the in vivo studies, CL1 cells were engineered to stably express the DsRed Express protein +/- PEDF. PEDF anti-tumor effects were assessed on s.c. xenografts treated with DTX (5mg/kg ip ev. 4 day) as reference, CBZ (5mg/kg ip ev. 4 days, 1mg/kg for 10 days, 0.5mg/kg q.a.d. and 0.1mg/kg daily) or placebo. Results: CBZ limits cell proliferation with a greater efficacy than DTX in all CRPC cell lines tested. DU145 presented the largest difference. High doses of taxane blocked tumor cells in mitosis, whereas LDM increased the SubG1 population. This effect was significantly higher in DU145 cells treated with CBZ. In vivo, 5mg/kg CBZ delayed tumor growth more efficiently than 5mg/kg DTX. PEDF/5mg/kg CBZ markedly delayed tumor growth compared to all treatments. Finally, engulfment of tumor cells by macrophages was higher in combined treatments suggesting an inflammation-related process. Conclusions: CBZ is more efficient than DTX both in vitro and in vivo.The data also reinforce PEDF as a promising anti-neoplasic agent in combination with LDM taxane chemotherapies.


Author(s):  
С.В. Калиш ◽  
С.В. Лямина ◽  
А.А. Раецкая ◽  
О.П. Буданова ◽  
И.Ю. Малышев

Цель - представить доказательства правомерности гипотезы, что комбинированный пул репрограммированных in vitro макрофагов и лимфоцитов будет эффективно ограничивать пролиферацию опухолевых клеток in vitro , а при введении в организм будет существенно ограничивать развитие опухоли in vivo . Методика. Размножение опухолевых клеток инициировали in vitro путем добавления клеток карциномы Эрлиха (КЭ) в среду культивирования RPMI-1640. Развитие асцитной опухоли in vivo воспроизводили путем внутрибрюшной инъекции клеток КЭ мышам. Результаты. Установлено, что M3 макрофаги вместе с антиген-репрограммированными лимфоцитами оказывают выраженный противоопухолевый эффект и in vitro, и in vivo , который был существеннее противоопухолевого эффекта цисплатина. Заключение. Факты, свидетельствующие, что М3 макрофаги в сочетании с in vitro антиген-репрограммированными лимфоцитами значительно подавляют рост опухоли in vivo , делают перспективным разработку клинической версии биотехнологии ограничения роста опухоли путем предварительного программирования противоопухолевого иммунного ответа «в пробирке». Aim. To test a hypothesis that a combined pool of in vitro reprogrammed macrophages and lymphocytes will effectively limit growth of tumor cells in vitro , and injections of these cells into the body will considerably limit development of a tumor in vivo . Methods. Tumor growth was initiated in vitro by addition of Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) cells to the RPMI-1640 cell culture medium and in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of EC cells into mice. Results. M3 macrophages in combination with antigen-reprogrammed lymphocytes exerted a pronounced antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo, which was superior to the effect of cisplatin. Conclusion. M3 macrophages in combination with in vitro antigen-reprogrammed lymphocytes significantly inhibited the tumor growth in vivo . This fact justifies development of a clinical version of the tumor growth restricting biotechnology using pre-programming of the antitumor immune response in vitro .


