Ultra-light Colorless and Green Glass Foam Produced by Microwave Radiation

Abstract According to the research objective that was the basis of the paper, an ultra-light glass foam with an apparent density of 0.14 g/cm3 was experimentally made from 98.9% post-consumer glass bottle and 1% CaCO3 as a foaming agent by sintering/foaming at 823 ºC in microwave field with a very low specific energy consumption (0.70 kWh/kg). A very advanced mechanical processing of glass waste (below 32 μm) and a very fine granulation (below 6.3 μm) of CaCO3 were the solutions adopted to obtain this high-performance product. The originality of the work is the use of the unconventional technique of predominantly direct microwave heating with a very high energy efficiency, applied by authors in recent years and presented in several previous papers.

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USE OF NATURAL DOLOMITE AS A CHEAP FOAMING AGENT FOR PRODUCING GLASS FOAMS FROM GLASS WASTE IN THE MICROWAVE FIELD

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v26i1.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

LUCIAN PAUNESCU ◽

MARIUS FLORIN DRAGOESCU ◽

SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Microwave Field ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Microwave Energy ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Insulating Material ◽

The World ◽

Glass Foam

The paper presents experimental results obtained in the process of making glass foam from glass waste using a cheap foaming agent (natural dolomite). The originality of the work is the application of the microwave energy, unlike the conventional techniques commonly used in the world. The main advantage highlighted by the experiments is the very low specific energy consumption (below 1.5 kWh/kg), due to the peculiarities of the microwave heating technique. The foamed product has physical, mechanical and morphological characteristics (density between 0.30-0.32 g/cm3, thermal conductivity between 0.064-0.067 W/m·K, compressive strength in the range 2.2-2.6 MPa), which are similar to those of foams made by conventional methods and are suitable for its use as insulating material in construction.

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USE OF NATURAL DOLOMITE AS A CHEAP FOAMING AGENT FOR PRODUCING GLASS FOAMS FROM GLASS WASTE IN THE MICROWAVE FIELD

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v26i1.350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

LUCIAN PAUNESCU ◽

MARIUS FLORIN DRAGOESCU ◽

SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Microwave Field ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Microwave Energy ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Insulating Material ◽

The World ◽

Glass Foam

The paper presents experimental results obtained in the process of making glass foam from glass waste using a cheap foaming agent (natural dolomite). The originality of the work is the application of the microwave energy, unlike the conventional techniques commonly used in the world. The main advantage highlighted by the experiments is the very low specific energy consumption (below 1.5 kWh/kg), due to the peculiarities of the microwave heating technique. The foamed product has physical, mechanical and morphological characteristics (density between 0.30-0.32 g/cm3, thermal conductivity between 0.064-0.067 W/m·K, compressive strength in the range 2.2-2.6 MPa), which are similar to those of foams made by conventional methods and are suitable for its use as insulating material in construction.

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DENSE GLASS FOAM PRODUCED IN MICROWAVE FIELD

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v24i1.65 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

LUCIAN PAUNESCU ◽

MARIUS FLORIN DRAGOESCU ◽

SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE ◽

BOGDAN VALENTIN PAUNESCU

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Microwave Field ◽

Microwave Energy ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Mechanical Feature ◽

Glass Foam ◽

Fluxing Agent

Experimental results obtained in the process of manufacturing dense glass foam using the microwave energy are presented in the work. The glass foam is produced from bottle glass waste, calcium carbonate as foaming agent and borax as fluxing agent. The high compressive strength (2.5 - 6.2 MPa) is the main mechanical feature of this product, which together with other physical and morphological features (apparent density 0.60 – 0.90 g/cm3, porosity 59.1 – 72.7%, thermal conductivity 0.081 – 0.105 W m K, water absorption 0.5 – 1.0%, pore size 0.5 – 3 mm), are appropriate for using as a substitute for similar building materials existing on the market.

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DENSE GLASS FOAM PRODUCED IN MICROWAVE FIELD

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v24i1.288 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

LUCIAN PAUNESCU ◽

MARIUS FLORIN DRAGOESCU ◽

SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE ◽

BOGDAN VALENTIN PAUNESCU

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Microwave Field ◽

Microwave Energy ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Mechanical Feature ◽

Glass Foam ◽

Fluxing Agent

Experimental results obtained in the process of manufacturing dense glass foam using the microwave energy are presented in the work. The glass foam is produced from bottle glass waste, calcium carbonate as foaming agent and borax as fluxing agent. The high compressive strength (2.5 - 6.2 MPa) is the main mechanical feature of this product, which together with other physical and morphological features (apparent density 0.60 – 0.90 g/cm3, porosity 59.1 – 72.7%, thermal conductivity 0.081 – 0.105 W m K, water absorption 0.5 – 1.0%, pore size 0.5 – 3 mm), are appropriate for using as a substitute for similar building materials existing on the market.

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Strong interactions at very high energy

Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk ◽

10.3367/ufnr.0082.196401a.0003 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 3-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Evgenii L. Feinberg ◽

Dmitrii S. Chernavskii

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

Strong Interactions ◽

Very High Energy ◽

Very High

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The application of two-dimensional imaging to very high energy gamma ray astronomy: Progress report

10.2172/6142335 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Not Given Author

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Progress Report ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Gamma Ray Astronomy ◽

High Energy Gamma ◽

Very High Energy ◽

Energy Gamma ◽

Very High

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Does the SN rate explain the very high energy cosmic rays in the central 200 pc of our Galaxy?

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stx361 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 467 (4) ◽

pp. 4622-4630 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. Jouvin ◽

A. Lemière ◽

R. Terrier

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Rays ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽

Very High Energy ◽

Very High

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Focused VHEE (very high energy electron) beams and dose delivery for radiotherapy applications

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93276-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L. Whitmore ◽

R. I. Mackay ◽

M. van Herk ◽

J. K. Jones ◽

R. M. Jones

Keyword(s):

Electron Beams ◽

Focal Point ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Electron ◽

High Energy Electron ◽

Dose Delivery ◽

Entrance Dose ◽

Very High Energy ◽

Very High

AbstractThis paper presents the first demonstration of deeply penetrating dose delivery using focused very high energy electron (VHEE) beams using quadrupole magnets in Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the focal point is readily modified by linearly changing the quadrupole magnet strength only. We also present a weighted sum of focused electron beams to form a spread-out electron peak (SOEP) over a target region. This has a significantly reduced entrance dose compared to a proton-based spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). Very high energy electron (VHEE) beams are an exciting prospect in external beam radiotherapy. VHEEs are less sensitive to inhomogeneities than proton and photon beams, have a deep dose reach and could potentially be used to deliver FLASH radiotherapy. The dose distributions of unfocused VHEE produce high entrance and exit doses compared to other radiotherapy modalities unless focusing is employed, and in this case the entrance dose is considerably improved over existing radiations. We have investigated both symmetric and asymmetric focusing as well as focusing with a range of beam energies.

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