scholarly journals Novel Tailor made Multiblock Polyesters/Polycarbonates Biomaterials via Organometallic Polymerization Synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 460-462
Author(s):  
Bolley A
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range

Since 1940, mass production of polyolefin plastics produced annually has increased rapidly [1]. The most common plastics, which account for approximately 80% of the European plastic demand, are: Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Polystyrene (PS) (Figure 1) [2]. Therefore, plastic materials have experienced a substantial expansion, and are the most used materials nowadays. These materials have a wide range of application from packaging to electronic devices [3].

scholarly journals Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1013
Author(s):  
Tjaša Rijavec
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Conjugated Polyenes ◽  
Heritage Collections

Museums and galleries house increasingly large collections of objects and contemporary art made of plastic materials, many of which undergo rapid material change. The main degradation processes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are elimination of HCl and plasticizer migration or leaching. This results in visible discolouration, stickiness and cracking. Degradation is known to be a multi-stage process that includes HCl elimination, formation of conjugated polyenes and cross-linking. Elimination of HCl begins due to structural irregularities (allylic and tertiary chlorides) and results in the formation of polyenes. When at least 7 conjugated double bonds are present, discolouration of PVC becomes visible. Non-invasive techniques, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy are used for polymer identification and plasticizer quantification. Plasticizer degradation and particularly the late stages of PVC degradation can be investigated using SEC, GC-MS, TGA and DSC. Studies in heritage collections have revealed that, apart from HCl, PVC objects emit 2-ethylhexanol and other volatile degradation products, however, there is currently no indication that HCl is emitted at usual indoor conditions. There seems to be a general lack of systematic research into PVC degradation at the conditions of storage and display, which could result in the development of dose-response functions and in the development of preventive conservation guidelines for the management of PVC collections.

scholarly journals Predicting the high strain rate response of plasticised poly(vinyl chloride) using a fractional derivative model

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 01013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Trivedi ◽  
Clive Siviour
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
High Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Fractional Derivative Model ◽  
Wide Range

Polymers are frequently used in fields as diverse as aerospace, biomedicine, automotive and in-dustrial vibration damping, where they are often subjected to high strain rate or impact loading. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and its plasticised variants (PPVC), are just two examples of this broad category of materi-als. Since many polymers exhibit strong rate and temperature dependence, including a low temperature brittle transition, it is extremely important to understand their mechanical responses over a wide range of loading con-ditions.PVC with 60 wt% plasticiser is used in this study, as its highly rubbery nature lends itself well to being used in various load mitigation and energy absorption applications. It is challenging to obtain high strain rate data on rubbery materials using conventional techniques such as the split-Hopkinson (Kolsky) bar. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Based on previous work developing a framework to predict high rate re-sponseusing a fractional derivative model, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) experiments are conducted on the PPVC to construct a master curve of storage modulus. These data are used to part-calibrate a modified Mulliken-Boyce model which also takes into account specimen heating to derive stress-strain relationships at strain rates varying from 0.001 s_1 to 13 500 s_1. This model is further calibrated against experiments conducted in a previous study and shown to provide an excellent description of the behaviour at these rates.

scholarly journals The kinetics of adsorption of human immunoglobulin G to poly(vinyl chloride) enzyme-linked-immunoadsorbent-assay vessel walls

1989 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B McGinlay ◽  
W G Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Irreversible Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Kinetics Of

Experiments were performed to measure the effect of pH, ionic strength, temperature, organic solvents, pretreatment with gelatin and Tween 20 on the rate and extent of binding of human IgG to the walls of poly(vinyl chloride) e.l.i.s.a. vessels. It is demonstrated that, over a wide range of experimental conditions, the binding is controlled by rate-limiting diffusion to the walls, followed by a rapid and irreversible adsorption. A mathematical model is derived and shown to give a good fit to the experimental data points.

Composites of Waste, Ground Rubber Particles and Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tipanna ◽  
D. D. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rubber Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Composites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were prepared with waste, finely ground printing rollers of nitrile rubber over a wide range of composition (up to 90% by weight of rubber component), through melt blending. The effect of different amounts of waste rubber on the tensile strength, % elongation, hardness, and flex crack resistance was studied. There was a considerable increase in the impact properties of PVC. Flex crack resistance was also significantly improved as the specimen did not crack even after 150,000 cycles for all composition containing more than 40% waste rubber. The waste rubber also imparted a plasticizing effect to PVC. The improvement in these properties could be due to interaction between PVC and the acrylonitrile part of nitrile rubber.

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