scholarly journals Rubber tree and cassava: Biological features, practical use, ethnocultural traditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Elena Muratova ◽  
Tamara Sedelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
The Tropics

Aim. To make a review of Hevea and Manihot, two related plant genera that have been used by humans for a long time, to analyze their biological features, to give information on their use, to present the most interesting materials associated with them. Main part. A review of Hevea and Manihot, useful plants in the tropics and subtropics, is carried out. Their characteristics are given, biological features are considered, and data on the places of origin, on the regions where they are cultivated are considered. Information on their use by people is presented: Hevea as a rubber-bearing, cassava as a food product. Special attention is paid to the cytogenetic features of Hevea and Manihot, information about the ancient polyploid origin of these plants. Conclusion. From ancient to the present time, mankind has been using in everyday life many valuable species of subtropical and tropical plants, including Hevea and Manihot, which are an integral part of ethnocultural traditions.

scholarly journals Construction of merged satellite total O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> time series in the tropics for trend studies and evaluation by comparison to NDACC SAOZ measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3337-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pastel ◽  
J.-P. Pommereau ◽  
F. Goutail ◽  
A. Richter ◽  
A. Pazmiño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lower Noise ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Long time series of ozone and NO2 total column measurements in the southern tropics are available from two ground-based SAOZ (Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale) UV-visible spectrometers operated within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) in Bauru (22° S, 49° W) in S-E Brazil since 1995 and Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) in the S-W Indian Ocean since 1993. Although the stations are located at the same latitude, significant differences are observed in the columns of both species, attributed to differences in tropospheric content and equivalent latitude in the lower stratosphere. These data are used to identify which satellites operating during the same period, are capturing the same features and are thus best suited for building reliable merged time series for trend studies. For ozone, the satellites series best matching SAOZ observations are EP-TOMS (1995–2004) and OMI-TOMS (2005–2011), whereas for NO2, best results are obtained by combining GOME version GDP5 (1996–2003) and SCIAMACHY – IUP (2003–2011), displaying lower noise and seasonality in reference to SAOZ. Both merged data sets are fully consistent with the larger columns of the two species above South America and the seasonality of the differences between the two stations, reported by SAOZ, providing reliable time series for further trend analyses and identification of sources of interannual variability in the future analysis.

scholarly journals About the Knowledge of Teacher Students in Respect to Problem Orientation in Mathematics Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Günter Graumann
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Problem Orientation ◽  
Beliefs About Mathematics ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Problem orientation as a part of mathematics education is required by mathematicians already for a long time and since the beginning of ProMath meetings the situation in school has been improved a little bit, but it is still practiced not sufficiently. Resistors among other enhancements are special beliefs about mathematics education and insufficient knowledge about problem orientation. This is the reason I offered again a seminar for teacher students about problem orientation in mathematics education in summer 2016. In the following first I will briefly discuss different type of problems and then as the main part report and discuss results of a written survey on knowledge to problem orientation at the beginning of the seminar as well as personal comments the students have made during the seminar sessions and in protocols on the seminar sessions.

scholarly journals Implementation of the principle of sale and purchase transactions through MLM in Brand Branch (BC) PT. Herba Penawar Alwahida Indonesia (HPAI) Tanjungbalai

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3376-3385
Author(s):  
Asmuni Asmuni ◽  
Syahnan Syahnan ◽  
Asyura Asyura
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Product Certification ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Used Goods ◽  
Current Reality

Products are "goods and / or services related to food, beverages, drugs, cosmetics, chemical products, biological products, genetically engineered products, as well as used goods that are used, used or utilized by the public", while the halal certificate is a certificate issued by the Central or Provincial MUI regarding the case of a food product, foodstuff, beverage and medicine and cosmetics produced by the company after being examined and declared halal by an institution authorized to issue a halal product certification. In Article 4 of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning the guarantee of halal products it states that "Products that enter, circulate and are traded in the territory of Indonesia must be certified halal". Normatively, the article clearly stipulates that drugs that enter, circulate and are traded in the territory of Indonesia must be guaranteed halal. However, the halal certification process for medicines in Indonesia is waiting for a long time due to various dynamics, this is the content of researchers seeing the gap between Law Number 33 of 2014 and the current reality, we should be able to reflect on other countries as well. Which is more advanced than Indonesia regarding halal certification?

Case of Lutz-Ieanselm's near-articular nodes

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
G. G. Kondratyev
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Tropics

This disease was first noted by Lutz (1891), who observed it among the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands. Iеanselme, observing it among the natives in Indo-China, described it under the name "Nodosits juxta articulaires". Until 1920, the latter was considered a disease of exclusively tropical countries. All the cases described before 1920 concerned almost exclusively the natives and only in some cases Europeans who have lived in the tropics for a long time.

