scholarly journals On pronominal locative and temporal adverbs in Dabida (Bantu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
I.S. Ryabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

The paper describes linguistic properties of the Dabida pronominal demonstrative adverbs of space and time formed from the demonstrative pronouns in noun class 16 (locative) agreement through the conversion. The language data has been obtained from two Kenyan informants who were native speakers of the Mbololo dialect of Dabida studying in Moscow

scholarly journals On pronominal locative and temporal adverbs in Dabida (Bantu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
I.S. Ryabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

The paper describes linguistic properties of the Dabida pronominal demonstrative adverbs of space and time formed from the demonstrative pronouns in noun class 16 (locative) agreement through the conversion. The language data has been obtained from two Kenyan informants who were native speakers of the Mbololo dialect of Dabida studying in Moscow.

EVALD – a Pioneer Application for Automated Essay Scoring in Czech

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Kateřina Rysová ◽  
Magdaléna Rysová ◽  
Michal Novák ◽  
Jiří Mírovský ◽  
Eva Hajičová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Automated Essay Scoring ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Supervised Training ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Essay Scoring

Abstract In the paper, we present EVALD applications (Evaluator of Discourse) for automated essay scoring. EVALD is the first tool of this type for Czech. It evaluates texts written by both native and non-native speakers of Czech. We describe first the history and the present in the automatic essay scoring, which is illustrated by examples of systems for other languages, mainly for English. Then we focus on the methodology of creating the EVALD applications and describe datasets used for testing as well as supervised training that EVALD builds on. Furthermore, we analyze in detail a sample of newly acquired language data – texts written by non-native speakers reaching the threshold level of the Czech language acquisition required e.g. for the permanent residence in the Czech Republic – and we focus on linguistic differences between the available text levels. We present the feature set used by EVALD and – based on the analysis – we extend it with new spelling features. Finally, we evaluate the overall performance of various variants of EVALD and provide the analysis of collected results.

Is there anything there when there is not there? Null expletives and second language data

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oshita
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Characterization ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Made In

This article explores the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives, i.e., the silent counterparts of the so-called dummy subjects such as English it and there. Following Jackendoff’s (1997; 2002) notion of `defective’ lexical item, I define null expletives as extremely `defective’ words with syntactic properties but no semantic or phonological content. By comparing native speakers of pro-drop languages and those of topic-drop languages in terms of their grammatical judgement of and productive use of English, I argue that null expletives are very likely psychologically real to speakers of pro-drop languages but not to those of topic-drop languages. This conclusion is based on observations made in previous second language (L2) studies and the analysis of data obtained from a large corpus of nonnative English. The question of the unaccusative-unergative distinction in L2 grammar and the linguistic characterization of so-called free subject-verb inversion in pro-drop languages are also discussed in relation to the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives.

scholarly journals Phonotactics of noun class disambiguation in Xhosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Braver ◽  
Wm. G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Noun Classes ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Semantic Domains

Bantu languages are noted for their noun class systems.  These noun classes tend to connect to semantic domains: e.g., humans are prototypically in classes 1 and 2.  We present an experiment in which native speakers of Xhosa were shown singular nonce nouns with no semantic context, and were asked to provide the plural forms.  These nouns were shown with the singular class prefix –i, which is ambiguous between class 5 and class 9.  Historically, class 9 had a nasal prefix which triggered post-nasal alternations in stem-initial consonants.  Since class 5 did not historically have a nasal, no such alternations occurred in class 5 nouns.  Because of this, stems beginning with a segment that might have been the output of the historical post-nasal alternation may be interpreted as class 9, while stems beginning with segments that might have been inputs to these alternations may be interpreted as class 5.  We show that speakers follow this pattern: roots beginning with post-nasal outputs were more likely to be assigned the plural corresponding to class 9 (i.e., class 10), and roots beginning with post-nasal inputs were more likely to be assigned to the plural corresponding to class 5 (i.e., class 6).

scholarly journals The Use of Complaints in the Inter-Language of Turkish EFL Learners

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanju Deveci
Keyword(s):  
Negative Transfer ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Classroom Language ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Teacher Students

Many Turkish EFL learners struggle with giving complaints and criticisms in the EFL classroom. Language instructors must find way to provide students with the linguistic and pragmatic elements of EFL to be able to appropriately complain as EFL users. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complaint speech used by Turkish EFL learners in two different situations: speaking to a commiserating teacher and speaking to a contradicting teacher. Four kinds of data sources were used to collect data in the classroom: twenty native English speakers’ role-plays, twenty-five Turkish native speakers’ role-plays, and forty students’ role-plays. The subjects’ complaint speech act sets were a coding scheme borrowed from a previously conducted study by Murphy and Neu (1996). The baseline and the inter-language data were compared to see to what extent they were similar or different, whether or not the Turkish EFL learners made positive and negative transfer, and if there were any features unique to the inter-language of the learners. The findings revealed that when speaking to the commiserating teacher, students made both positive and negative transfer in using ‘demand’. The students speaking to the contradicting teacher made positive transfer in the components ‘explanation of purpose’, ‘complaint’ and ‘justification’. The component ‘demand’ was subject to negative transfer.