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M.A. van der Wiel ◽  
Victoria Jackson-Patel ◽  
Raymon Niemans ◽  
Ala Yaromina ◽  
Emily Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) are a promising class of antineoplastic agents that can selectively eliminate hypoxic tumor cells. The present study evaluates the hypoxia-selectivity and antitumor activity of CP-506, a DNA alkylating HAP with favorable pharmacological properties. Methods Stoichiometry of reduction, one-electron affinity, and back-oxidation rate of CP-506 were characterized by fast-reaction radiolytic methods. In vitro, 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid and multicellular layer cultures were used to investigate the hypoxia-selectivity of CP-506. In vivo, the causal relationship between tumor oxygenation and antitumor effects of CP-506 was assessed. Mice bearing a range of human tumor xenografts were exposed to CP-506 and tumor growth was monitored. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with CP-506 treatment outcome. Results Net reduction, metabolism, and cytotoxicity of CP-506 were maximally inhibited at oxygen concentrations above 1 µM (0.1% O2). CP-506 demonstrated cytotoxicity selectively in hypoxic 2D and 3D cell cultures with normoxic/anoxic IC50 ratios up to 203. In vivo, the antitumor effects of CP-506 were selective for hypoxic tumor cells and causally related to tumor oxygenation. CP-506 effectively decreased the hypoxic fraction and inhibited growth of a wide range of hypoxic xenografts. Two well-oxygenated models were refractory to treatment despite intrinsic anoxic sensitivity in vitro. A multivariate regression analysis revealed baseline tumor hypoxia and in vitro sensitivity to CP-506 to significantly correlate with treatment response. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CP-506 selectively sterilizes hypoxic tumor cells and has broad antitumor activity. Our data also indicate that tumor hypoxia and cellular sensitivity to CP-506 are strong determinants of the antitumor effects of CP-506.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A776-A776
Author(s):  
Russell Pachynski ◽  
Keith Rennier ◽  
Woo Jae Shin ◽  
Ethan Krug ◽  
Gurpal Virdi ◽  
...  

BackgroundChemokines and chemoattractants play critical roles in trafficking that help regulate leukocyte infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. Chemokines/chemoattractants can also modulate tumor cell phenotype and function, as tumor cells express functional receptors for these agents. Chemerin (retinoic acid receptor responder 2, RARRES2) is an endogenous leukocyte chemoattractant that recruits innate immune cells through its receptor, CMKLR1. RARRES2 is widely expressed in nonhematopoietic tissues and often downregulated across multiple tumor types compared with normal tissue. We and others have shown that augmenting chemerin in the tumor microenvironment significantly suppresses tumor growth, in part, by immune effector cell recruitment. As chemerin has various roles outside of leukocyte trafficking (eg adipocyte differentiation and metabolic processes), we hypothesized that it may have additional, tumor-intrinsic effects.MethodsWe investigated the effect of exogenous chemerin on human prostate and sarcoma tumor lines. Key signaling pathway components were elucidated using qPCR, Western blotting, siRNA knockdown, and specific inhibitors. Functional consequences of chemerin treatment were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo studies.ResultsWe show for the first time that human tumors exposed to exogenous chemerin significantly upregulate PTEN expression/activity, and concomitantly suppress programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. CMKLR1 knockdown abrogated chemerin- induced PTEN and PD-L1 modulation, revealing a novel CMKLR1/PTEN/PD-L1 signaling cascade. Targeted inhibitors suggest that signaling occurs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We found that chemerin treatment significantly reduced tumor migration, while significantly increasing T-cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Chemerin treatment was as effective as both PD-L1 knockdown and the anti–PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab in augmenting T cell mediated tumor lysis. Forced expression of chemerin in human DU145 prostate tumors significantly suppressed in vivo tumor growth, significantly increasing PTEN and decreasing PD-L1 expression. Primary prostate tumor cultures that were treated with recombinant chemerin showed significant increases in PTEN and decreases in PD-L1 expression compared to controls. Lastly, analyses of clinical trial data from human metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving treatment with ipilimumab (NCT02113657) showed higher tumoral levels of RARRES2 expression correlated with higher levels of PTEN, higher effector immune cell (eg cytotoxic T cells, NK cells) signatures, and improved clinical outcomes, suggesting a strategy to augment chemerin/RARRES2 levels in tumors may improve responses to immunotherapy.ConclusionsCollectively, our data show for the first time a novel link between chemerin, PTEN, and PD-L1 in human tumor lines. These results show that chemerin – in addition to its ability to suppress tumor growth by recruitment of immune effector cells, may also have a role in improving T-cell–mediated immunotherapies through favorable modulation of PTEN and PD-L1.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Lima Mota ◽  
Bruna Vitorasso Jardim-Perassi ◽  
Tialfi Bergamin De Castro ◽  
Jucimara Colombo ◽  
Nathália Martins Sonehara ◽  
...  

