scholarly journals DOES HEPARIN HAVE AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC? A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-385
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Plasma Markers

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first reported in December 2019. The plasma markers of coagulation, like D-dimers and elevated prothrombin time (PT) are higher in patients with COVID-19. The administration of anticoagulant is beneficial in those patients. Heparins have many therapeutic functions that are important for the controlling of COVID-19-associated clinical manifestations like, neutralization of inflammatory mediators and neutralization of extracellular cytotoxic histones. Many observational studies in different countries have been done and large number of clinical trials have been designed and registered to evaluate efficacy and safety of heparin for patients with COVID-19. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize all available data from previously published studies concerning the use of heparin in treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Golimumab in the treatment of extra-skeletal manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
A. B. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Insufficient Response ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Extra-skeletal manifestations (EMs) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) can occur and proceed in parallel with inflammatory changes in the joints and spine and often dominate in the clinical picture of AS, determining its high activity and significantly worsening the quality of life in patients. In a number of cases, EMs are characterized by an insufficient response to standard anti-inflammatory therapy for back pain, arthritis, and enthesitis; and there is a need to prescribe another class of drugs.The review highlights the results of studies evaluating the efficacy of golimumab (GLM) in treating EMs in patients with AS: uveitis (GO-EASY Study) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (PURSUIT-SC, PURSUIT-M studies). Analysis of these studies have shown the high efficacy and safety of GLM in reducing the clinical manifestations of AS and in preventing the exacerbations of uveitis and UC. However, despite the successes achieved in treating AS and its EMs, there are many unresolved issues, including those related to the elaboration of optimal treatment regimens, which required longer observational studies with a large sample size.

scholarly journals Antiviral therapy of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Slobodan Janković
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Antiviral Action ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Nucleotide Analogue ◽  
Potential Risks

The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid response to the needs of critically ill patients, and one of the solutions was re-purposing of drugs with wide spectrum of antiviral action for treatment of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The re-purposing characteristically started with outof-label use in single or series of cases, to continue after the first promising results with randomised clinical trials. There are several drugs that are currently tested in ongoing clinical trials: antimalarials hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir/ritonavir, broad spectrum antivirals umifenovir (anti-influenza drug) and favipiravir, antiparasitary drug ivermectin and nucleotide analogue remdesivir. However, up to date only a few trials are completed and published, precluding definitive conclusions about efficacy and safety of these drugs. Until major clinical trials are completed, physicians who decide to use these drugs out-of-label should properly inform their patients of all potential risks and benefits and seek for their consent before administration of the drugs.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Therapy: a Possible Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Shubha Devi Sapkota ◽  
Monika Sharma ◽  
Gehendra Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Infections

COVID 19 is a newly recognized infectious disease that has rapidly spread with no verified treatment available. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). In Convalescent plasma therapy, the yellowish liquid or the plasma from the recovered blood is used to treat the patient suffering from the same illness. For more than 100 years it has been used to treat severe infections with varying degrees of success. For this present infection, multiple clinical trials on plasma therapy are still under vigorous investigations. Despite the very low chance of risks like allergies, lung damage, and transmission of blood-related infection, the therapy has shown a positive result in the recovery of the patients. Many experts are observing its use as a “stopgap measure” until effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are available in a wide range. However, the main challenges faced are finding suitable donors, its expensiveness in the whole procedure, and inability to perform on a large scale. In this commentary, summarization of the convalescent plasma therapy is done as a hopeful alternative therapy of severe or critical COVID 19. It has also emphasized the promising results shown since the past while the use of this therapy in various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment against COVID-19: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huairong Xiang ◽  
Bei He ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Xuan Cheng ◽  
Qizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Bamlanivimab is routinely used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in worldwide. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We searched articles from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and MedRxiv between 30 January 2020 and August 5, 2021. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a control group to assess the efficiency of bamlanivimab in treating patients with COVID-19. Results: Our meta-analysis retrieved 3 RCTs and 7 cohort studies including 14461 patients. Bmlanivimab may help outpatients to prevent hospitalization or emergency department visit (RR 0.41 95%CI 0.29 to 0.58), reduce ICU admission (RR 0.47 95%CI 0.23 to 0.92) and mortality (RR 0.32 95%CI 0.13 to 0.77) from the disease. The combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab may had a greater potential for positive treatment outcome. Conclusion: Bamlanivimab has demonstrated clinical efficacy on mild or moderate ill patients with COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization, reduce severity and mortality from the disease. Combinations of two or more monoclonal antibody increase the effect. Well-designed clinical trials to identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics in COVID-19 patients'population that could benefit from bamlanivimab are warranted in the future.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Changing Landscape of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby A. Escobedo ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Dhiraj K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious, infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan China. A year after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, over 215 million confirmed cases and approximately 5 million deaths have been reported worldwide. In this multidisciplinary review, we summarize important insights for COVID-19, ranging from its origin, pathology, epidemiology, to clinical manifestations and treatment. More importantly, we also highlight the foundational connection between genetics and the development of personalized medicine and how these aspects have an impact on disease treatment and management in the dynamic landscape of this pandemic.

scholarly journals First experience of using favipiravir in the first healthcare worker patient with moderate case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Pompini Agustina Sitompul ◽  
Nina Mariana ◽  
Adria Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
Emergency Intervention ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Disease Hospital

