scholarly journals Masking interferes with haptic texture perception from sequential exploratory movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Drewing ◽  
Alexandra Lezkan
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Texture Perception ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Intermediate Area ◽  
Information Preservation ◽  
Minimal Stimulation

AbstractHaptic texture perception is based on sensory information sequentially gathered during several lateral movements (“strokes”). In this process, sensory information of earlier strokes must be preserved in a memory system. We investigated whether this system may be a haptic sensory memory. In the first experiment, participants performed three strokes across each of two textures in a frequency discrimination task. Between the strokes over the first texture, participants explored an intermediate area, which presented either a mask (high-energy tactile pattern) or minimal stimulation (low-energy smooth surface). Perceptual precision was significantly lower with the mask compared with a three-strokes control condition without an intermediate area, approaching performance in a one-stroke-control condition. In contrast, precision in the minimal stimulation condition was significantly better than in the one-stroke control condition and similar to the three-strokes control condition. In a second experiment, we varied the number of strokes across the first stimulus (one, three, five, or seven strokes) and either presented no masking or repeated masking after each stroke. Again, masking between the strokes decreased perceptual precision relative to the control conditions without masking. Precision effects of masking over different numbers of strokes were fit by a proven model on haptic serial integration (Lezkan & Drewing, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 80(1): 177–192, 2018b) that modeled masking by repeated disturbances in the ongoing integration. Taken together, results suggest that masking impedes the processes of haptic information preservation and integration. We conclude that a haptic sensory memory, which is comparable to iconic memory in vision, is used for integrating sequentially gathered sensory information.

Iconic memory

1983 ◽  
Vol 302 (1110) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Output Stage ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Categorical Information ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stimulus Features

Investigations of the processing of brief visual displays, and the explanation of such processing in terms of iconic memory, are reviewed. It is concluded that the concept of a pre-categorical sensory memory for visual material remains tenable. The ability to report material from brief visual displays is seen as depending upon parallel (and perhaps unlimited) transfer from iconic memory to a post-categorical memory mode, followed by a limited (and perhaps serial) transfer to an output stage. Decisions about, or responses to, items can only be made when they are in the output stage. Because transfer out of the post-categorical mode can be performed on the basis of pre-categorical stimulus features, pre-categorical information about items in the postcategorical mode must be accessible. One way in which this would be possible is if the transfer of an item into the post-categorical mode takes the form of the creation, to represent the item, of a temporary file of information including both pre-categorical and post-categorical features of the item. Any such feature can be used as the basis for selecting the item for transfer from the post-categorical mode to the output stage, for subsequent decision or report.

Virtually the same? How impaired sensory information in virtual reality may disrupt visually-guided action.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harris ◽  
Gavin Buckingham ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Samuel James Vine
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Vision For Action ◽  
Optic Array

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for expanding the possibilities of psychological experimentation and implementing immersive training applications. Despite a recent surge in interest, there remains an inadequate understanding of how VR impacts basic cognitive processes. Due to the artificial presentation of egocentric distance cues in virtual environments, a number of cues to depth in the optic array are impaired or placed in conflict with each other. Moreover, realistic haptic information is all but absent from current VR systems. The resulting conflicts could impact not only the execution of motor skills in VR but raises deeper concerns about basic visual processing, and the extent to which virtual objects elicit neural and behavioural responses representative of real objects. In this brief review we outline how the novel perceptual environment of VR may affect vision for action, by shifting users away from a dorsal mode of control. Fewer binocular cues to depth, conflicting depth information and limited haptic feedback may all impair the specialised, efficient, online control of action characteristic of the dorsal stream. A shift from dorsal to ventral control of action may create a fundamental disparity between virtual and real-world skills that has important consequences for how we understand perception and action in the virtual world.

scholarly journals Sensory Memory for Odors Is Encoded in Spontaneous Correlated Activity Between Olfactory Glomeruli

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Galán ◽  
Marcel Weidert ◽  
Randolf Menzel ◽  
Andreas V. M. Herz ◽  
C. Giovanni Galizia
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Odor Processing ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Olfactory Glomeruli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
The Brain

Sensory memory is a short-lived persistence of a sensory stimulus in the nervous system, such as iconic memory in the visual system. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying olfactory sensory memory. We have therefore analyzed the effect of odor stimuli on the first odor-processing network in the honeybee brain, the antennal lobe, which corresponds to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. We stained output neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye and measured across-glomerular patterns of spontaneous activity before and after a stimulus. Such a single-odor presentation changed the relative timing of spontaneous activity across glomeruli in accordance with Hebb's theory of learning. Moreover, during the first few minutes after odor presentation, correlations between the spontaneous activity fluctuations suffice to reconstruct the stimulus. As spontaneous activity is ubiquitous in the brain, modifiable fluctuations could provide an ideal substrate for Hebbian reverberations and sensory memory in other neural systems.

