Cognitive flexibility in the wild: Individual differences in reversal learning are explained primarily by proactive interference, not by sampling strategies, in two passerine bird species

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Morand-Ferron ◽  
Michael S. Reichert ◽  
John L. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wild Individual

Environmental enrichment enhances cognitive flexibility in C57BL/6 mice on a touchscreen reversal learning task

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Zeleznikow-Johnston ◽  
Emma L. Burrows ◽  
Thibault Renoir ◽  
Anthony J. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Learning Task

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Limited reproductive impairment in a passerine bird species exposed along a perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) pollution gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 718-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thimo Groffen ◽  
Robin Lasters ◽  
Ana Lopez-Antia ◽  
Els Prinsen ◽  
Lieven Bervoets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Reproductive Impairment ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Acid

scholarly journals Changing our thinking about changing their thinking in older adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407
Author(s):  
Viviana M. Wuthrich
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
New Learning

It is well-established that as people age, deterioration in cognitive abilities including processing speed, memory, and cognitive flexibility occurs, although vast individual differences occur in the rate and consequences of this decline (Christensen, 2001). Anxiety and depression in late life are also associated with specific cognitive deficits in memory and executive functioning that may impact on new learning (Yochim et al., 2013). Therefore, it is possible that cognitive changes make it more difficult for older adults to learn how to change their thinking particularly in the context of psychological therapy.

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AMONG REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS IN CONCEPTUAL SKILLS

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
William H. Bergouist ◽  
John T. Lloyd ◽  
Sandra L. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Concept Acquisition ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
Disjunctive Concepts ◽  
Conjunctive Concepts ◽  
Better Than

Sensitizers were hypothesized to perform significantly better than repressors on eleven concept acquisition tasks. Differences between repression-sensitization (R-S) groups (n = 48), as measured by the Byrne R-S scale, were found to be significant on several of these tasks. As compared with repressors, sensitizers more rapidly acquired: (a) A disjunctive nonverbal concept, when a set for conjunctive concepts had to be broken (p < 0.05); and (b) Two verbal concepts (p < 0.05). Medium scoring subjects performed significantly better than repressors in acquiring: (a) Nonverbal disjunctive concepts (p < 0.05); and (b) Verbal concepts (p < 0.05). R-S results are discussed with reference to conceptual skills and “cognitive flexibility”.

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