scholarly journals Monitoring of Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating in the Environment and Among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Hatib ◽  
Najwa Hassou ◽  
Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Seasonal Evolution ◽  
Group A ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
Immunization Programmes

Rotavirus A is the causative agent of 90% of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5, which kills 1 to 3 million children per year. Their strong resistance in the environment, their inter-species transmission as well as their power of genetic recombination can give rise to new reasserting that may be harmful to public health. The simultaneous search for the presence of rotavirus A in different environmental and clinical biotopes and matrices as well as the monitoring of the seasonal evolution of episodes is of major importance. At cost, genetic monitoring of rotaviruses shows a correlation between the presence of different genotypes of RVA in the environment and the rate of morbidity, Hence the need to monitor the emergence of new circulating strains with a view to integrating them into routine immunization programmes appropriate for each region in order to limit the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Group A Rotavirus Genotypes in Moscow (2019–2020)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Anton Yuzhakov ◽  
Ksenia Yuzhakova ◽  
Nadezhda Kulikova ◽  
Lidia Kisteneva ◽  
Stanislav Cherepushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
First Time ◽  
Common Combination ◽  
Children Under 5

Group A rotavirus (RVA) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization of children under 5 years old, presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. The aim of our study was to explore the genetic diversity of RVA among patients admitted to Moscow Infectious Disease Clinical Hospital No. 1 with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. A total of 653 samples were collected from May 2019 through March 2020. Out of them, 135 (20.67%) fecal samples were found to be positive for rotavirus antigen by ELISA. RT-PCR detected rotavirus RNA in 80 samples. Seven G-genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12) and three P-genotypes (P[8], P[4], and P[6]) formed 9 different combinations. The most common combination was G9P[8]. However, for the first time in Moscow, the combination G3P[8] took second place. Moreover, all detected viruses of this combination belonged to Equine-like G3P[8] viruses that had never been detected in Russia before. The genotype G8P[8] and G9P[4] rotaviruses were also detected in Moscow for the first time. Among the studied rotaviruses, there were equal proportions of Wa and DS-1-like strains; previous studies showed that Wa-like strains accounted for the largest proportion of rotaviruses in Russia.

scholarly journals The molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains causing gastroenteritis in infant in the region of Mid Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
W. S. Abood
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Genetic Assessment

Rotavirus diarrhea is a leading cause of child death. It is a major concern in developing and developed countries. In Iraq, few studies and analysis were executed for genetic assessment of rotavirus.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rotavirus caused gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of the circulating G and P types of rotavirus among infants admitted to the hospital or treated as outpatients in three governorates in the region of Mid-Iraq for symptoms of gastroenteritis.This study was undertaken during the period from June 2010 to April 2012 in infants under 1 year suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools by latex agglutination test and genotyped using semi nested multiplex reverse transcription PCRs with type-specific primers on the basis of their outer capsid proteins.Of the 348 stool specimens from infants with acute gastroenteritis, 42.45% were positive for rotavirus A. The predominant G type was G1 (48.57%), followed by G2 (22.14%), G9 (11.42%), G3 (2.14%), G4 (0.71%). Only P [8] (61.4%), P [4] (11.4%) and P [6] (5.7%) genotypes were found. Infants of 9 and 10 months of age were most frequently affected. The prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked in the Autumn season, when temperatures were low, and decreased in summer. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Iraqi National Immunization Program.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus among children with gastroenteritis in Bangladesh during 2014–2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242813
Author(s):  
Shuvra Kanti Dey ◽  
Nadim Sharif ◽  
Omar Sadi Sarkar ◽  
Mithun Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Ali Azam Talukder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Group A

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major health problems in children aged <5 years around the world. Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important pathogen of acute gastroenteritis. The burden of rotavirus disease in the pediatric population is still high in Bangladesh. This study investigated the prevalence of group A, B, and C rotavirus (RAV, RBV, RCV), norovirus, adenovirus (AdV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh from February 2014 to January 2019. A total of 574 fecal specimens collected from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh during the period of February 2014-January 2019 were examined for RAV, RBV and RCV by reverse transcriptase- multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT- multiplex PCR). RAV was further characterized to G-typing and P-typing by RT-multiplex PCR and sequencing method. It was found that 24.4% (140 of 574) fecal specimens were positive for RVA followed by AdV of 4.5%. RBV and RCV could not be detected in this study. Genotype G1P[8] was the most prevalent (43%), followed by G2P[4] (18%), and G9P[8] (3%). Among other genotypes, G9P[4] was most frequent (12%), followed by G1P[6] (11%), G9P[6] (3%), and G11P[25] (3%). We found that 7% RVA were nontypeable. Mutations at antigenic regions of the VP7 gene were detected in G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains. Incidence of rotavirus infection had the highest peak (58.6%) during November to February with diarrhea (90.7%) as the most common symptom. Children aged 4–11 months had the highest rotavirus infection percentage (37.9%). By providing baseline data, this study helps to assess efficacy of currently available RVA vaccine. This study revealed a high RVA detection rate, supporting health authorities in planning strategies such as introduction of RVA vaccine in national immunization program to reduce the disease burden.

scholarly journals Evolving Patterns of Cryptosporidiosis: Issues and Implications in the Context of Public Health in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay Ranjan Mirdha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Life Years

