scholarly journals Defining a Role of Amanita phalloides Toxins in Cancer: Research and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 07-12
Author(s):  
Noor Talib
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Amanita Phalloides ◽  
Cancer Field ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Field Therapy ◽  
Alpha Amanitin

Despite the progress of diagnostic and therapy, the cancer burden is still rising worldwide. The new chemotherapeutical toxicity to somatic cells and its tolerance to tumor cells illustrates the immediate demand through recent pharmaceutical products with less harmful impacts. The use of natural anticancer products, like alpha-amanitin toxins have reached the cancer field therapy since the separation of Amanita phalloides fungi was performed. Application of Amanita phalloides affects tumor cell activity. It is thought that Amanita phalloides dilutions are recommended for a patient suffering from various cancer types and have no severe side effects resulting from amanita therapy. This review aims to explain the use of the therapeutic potential of -amanitin toxin against different cancer types.

The Therapeutic Potential of miR-7 in Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 1707-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Meng Pan ◽  
Chengzhong You ◽  
Jun Dou
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potent Tumor

MiRNAs play an important role in cancers. As a potent tumor suppressor, miRNA-7(miR-7) has been demonstrated to inhibit the diverse fundamental biological processes in multiple cancer types including initiation, growth and metastasis by targeting a number of molecules and signaling pathways. This current review summarizes and discusses the relationship between miR-7 and cancers and the therapeutic potential of miR-7 in cancers. It may provide new integrative understanding for future study on the role of miR-7 in cancers.

scholarly journals The role of MT1-MMP in the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. M. Spencer ◽  
Steven D. Shnyder ◽  
Paul M. Loadman ◽  
Robert A. Falconer
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Membrane Type

The dysregulation of Membrane - type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been extensively studied in numerous cancer types, and plays key roles in angiogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. MT1-MMP is a predictor of poor prognosis in osteosarcoma (OS), yet the molecular mechanisms of disease progression are unclear. This review provides a summary of the literature relating to the gene and protein expression of MT1-MMP (MMP-14) in OS clinical samples, evaluates the expression in cell lines and experimental models, and analyses its potential role in the progression and metastasis of OS. In addition, the therapeutic potential of MT1-MMP as a drug target has been assessed. Due to the biological complexity of MMPs, inhibition has proven to be challenging. However, exploiting the expression and proteolytic capacity of MT1-MMP could open new avenues in the search for novel, safer and selective drugs for use in OS.

scholarly journals Towards a Better Understanding of the Relationships between Galectin-7, p53 and MMP-9 during Cancer Progression

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Yves St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Invasive Behavior ◽  
Cancer Field ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cancer Types

It has been almost 25 years since the discovery of galectin-7. This member of the galectin family has attracted interest from many working in the cancer field given its highly restricted expression profile in epithelial cells and the fact that cancers of epithelial origin (carcinoma) are among the most frequent and deadly cancer subtypes. Initially described as a p53-induced gene and associated with apoptosis, galectin-7 is now recognized as having a protumorigenic role in many cancer types. Several studies have indeed shown that galectin-7 is associated with aggressive behavior of cancer cells and induces expression of MMP-9, a member of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family known to confer invasive behavior to cancer cells. It is therefore not surprising that many studies have examined its relationships with p53 and MMP-9. However, the relationships between galectin-7 and p53 and MMP-9 are not always clear. This is largely because p53 is often mutated in cancer cells and such mutations drastically change its functions and, consequently, its association with galectin-7. In this review, we discuss the functional relationships between galectin-7, p53 and MMP-9 and reconcile some apparently contradictory observations. A better understanding of these relationships will help to develop a working hypothesis and model that will provide the basis for further research in the hope of establishing a new paradigm for tackling the role of galectin-7 in cancer.

scholarly journals p21 in Cancer Research

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamloo ◽  
Usluer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Function ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibitor ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cancer Field ◽  
A Cell ◽  
P53 Status

p21 functions as a cell cycle inhibitor and anti-proliferative effector in normal cells, and is dysregulated in some cancers. Earlier observations on p21 knockout models emphasized the role of this protein in cell cycle arrest under the p53 transcription factor activity. Although tumor-suppressor function of p21 is the most studied aspect of this protein in cancer, the role of p21 in phenotypic plasticity and its oncogenic/anti-apoptotic function, depending on p21 subcellular localization and p53 status, have been under scrutiny recently. Basic science and translational studies use precision gene editing to manipulate p21 itself, and proteins that interact with it; these studies have led to regulatory/functional/drug sensitivity discoveries as well as therapeutic approaches in cancer field. In this review, we will focus on targeting p21 in cancer research and its potential in providing novel therapies.

scholarly journals The Multiple Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Molecular Chaperones in Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoter ◽  
Rizk ◽  
Naim
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Specific Membrane

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer types in men worldwide. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that are widely implicated in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many cancers. The role of HSPs in PCa is complex and their expression has been linked to the progression and aggressiveness of the tumor. Prominent chaperones, including HSP90 and HSP70, are involved in the folding and trafficking of critical cancer-related proteins. Other members of HSPs, including HSP27 and HSP60, have been considered as promising biomarkers, similar to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), for PCa screening in order to evaluate and monitor the progression or recurrence of the disease. Moreover, expression level of chaperones like clusterin has been shown to correlate directly with the prostate tumor grade. Hence, targeting HSPs in PCa has been suggested as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In the current review, we discuss the functions as well as the role of HSPs in PCa progression and further evaluate the approach of inhibiting HSPs as a cancer treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP)/p97: A Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10177
Author(s):  
Susan Costantini ◽  
Francesca Capone ◽  
Andrea Polo ◽  
Palmina Bagnara ◽  
Alfredo Budillon
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Potential Cancer

Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a member of the AAA+ ATPase family, is a molecular chaperone recruited to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by binding to membrane adapters (nuclear protein localization protein 4 (NPL4), p47 and ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein 1 (UBXD1)), where it is involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). However, VCP/p97 interacts with many cofactors to participate in different cellular processes that are critical for cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. Indeed, VCP/p97 is reported to be overexpressed in many cancer types and is considered a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. This review summarizes the role of VCP/p97 in different cancers and the advances in the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors with therapeutic potential, focusing on the challenges associated with cancer-related VCP mutations in the mechanisms of resistance to inhibitors.

Dysregulation of HOX as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hox Protein

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 2283-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian B. Neis ◽  
Priscila B. Rosa ◽  
Morgana Moretti ◽  
Ana Lucia S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defensive Mechanism

Heme oxygenase (HO) family catalyzes the conversion of heme into free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. It possesses two well-characterized isoforms: HO-1 and HO-2. Under brain physiological conditions, the expression of HO-2 is constitutive, abundant and ubiquitous, whereas HO-1 mRNA and protein are restricted to small populations of neurons and neuroglia. HO-1 is an inducible enzyme that has been shown to participate as an essential defensive mechanism for neurons exposed to oxidant challenges, being related to antioxidant defenses in certain neuropathological conditions. Considering that neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) and neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, Bipolar Disorder (BD) and schizophrenia) are associated with increased inflammatory markers, impaired redox homeostasis and oxidative stress, conditions that may be associated with alterations in HO-levels/activity, the purpose of this review is to present evidence on the possible role of HO-1 in these Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. In addition, the possible therapeutic potential of targeting brain HO-1 is explored in this review.

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