Background: During the early period of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, there was no approved and definitive drug available for the treatment of COVID-19. Favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine was used for re-purposing drugs while their efficacy and safety remained a major concern for healthcare workers. Clinical trial to assess efficacy and safety were ongoing. Case presentation: We present here the case of a 38-year-old woman, the first case of a healthcare worker diagnosed with COVID-19 who had moderate type, including first experience treatment with favipiravir in Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. We present the clinical characteristics, chest X-ray, clinical laboratory profiles, the treatment process with favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine as well as the clinical outcome of moderate type COVID-19 patient. Conclusion: This case highlights that considering the use of emergency intervention outside of clinical trial in the COVID-19 population, the informed patient consent has been given and the use of emergency intervention was monitored. Keywords: COVID-19, favipiravir, medical worker, case report, Jakarta   Abstrak Latar belakang: Periode awal pandemi Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belum terdapat obat yang disetujui dan pasti tersedia untuk pengobatan COVID-19. Favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine digunakan sebagai obat dengan indikasi baru yang sementara efektifitas dan keamanannya menjadi perhatian para petugas medis. Penyajian kasus: Disini kami melaporkan kasus wanita umur 38 tahun, merupakan kasus pertama seorang tenaga kesehatan Rumah Sakit terdiagnosis Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) dengan penggunaan terapi favipiravir untuk pertama kalinya di Rumah Sakit Pusat Infeksi Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia. Berikut ini kami gambarkan karakteristik klinis, hasil foto thorak, profil laboratorium dan proses terapi menggunakan favipiravir and hidroxychloroquine serta hasil akhir pada kasus COVID-19 derajat sedang. Kesimpulan: Kasus ini menggaribawahi bahwa pertimbangan penggunaan kegawatdaruratan obat antivirus diluar uji klinis pada populasi pasien COVID-19, pasien telah memberikan persetujuan dan penggunaan obat-obat tersebut dimonitor. Kata kunci: Covid-19, favipiravir, tenaga kesehatan, laporan kasus, Jakarta

scholarly journals Nigella sativa L. as a Potential Phytotherapy for COVID-19: A Mini-Review of In-silico Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman E. Koshak ◽  
Emad A. Koshak
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
In Silico Studies

Coronaviruses are responsible for several human diseases such as the pandemic infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, there is no effective approved antiviral agent for SARS-CoV-2. Natural products, such as Nigella sativa (NS), provide a wealth of known antiviral compounds. This mini literature review was aimed to explore any published or preprint in-silico data on the binding affinity of NS compounds to SARS-CoV-2 targets. At least eight in-silico studies have shown that some compounds of NS, including Nigelledine, α- Hederin, Hederagenin, Thymohydroquinone, Thymoquinone, had high to moderate affinity with SARS-CoV-2 enzymes and proteins. These compounds might potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and attachment to host cell receptors. These preliminary data proposes NS as a potential phytotherapy candidate in clinical trials for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Novelties in gout

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Marija Radak-Perovic ◽  
Mirjana Zlatkovic-Svenda
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Approved Drugs

Chronic asymptomatic hyperuratemia (HUA), gout paroxysm in patients with chronic hyperuratemia (HU) and normouricemic attacks of gouty arthritis are well known, but poorly understood. A review of the current literature with attempt of its explanation is presented. The natural course of gout is associated with joint structure changes that may be evaluated by different imaging techniques; comparative advantages and shortcomings of each technique are presented. For almost over 50 years the market has not offered new drugs for the control of HU and gout, while management of such patients was a rather neglected field. Over the last five years an unpredictable number of prospective clinical studies have been conducted involving the investigation of the efficacy and safety of new drugs to control HU (febuxostat, pegloticase). The return of pharmaceutical industry into the world of gout has considerably changed the picture. New recommendations have been presented on appropriate colchicine dose regime for acute gouty flares. Emerging therapies, including pegloticase, uricosuric agent RDEA596 and the interleukin -1 inhibitors have shown promises in early and late phase clinical trials. Each of them deserves to be considered for implementation and feasibility in clinical practice as well as outcome measures for clinical trials. Another purpose of this review was to summarize new knowledge on approved drugs to treat hyperuricemia, or the clinical manifestations of gout. Results of several clinical trials provide new data on the efficacy and safety of the approved urate lowering drugs (allopurinol and febuxostat). Lifestyle and dietary recommendations for gout patients should take into consideration overall health benefits and risks, since gout is often associated with metabolic syndrome and an increased future risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This review also summarizes the recent data about lifestyle factors that influence serum uric acid levels and the gout risk, and attempts to provide holistic recommendations, considering both their impact on gout as well as on other health implications.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in Treatment of COVID-19: A Rapid Review of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Khatooni ◽  
Farzan Berenjian ◽  
Zhaleh Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Context: The coronavirus (named COVID-19) 2019 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality around the world and has created serious challenges for health systems. To date, no medical treatment is developed for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. This study is a rapid review aimed to identify and summarize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) for COVID-19 infection. Methods: This study is a rapid review that systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library, until May 22, 2020. Peer-reviewed randomized clinical trials, reviews, and observational studies on the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection were included. Results: There were seven review articles, five clinical trial studies, and eight observational studies focusing on CQ or HCQ to treat COVID-19 patients. Of five clinical trials, three reported favorable outcomes among patients who received CQ or HCQ. Of eight observational studies, four reported no difference between the use of HCQ alone or combined administration of HCQ and Azithromycin with other medications. Three studies showed that the combined administration of HCQ and Azithromycin or HCQ alone is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The included studies reported conflicting results on the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ in treating COVID-19. Therefore, it seems that there is not sufficient evidence about the effectiveness and safety of HCQ and CQ to treat patients with COVID-19 and more studies, which also report long-term follow up results, are needed.

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