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and has a high mortality rate. Adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and acidosis, may exert selective pressure on the tumor, selecting subpopulations of tumor cells with advantages for survival in this environment. In this context, therapeutic agents that can modify these conditions, and consequently the intratumoral heterogeneity need to be explored. Melatonin, in addition to its physiological effects, exhibits important anti-tumor actions which may associate with modification of hypoxia and Warburg effect. In this study, we have evaluated the action of melatonin on tumor growth and tumor metabolism by different markers of hypoxia and glucose metabolism (HIF-1α, glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 and carbonic anhydrases CA-IX and CA-XII) in triple negative breast cancer model. In an in vitro study, gene and protein expressions of these markers were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The effects of melatonin were also tested in a MDA-MB-231 xenograft animal model. Results showed that melatonin treatment reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice (p <0.05). The treatment significantly decreased HIF-1α gene and protein expression concomitantly with the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, CA-IX and CA-XII (p <0.05). These results strongly suggest that melatonin down-regulates HIF-1α expression and regulates glucose metabolism in breast tumor cells, therefore, controlling hypoxia and tumor progression. 


Author(s):  
А.А. Раецкая ◽  
С.В. Калиш ◽  
С.В. Лямина ◽  
Е.В. Малышева ◽  
О.П. Буданова ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Доказательство гипотезы, что репрограммированные in vitro на М3 фенотип макрофаги при введении в организм будут существенно ограничивать развитие солидной карциномы in vivo . Методика. Рост солидной опухоли инициировали у мышей in vivo путем подкожной инъекции клеток карциномы Эрлиха (КЭ). Инъекцию макрофагов с нативным М0 фенотипом и с репрограммированным M3 фенотипом проводили в область формирования солидной КЭ. Репрограммирование проводили с помощью низких доз сыворотки, блокаторов факторов транскрипции STAT3/6 и SMAD3 и липополисахарида. Использовали две схемы введения макрофагов: раннее и позднее. При раннем введении макрофаги вводили на 1-е, 5-е, 10-е и 15-е сут. после инъекции клеток КЭ путем обкалывания макрофагами с четырех сторон область развития опухоли. При позднем введении, макрофаги вводили на 10-е, 15-е, 20-е и 25-е сут. Через 15 и 30 сут. после введения клеток КЭ солидную опухоль иссекали и измеряли ее объем. Эффект введения макрофагов оценивали качественно по визуальной и пальпаторной характеристикам солидной опухоли и количественно по изменению ее объема по сравнению с группой без введения макрофагов (контроль). Результаты. Установлено, что M3 макрофаги при раннем введении от начала развития опухоли оказывают выраженный антиопухолевый эффект in vivo , который был существенно более выражен, чем при позднем введении макрофагов. Заключение. Установлено, что введение репрограммированных макрофагов M3 ограничивает развитие солидной карциномы в экспериментах in vivo . Противоопухолевый эффект более выражен при раннем введении М3 макрофагов. Обнаруженные в работе факты делают перспективным разработку клинической версии биотехнологии ограничения роста опухоли, путем предварительного программирования антиопухолевого врожденного иммунного ответа «в пробирке». Aim. To verify a hypothesis that macrophages reprogrammed in vitro to the M3 phenotype and injected into the body substantially restrict the development of solid carcinoma in vivo . Methods. Growth of a solid tumor was initiated in mice in vivo with a subcutaneous injection of Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) cells. Macrophages with a native M0 phenotype or reprogrammed towards the M3 phenotype were injected into the region of developing solid EC. Reprogramming was performed using low doses of serum, STAT3/6 and SMAD3 transcription factor blockers, and lipopolysaccharide. Two schemes of macrophage administration were used: early and late. With the early administration, macrophages were injected on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 following the injection of EC cells at four sides of the tumor development area. With the late administration, macrophages were injected on days 10, 15, 20, and 25. At 15 and 30 days after the EC cell injection, the solid tumor was excised and its volume was measured. The effect of macrophage administration was assessed both qualitatively by visual and palpation characteristics of solid tumor and quantitatively by changes in the tumor volume compared with the group without the macrophage treatment. Results. M3 macrophages administered early after the onset of tumor development exerted a pronounced antitumor effect in vivo , which was significantly greater than the antitumor effect of the late administration of M3 macrophages. Conclusion. The observed significant inhibition of in vivo growth of solid carcinoma by M3 macrophages makes promising the development of a clinical version of the biotechnology for restriction of tumor growth by in vitro pre-programming of the antitumor, innate immune response.