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is one of the major causes of diarrhea in immune-compromised individuals and children besides causing sporadic water-borne, food-borne, and zoonotic outbreaks. In 2016, Cryptosporidium species infection was the fifth leading cause of diarrhea and acute infection causing more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost besides a decrease in childhood growth. Human cryptosporidiosis is primarily caused by two species/genotype: Cryptosporidium hominis (anthroponotic) and Cryptosporidium parvum (zoonotic) besides other six rare species/genotypes. Transmission intensity, genetic diversity, and occurrence of genetic recombination have shaped the genus Cryptosporidium population structures into palmitic, clonal, and epidemic. Genetic recombination is more in C. parvum compared with C. hominis. Furthermore, parasite–host co-evolution, host adaptation, and geographic segregation have led to the formation of “subtype- families.” Host-adapted subtype-families have distinct geographical distribution and host preferences. Genetic exchanges between subtypes played an important role throughout the evolution of the genus leading to “adaptation introgression” that led to emergence of virulent and hyper-transmissible subtypes. The population structure of C. hominis in India appears to be more complex where both transmission intensity and genetic diversity are much higher. Further, study based on “molecular strain surveillance” has resulted newer insights into the epidemiology and transmission of cryptosporidiosis in India. The identification at the species and genotype levels is essential for the assessment of infection sources in humans and the public health potential of the parasite at large. The results of the study over three decades on cryptosporidiosis in India, in the absence of a national surveillance data, were analyzed highlighting current situation on epidemiology, genetic diversity, and distribution particularly among vulnerable population. Despite creditable efforts, there are still many areas need to be explored; therefore, the intent of this article is to facilitate future research approaches for mitigating the burden associated with this disease.

Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akongnwi E. Mugyia ◽  
Valentine N. Ndze ◽  
Jane-Francis T. K. Akoachere ◽  
Hannah Browne ◽  
Angeline Boula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Children Under 5

The Prevalence and Genotypic Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Detected from Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis Patients in Incheon

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jea-Mann Lee ◽  
Hye-young Kim ◽  
Mi-yeon Lee ◽  
Kang-bum Lee ◽  
Doo-Sung Cheon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Emerging Disease Syndromic Surveillance for Hurricane Katrina Evacuees Seeking Shelter in Houston's Astrodome and Reliant Park Complex

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy O. Murray ◽  
Cindy Kilborn ◽  
Mary desVignes-Kendrick ◽  
Erin Koers ◽  
Valda Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern

Transmission of infectious diseases became an immediate public health concern when approximately 27,000 New Orleans-area residents evacuated to Houston's Astrodome and Reliant Park Complex following Hurricane Katrina. This article presents a surveillance system that was rapidly developed and implemented for daily tracking of various symptoms in the evacuee population in the Astrodome “megashelter.” This system successfully confirmed an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis and became a critical tool in monitoring the course of this outbreak.

scholarly journals Negligible import of enteric pathogens by newly arrived asylum seekers and no impact on incidence of notified Salmonella and Shigella infections and outbreaks in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, January 2015 to May 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Ehlkes ◽  
Maja George ◽  
Donald Knautz ◽  
Florian Burckhardt ◽  
Klaus Jahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
German Population ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Targeted Approach ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Children Under 5

Introduction The 2015 refugee crisis raised concerns about an import of infectious diseases affecting the German population. Aims: To evaluate public and individual health benefits of stool screening, and explore whether importation of enteric pathogens by newly arrived asylum seekers impacts on the host population. Methods: We used data from mandatory stool screening to determine the overall, age, sex, and country-specific prevalence of enteric bacteria and helminths. We used surveillance data to assess whether the number of incoming asylum seekers influenced notifications of salmonellosis and shigellosis in Rhineland-Palatinate. Results: Salmonella were found in 0.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–0.3%) of 23,410 samples collected from January 2015 to May 2016. Prevalence was highest in children under 5 years (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.5–1.3%). No Shigella or invasive Salmonella spp. were detected. In a subset of 14,511 samples, the prevalence of helminth infestation was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1–2.6%), with highest proportions detected in adolescents (4.6%; 95% CI 3.8–5.4%) and among Eritreans (9.3%; 95% CI: 7.0–12.0%); in the latter particularly Schistosoma mansoni and Taenia spp. The increase in asylum applications did not increase notifications of salmonellosis and shigellosis. No transmission from asylum seekers to German residents was notified. Conclusion: Public health risk associated with imported enteric pathogens is very low overall. Addressing individual and public health risks, we recommend replacing stool screening of all newly arrived asylum seekers by a targeted approach, with target groups and approaches being adapted if necessary. Target groups supported by our data are children, adolescents, and Eritreans.

International Symposium on Measles Immunization: Summary and Recommendations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-654
Author(s):  
SAMUEL L. KATZ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

The passage of 20 years since the first International Conference on Measles Immunization in November 1961 has been accompanied by very significant advances in our understanding of the impact of measles among different groups, in the development and the utilization of measles vaccines, and in the control of the disease. Throughout all these considerations, there remains great variability. This is manifest in the surveillance data on morbidity and mortality, the extent of vaccine utilization, and the attitudes about measles as a serious public health problem. Because of these variations it is obvious that any recommendations must be evaluated carefully and adapted appropriately to meet the needs of a given nation, a population group, a geographic locale, or an environmental setting.

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