LatinX botanical epistemologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
María DeGuzmán
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
The Tropics

How is the field of Latina/o Studies concerning itself with “botanical epistemologies” in light of what scholar Claudia Milian has described as “environmental forecasts and new forms of LatinX displacements and transitions”? How have botanical epistemologies been associated with LatinX populations in the United States and its territories? How is the present-day “order of things” bringing social, economic, cultural, and ideological pressures to bear upon these epistemologies? As Chipper Wichman, Director of the National Tropical Botanical Garden, explains, “plants hold the answer to mitigating climate change, feeding the hungry, providing cures for diseases, and much more” and “80 percent or more of the planet’s biodiversity exists in the tropics and approximately one third of all tropical plants are threatened with extinction.” Plants provide living creatures with food and medicines and are responsible for producing the oxygen that makes life possible. However, “the loss of biodiversity-based cultural knowledge [of plants] is widely reported, globally as well as at the level of communities and individuals.” Specifically, LatinXs have not received credit for their botanical knowledge or its practices. This essay unearths how Latina/o Studies can help us to think through the relations among “LatinX,” botany, and the crossroads of survival and extinction—what the author proposes as “LatinX botanical epistemologies.”

scholarly journals Long-memory processes in ozone and temperature variations at the region 60° S–60° N

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4093-4100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Varotsos ◽  
D. Kirk-Davidoff
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Global column ozone and tropospheric temperature observations made by ground-based (1964–2004) and satellite-borne (1978–2004) instrumentation are analyzed. Ozone and temperature fluctuations in small time-intervals are found to be positively correlated to those in larger time-intervals in a power-law fashion. For temperature, the exponent of this dependence is larger in the mid-latitudes than in the tropics at long time scales, while for ozone, the exponent is larger in tropics than in the mid-latitudes. In general, greater persistence could be a result of either stronger positive feedbacks or larger inertia. Therefore, the increased slope of the power distribution of temperature in mid-latitudes at long time scales compared to the slope in the tropics could be connected to the poleward increase in climate sensitivity predicted by the global climate models. The detrended fluctuation analysis of model and observed time series provides a helpful tool for visualizing errors in the treatment of long-range correlations, whose correct modeling would greatly enhance confidence in long-term climate and atmospheric chemistry modeling.

scholarly journals Control of Rots and Spoilage of Agricultural Products: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Deshi ◽  
D.L. Wonang ◽  
B.S. Dafur
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Storage Rots ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity

The most important losses in agricultural production which involve the greatest costs on the farm economy occur postharvest. It is estimated that worldwide between 10 and 40% losses of agricultural produce occur postharvest. Losses are more severe in developing than developed nations of the world. Several species of fungi and in some cases bacteria participate in postharvest deterioration and rots of tubers and agro- produce. These include species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Macrophomina, Penicillium and Rhizopus amongst several others. In a bid to control these storage diseases several control techniques including physical, biological, and chemical and in recent times plant-based pesticides are employed. Chemical control has been identified as the most popular and most effective means of controlling plant diseases. However, it is being de-emphasized due largely to mammalian toxicity occasioned by chemical residues in crops. This in addition to many other demerits on ecological health and build-up of pathogens’ resistance to some of the most effective fungicides have prompted search for alternatives. Recently in plant pathology many tropical plants are being screened for fungitoxic properties. This review presents highlights of the different control techniques for control of myco- induced storage rots of tubers and agricultural products in the tropics.

scholarly journals 731 PB 501 INTERGRATING MICROWAVE FOOD PROCESSING INTO PLANTAIN UTILIZATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 537f-537
Author(s):  
O. Smith-Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The Tropics

Plantain (Musa parasidiaca), a staple among estimated 70 million Africans and popular item in the tropics is emerging as specialty ethnic food product in developed countries. It is suitable as menu item for food service particularly in the ripe form when deep oil fried. The perishability of the fruit is a major constraint to wide spread use and distribution. To expand the utilization base in the food service industry, microwave heating process was applied to tempering and cooking of frozen pre-fried slices. The purpose of this is to determine the effect of the process on warmed over properties and acceptability of fried plantain. Large surface area and spherical shape were critical physical factors in the heating thus providing good quality product from taste, texture and appearance standpoint

scholarly journals Petroglyphs of Kangjiashimenzi (Xinjiang, PRC): Once Again about the Chronology and Semantics of the Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Komissarov ◽  
Dmitry V. Cheremisin ◽  
Aleksndr I. Solovyev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Mystery Plays ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

The article discusses a unique monument of rock-art on the territory of Xinjiang – namely the petroglyphs of Kangjiashimenzi (Hutubi County). The person who began scientific investigation of this site in 1987 was Professor Wang Binghua. From that time, the issues of Hutubi petroglyphs became among the most popular topics in Chinese archaeological literature but only in a few publications in other countries and only one – in Russia. This article aims to fill this gap. The Kangjiashimenzi rock-art panel comprises 292 images of different size composed as a whole ensemble depicted using a counter-relief technique, with some grinding after. The images were given in quite stylized (dancing) poses. The male figures are often presented with an erect phallus. The picture also includes several coitus scenes. We supposed this ensemble in general served as a pictorial reflection of ancient mystery-plays connected with genus or tribal worships and with sacred wedding rituals. The main part of the petroglyphs dates to the Middle Bronze Age (circa first half of II millennium BC). On the territory of Xinjiang this period was presented by Xiaohe Culture. Within these rock-art engravings, two groups of petroglyphs, most likely, with later dates can be distinguished though they were very precisely incorporated into the ensemble. Images of ‘tigers’ one could connect with activity of nomad tribes of Saka (circa first half of I millennium BC), and antithetical figures of two horses – with some other nomad tribe of Yuezhi (circa II century BC). In any case, the monument with rock engravings has been created and used over quite a long time. It is very probable that Kangjiashimenzi was a functioning sanctuary, at least for the whole region.

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