Author(s):  
С.В. Калиш ◽  
С.В. Лямина ◽  
А.А. Раецкая ◽  
И.Ю. Малышев

Цель исследования. Репрограммирование М1 фенотипа макрофагов с ингибированными факторами транскрипции М2 фенотипа STAT3, STAТ6 и SMAD и оценка их влияния на развитие карциномы Эрлиха (КЭ) in vitro и in vivo. Методика. Рост опухоли иницировали in vitro путем добавления клеток КЭ в среду культивирования RPMI-1640 и in vivo путем внутрибрюшинной инъекции клеток КЭ мышам. Результаты. Установлено, что M1макрофаги и in vitro, и in vivo оказывают выраженный противоопухолевый эффект, который превосходит антиопухолевые эффекты М1, M1, M1 макрофагов и цисплатина. Заключение. М1 макрофаги с ингибированными STAT3, STAT6 и/или SMAD3 эффективно ограничивают рост опухоли. Полученные данные обосновывают разработку новой технологии противоопухолевой клеточной терапии. Objective. Reprogramming of M1 macrophage phenotype with inhibited M2 phenotype transcription factors, such as STAT3, STAT6 and SMAD and assess their impact on the development of Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) in vitro and in vivo . Methods. Tumor growth in vitro was initiated by addition of EC cells in RPMI-1640 culture medium and in vivo by intraperitoneal of EC cell injection into mice. Results. It was found that M1 macrophages have a pronounced anti-tumor effect in vitro , and in vivo , which was greater than anti-tumor effects of M1, M1, M1 macrophages and cisplatin. Conclusion. M1 macrophages with inhibited STAT3, STAT6 and/or SMAD3 effectively restrict tumor growth. The findings justify the development of new anti-tumor cell therapy technology.


Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3169
Author(s):  
Kevin Doello ◽  
Cristina Mesas ◽  
Francisco Quiñonero ◽  
Gloria Perazzoli ◽  
Laura Cabeza ◽  
...  

Sodium selenite acts by depleting enzymes that protect against cellular oxidative stress. To determine its effect alone or in combination with gemcitabine (GMZ) in pancreatic cancer, we used PANC-1 and Pan02 cell lines and C57BL mice bearing a Pan02-generated tumor. Our results demonstrated a significant inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell viability with the use of sodium selenite alone and a synergistic effect when associated with GMZ. The molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of sodium selenite alone involved apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and the expression of phospho-p38 in the combined therapy. In addition, sodium selenite alone and in association with GMZ significantly decreased the migration capacity and colony-forming ability, reduced tumor activity in multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) and decreased sphere formation of cancer stem cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that combined therapy not only inhibited tumor growth (65%) compared to the untreated group but also relative to sodium selenite or GMZ used as monotherapy (up to 40%), increasing mice survival. These results were supported by the analysis of C57BL/6 albino mice bearing a Pan02-generated tumor, using the IVIS system. In conclusion, our results showed that sodium selenite is a potential agent for the improvement in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and should be considered for future human clinical trials.


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Huck ◽  
Mengkun Zhang ◽  
Alice McDonald ◽  
Doug Bowman ◽  
Kara M. Hoar ◽  
...  

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