When vision is not an option: Development of haptic–auditory integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Karin Petrini ◽  
Alicia Remark ◽  
Louise Smith ◽  
Marko Nardini
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Bimodal Condition ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Auditory Integration ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Single Modality

To perform everyday tasks, such as crossing a road, we greatly rely on our sight. However, certain situations (e.g., an extremely dark environment) as well as visual impairments can either reduce the reliability of or completely remove this sensory information. In these cases, the use of other information is vital. Here we seek to examine the development of haptic and auditory integration. Three different groups of adults and 5- to 12-year-old children were asked to judge which of a standard sized and a variably sized ball was the largest. One group performed the task with auditory information only, haptic only or both. Auditory information about object size came from the loudness of a naturalistic sound played when observers knocked the ball against a touch-pad. A second group performed the same conditions, while wearing a thick glove to reduce the reliability of the haptic information. Finally, a third group performed the task with either congruent or incongruent information. Psychometric functions were fitted to responses in order to measure observers’ sensitivities to object size under these different conditions. Integration of haptic and auditory information predicts greater sensitivity in the bimodal condition than in either single-modality condition. Initial results show that young children do not integrate information from haptic and auditory modalities, with some children aged below 8 years performing worse in the bimodal condition than in the auditory-only condition. Older children and adults seem able to integrate auditory and haptic information, especially when the reliability of the haptic information is reduced.

Hydrocortisone accelerates the decay of iconic memory traces: On the modulation of executive and stimulus-driven constituents of sensory information maintenance

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Miller ◽  
Lisa J. Weckesser ◽  
Michael N. Smolka ◽  
Clemens Kirschbaum ◽  
Franziska Plessow
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Memory Traces

scholarly journals Late- but not early-onset blindness impairs the development of audio-haptic multisensory integration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Scheller ◽  
Michael J. Proulx ◽  
Michelle de Haan ◽  
Annegret Dahlmann-Noor ◽  
Karin Petrini
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
List Type ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Blind Individuals

AbstractIntegrating different senses to reduce sensory uncertainty and increase perceptual precision can have an important compensatory function for individuals with visual impairment and blindness. However, how visual impairment and blindness impact the development of optimal multisensory integration in the remaining senses is currently unknown. Here we first examined how audio-haptic integration develops and changes across the life span in 92 sighted (blindfolded) individuals between 7 to 70 years of age by using a child-friendly size discrimination task. We assessed whether audio-haptic performance resulted in a reduction of perceptual uncertainty compared to auditory-only and haptic-only performance as predicted by maximum-likelihood estimation model. We then tested how this ability develops in 28 children and adults with different levels of visual experience, focussing on low vision individuals, and blind individuals that lost their sight at different ages during development. Our results show that in sighted individuals, adult-like audio-haptic integration develops around 13-15 years of age, and remains stable until late adulthood. While early blind individuals, even at the youngest ages, integrate audio-haptic information in an optimal fashion, late blind individuals do not. Optimal integration in low vision individuals follows a similar developmental trajectory as that of sighted individuals. These findings demonstrate that visual experience is not necessary for optimal audio-haptic integration to emerge, but that consistency of sensory information across development is key for the functional outcome of optimal multisensory integration.Research HighlightsAudio-haptic integration follows principles of statistical optimality in sighted adults, remaining stable until at least 70 years of lifeNear-optimal audio-haptic integration develops at 13-15 years in sighted adolescentsBlindness within the first 8 years of life facilitates the development of optimal audio-haptic integration while blindness after 8 years impairs such developmentSensory consistency in early childhood is crucial for the development of optimal multisensory integration in the remaining senses

scholarly journals Rope jumping pattern under different sensory information conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Wellington R. G. de Carvalho ◽  
Ana M. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Discrete Relative Phase

The present study examined the stability of rope jumping skill measured by relative phase under different available sensory information. Nine male and nine female university students were required to perform a sequence of rope jumping at different pacing frequencies (1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 Hz) and in two different conditions: a) rope was turned by the performer itself (haptic information available), and b) rope was turned by others (visual and auditory information available). Passive marks were fixed on the rope and on the hip, knee, and ankle joint for analysis of the dependent variables: height of the rope, height of the jump and discrete relative phase. Overall, the results suggested that the motor pattern for jumping the rope is more stable when the performer herself/himself turns the hope and consequently is able to use haptic information in order to control the motor action as opposed to when only visual and auditory information are available. 

The E-ring: interactions with plasma and implications for its evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
E. Grun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Particle ◽  
Ring Material

A number of lines of evidence suggest that the particles making up the E-ring are small, on the order of a few microns or less in size (Terrile and Tokunaga, 1980, BAAS; Pang et al., 1982 Saturn meeting; Tucson, AZ). This suggests that a variety of electromagnetic and plasma affects may be important in considering the history of such particles. We have shown (Morfill et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) that plasma drags forces from the corotating plasma will rapidly evolve E-ring particle orbits to increasing distance from Saturn until a point is reached where radiation drag forces acting to decrease orbital radius balance this outward acceleration. This occurs at approximately Rhea's orbit, although the exact value is subject to many uncertainties. The time scale for plasma drag to move particles from Enceladus' orbit to the outer E-ring is ~104yr. A variety of effects also act to remove particles, primarily sputtering by both high energy charged particles (Cheng et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) and corotating plasma (Morfill et al., 1982). The time scale for sputtering away one micron particles is also short, 102 - 10 yrs. Thus the detailed particle density profile in the E-ring is set by a competition between orbit evolution and particle removal. The high density region near Enceladus' orbit may result from the sputtering yeild of corotating ions being less than unity at this radius (e.g. Eviatar et al., 1982, Saturn meeting). In any case, an active source of E-ring material is required if the feature is not very ephemeral - Enceladus itself, with its geologically recent surface, appears still to be the best candidate for the ultimate source of E-ring material.

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