Deiktiskās, prospektīvās un retrospektīvās frāzes zinātnes valodā

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Iveta Kopankina ◽  
◽  
Artūrs Viļums ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Space Dimension ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dimensions Of Space

The article focuses on the dimensions of space and time in the Latvian language of science. The space dimension is expressed by the deictic constructions of place (demonstrative pronouns and adverbs), and the time dimension is expressed by prospective and retrospective constructions (adverbs and adjectives). The research material consists of the texts of scientific articles included in the project “The Latvian Language of Science in the Intralingual Aspect”. The aim of the present study is to explore research articles written in Latvian and to single out the most frequently used wording expressing the mentioned dimensions. In the present research, content analysis has been carried out to establish the knowledge gap present in the given field. It was found out that very few publications so far exist pertaining to space and time deixis in the Latvian language. The respective wording in the research material has been singled out with the help of AntConc; therefore, the present study is a study in Latvian Linguistics, with the elements of Corpus Linguistics. The content analysis and the study revealed that the deictic space and prospective and retrospective time constructions are present throughout the articles written in the Latvian language of science, i.e. in the introductory parts, in the main bodies, and the conclusions of the mentioned texts and serve the function of creating the joint psychological space of the author and the audience. They facilitate the process of communication between the author and the reader of the given texts.

scholarly journals Temne

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sullay M. Kanu ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Class System ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
Noun Class

Temne belongs to the South Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo (formerly the Southern Branch of the Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo; Blench 2006, Childs 2010) spoken in the northern part of Sierra Leone. According to Ethnologue (ISO 639–3: tem, Lewis 2009), Temne has a population of about 1.2 million native speakers. Like other South Atlantic languages, Temne is a tonal language with a noun class system, prefixed noun class markers and agreeing prefixes on dependent elements. Features determining class membership include number and animacy. Temne also features extension suffixes which alter the valency or the semantic structure of simple verb stems. The basic word order is Subject–Verb–Object.

scholarly journals Spelling Errors in Thai Made by Chinese Students Learning Thai as a Foreign Language

MANUSYA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-374
Author(s):  
Peng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Thai Language ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Underlying Causes

When learning a foreign language, it is important to learn how to spell accurately as it is crucial for communication. To spell Thai language accurately is challenging for both native and foreign learners of Thai. However, studies that address spelling errors made by foreign learners of Thai are rare. The purpose of this paper is to analyze patterns and causes behind spelling errors made by Chinese students learning Thai as a foreign language. Data was taken from thirty Chinese students who took part in a Thai language composition writing and dictation task. The results suggest that the main spelling problem for Chinese students is spelling Thai vowels (37.5%), followed by initial consonants (20.7%), final consonants (20.4%), unpronounced letters (18.0%), tone markers (2.2%), and others (1.2%). In terms of underlying causes of spelling errors, irregularities in Thai language and interference from Chinese phonology are the two main causes for their spelling errors. Moreover, carelessness, differences between the Chinese and Thai writing systems, and influence from Thai native speakers also account for some of the spelling errors produced among the Chinese students.

scholarly journals A Study of the Morphological Process in Berom Language

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Marcus Pam Bitrus ◽  
Dung Ishaya Pwajok ◽  
Pam Eric Ganan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
Plural Noun ◽  
Language Data

<p>This study presents a descriptive analysis of the Berom language morphological process. Data were sourced from related studies in Berom and other languages and from the intuitive knowledge of the writers who are native speakers of the language. Data analysis reveals that the morphological process in Berom is composed of affixation and compounding. The study also shows that the language has two inflectional prefixes: <strong>be</strong>- &amp; <strong>n</strong>- that are used to mark plural noun and a derivational prefix: <strong>n</strong>- that is used for nominalization. Furthermore, the paper reveals that compounding in Berom can be simple or complex and asserts that simple compounding may generate a different word class while complex compounding realize nouns.</p>

scholarly journals Discourse Act Contributing to the Linguistic Formulation from Word to Sentence: Albanian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Zamira Shkreli ◽  
Karmen Lazri
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Two Age Groups

In this argument, based in concrete observation for toddlers 2-4 years old, will be treated the case of lexical input of this age, used in the act of speech from the communication through special words- accompanied with extra-linguistic means,- from holophrases, to generating simple sentences, as special constructs of syntax. Primal phases of owning the language have already slowly started in the first years of their lives. The child follows the unstoppable road to understanding and enriching knowledge. As helping to our material will be included, except for their group and family life, didactic materials as well, in which part of our study were “Open and Find out” books, which are made of secret windows and puzzle books, which contain plenty of material that serves to the children’s speech-gaining act. The theory treating of the problem above will be mostly supported by Albanian language data, or by Albanian children – as native speakers of that mother language. The principal phases of owning the language have slowly started during the first years of his life. Now the child follows the unstoppable way to gaining and enriching his knowledge. The methodology followed in this material includes preschool children. During this phase the child articulates more lexical words than grammatical words. We noticed the phenomena when observing 14 children, who were selected from two age groups. The conversations of the different aged and gendered subjects were analyzed, as well as the vocabularies they owned. During this treatment will be shown linguistic features that children are prone to change from one phase of life to another. It’s also interesting to emphasize how even in the word and sentence producing phase, children are developed and skilled by using didactic books on them.

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