Devices for assessing strength properties of meat and meat products

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
L.S. Kudryashov ◽  
O.A. Kudryashova ◽  
V.V. Ilinykh
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Strength Properties

SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
K. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

The Effect of Growth Rate on the Strength Properties of Sawn Beams of Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth)

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
R. A. Dunham ◽  
A. D. Cameron ◽  
J. A. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth

Meat and Meat Products Consumption in Italy: Contribution to Trace Elements, Heme Iron and selected B Vitamins supply

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lombardi-Boccia ◽  
Lanzi ◽  
Lucarini ◽  
Di Lullo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Iron Heme ◽  
Daily Intakes

This study was undertaken to estimate the contribution of meat and meat products consumption to the daily intakes of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se), heme iron, and selected B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) in Italy. Meat and meat products were selected on the basis of their consumption frequency reported by the most recent nationwide dietary individual survey carried out in Italy (INN-CA study). The daily intakes of total iron and heme iron were 1.65 and 1.13 mg/person/day. Zinc intake was 3.65 mg/person/day. Beef made the main contribution to iron, heme iron, and zinc daily intakes. Copper daily intake was 107.3 mug/person/day, with meat products provided the highest contribution (40 mug/person/day). Daily intake of selenium (7.14 mug/person/day) was provided mainly by poultry consumption. Thiamine intake was 228 mug/person/day, and meat products were the main source (110 mug/person/day). Riboflavin intake was 136 mug/person/day, with both beef and meat products as the main contributors (40 mug/person/day). Niacin intake was 7.53 mg/person/day, and poultry was the main source (2.28 mg/person/day). Meat and meat products were a valuable source of micronutrients, supplying 47, 48, and 24% of zinc, niacin, and thiamin daily requirements, respectively, and over 10% of iron, copper, selenium, and riboflavin daily average requirement values of the italian RDAs calculated for the population involved in the survey (INN-CA study).

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽  
Anna S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

Pilot trials of hemicelluloses extraction prior to thermomechanical pulp production: Part 1

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL HOUTMAN ◽  
ERIC HORN
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Bisulfite Treatment ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Pulp Production ◽  
Production Part

Pilot data indicate that wood chip pretreatment with oxalic acid reduced the specific energy required to make thermomechanical pulp. A combined oxalic acid/bisulfite treatment resulted in 21% refiner energy savings and 13% increase in brightness for aspen. A low level of oxalic acid treatment was effective for spruce. Energy savings of 30% was observed with no significant change in strength properties. Adding bisulfite did not significantly increase the brightness of the spruce pulp. For pine, the optimum treatment was a moderate level of oxalic acid, which resulted in 34% energy savings and an increase in strength properties. For all of these treatments 1–3 w/w % carbohydrates were recovered, which can be fermented to produce ethanol. The extract sugar solution contained significant quantities of arabinose.

Does kraft hardwood and softwood pulp viscosity correlate to paper properties?

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. OGLESBY ◽  
HUMPHREY J. MOYNIHAN ◽  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
ASHOK GHOSH ◽  
PETER W. HART
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Paper

The impact of commercially prepared, fully bleached pulp viscosity variation on handsheet physical properties was evaluated at different levels of pulp refining. Hardwood pulps from the same brownstock species mix, cooking parameters, and kappa numbers were processed through two different commercial bleach plants: one with a D0(EP)D1D2 sequence and the second with an OD0(EOP)D1 sequence. Additionally, a commercial softwood (predominately Scotts pine) brownstock pulp bleached by an OD0(EP)D1D2 sequence was employed in this study. Pulps with viscosities ranging from 14 to 21 mPa∙s were refined in a Valley beater to two freeness levels, and the associated handsheet physical properties were measured in this study. Over the pulp viscosity range of 14 to 21 mPa∙s, no clear correlation was found to exist between pulp viscosity and related paper physical properties. Finally, a series of laboratory prepared bleached pulps were purposely prepared under non-ideal conditions to reduce their final viscosities to lower values. Handsheets made from these pulps were tested in their unbeaten condition for physical strength properties. Significant and rapid strength loss occurred when the measured pulp viscosity dropped below 12 mPa∙s; overall strength properties showed no correlation to viscosity above the critical 12 mPa∙s value.

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