scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF HARD COSMIC RADIATION VARIATIONS NEAR THE GROUND SURFACE IN ACCORDANCE WITH GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY CHANGES

Author(s):  
Dmitrijus Styra ◽  
Jonas Gaspariūnas ◽  
Ana Usovaite

The mechanism of primary cosmic particle transformation into secondary radiation near the ground surface is analysed. It is known that the main part of secondary cosmic radiation consists of muons. They are formed after nuclear reactions between primary protons and the nuclei of atmospheric gases. Maximum muon concentrations are formed at an altitude of 15 km from the ground surface. Because of a short existence time of muons (2 μs), the amount of these particles near the ground surface depends on variations in the altitude of the above‐mentioned atmospheric layer. Therefore, an unstable flux of muons is registered near the ground surface. Their variations are connected with the Sun's radiation instability, geomagnetic field variations, meteorological process changes, etc. Measurements of the hard cosmic radiation component only near the ground surface are carried out. To this purpose protection of the detector of gamma‐spectrometer was improved. Small gaps between lead plates were made to abolish the shower phenomenon caused by cosmic radiation and the effect of weak‐energy particles and as a result to improve the measurement accuracy. It is defined that lead protection of the thickness of 9 cm of the detector fully absorbs muons with 1,6 MeV energy. It is registered that the gamma‐quanta of 1,6 MeV energy of radionuclide 232Th lose 70 % of the initial energy only in the same lead protection. In 2001–2002 a study was made of the course of the hard cosmic ray flux (HCRF) near the ground surface in four energy intervals: 1 ‐ 0,3–1,2 MeV, 2 ‐ 1,2–1,6 MeV, 3 ‐ 1,6—4 MeV, 4–4 MeV and more. Various course of the HCRF in the mentioned intervals is obtained.

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Dmitrijus STYRA ◽  
Algirdas JUOZULYNAS ◽  
Ana USOVAITĖ ◽  
Jonas GASPARIŪNAS

Data on a prognostic relationship between the hard cosmic ray flux (HCRF) and the leaps of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Vilnius in 2008–2009 are presented. A gamma spectrometer with a scintillation detector were used to register the HCRF near the ground surface. Data on CVD over a period of 24 months (2008–2009) were obtained from the Vilnius Ambulance Service. Information on CVD was selected for all age groups in accordance with the international codes for identification of diseases (ICD). The present study was restricted to time periods when the cosmophysical and medical data could be compared. For the processing of experimental results, empirical criteria in the analysis of HCRF and CVD were used. The criterion in HCRF change is a decrease of HCRF values by 200 impulses and more during a period of 4 hours. The CVD number exceeding the monthly average value by 10, 15, 20% was analysed. A correlation between the above parameters was studied in the range of 1–3-day period. The efficiency of the prognosis of CVD leaps by HCRF decrease in 1–2 days in 2008 was 74–82% and in 2009 65–70%, and for 2–3 days in 2008 54–60% and in 2009 63–65%. The human factor was analysed, too. Keywords: hard cosmic ray flux, cardiovascular diseases, connection, human factor


Author(s):  
Dmitrijus Styra ◽  
Algirdas Čiučelis ◽  
Ana Usovaitė ◽  
Jovita Damauskaitė

Analysis of hard cosmic ray flux (HCRF) variation at an energy interval 1.2—1.6 MeV was carried out in Vilnius. Connection between HCRF decrease at the mentioned energy interval and the minimum atmospheric pressure in 3–6 days is defined. This phenomenon is registered from 8 up to 13 hours. According to the time interval of HCRF decrease, for instance 8–9 and 9–10 hours, the minimum pressure in Vilnius takes place in 3^1 days, and at time intervals 11–12, and 12–13 hours ‐ in 5–6 days. Realization of this prognosis at one of the presented time intervals was 56–67% in 2002–2003. The same investigation results, with the assumption of atmospheric pressure decrease from 1005 hPa and less, showed a high efficiency of prognosis of the minimum pressure in Vilnius at all the time intervals during 6 days ‐ 92%, and 82% in 2002 and 2003, correspondingly. Santrauka Atlikta kietosios kosminės spinduliuotės srauto variacijų analizė energijų intervale 1,2–1,6 MeV Vilniaus mieste. Nustatytas ryšis tarp kietosios kosminės spinduliuotės srauto (KKSS) sumažėjimo šiame intervale ir atmosferos slėgio kitimo, kuris įvyks per 3–4 paras. Toks ryšis registruojamas tik nuo 8 val. iki 13 val. KKSS mažėjimas Vilniaus mieste priklauso nuo laiko intervalo, pvz., nuo 8–9 ir 9–10 val. slėgis sumažėja po 3–4 dienų; 11–12 ir 12–13 val. slėgis sumažėja po 5–6 dienų. Prognozės efektyvumas viename iš laiko intervalų buvo nuo 56–67 % 2002–2003 m. atitinkamai. To paties tyrimo rezultatai, įskaitant ir atmosferos slėgio mažėjimą nuo 1005 hPa ir mažiau, parodė aukštą prognozės efektyvumą visuose laiko intervaluose per 6 dienas – 92 % ir 82 % 2002–2003 metais atitinkamai. Резюме Проведен анализ колебаний потока жесткого космического излучения (ПЖКИ) в энергетическом интервале 1,2– 1,6 МэВ в г. Вильнюсе. Установлена связь между падением ПЖКИ в этом энергетическом интервале и изменением атмосферного давления, которое произойдет через 3–6 суток. Такая связь регистрируется только с 8 час. до 13 часов. В зависимости от интервала времени регистрации падения ПЖКИ, в частности, 8–9 часов, 9–10 часов – наименьшее давление в г. Вильнюсе образуется через 3–4 суток, а 11–12 часов и 12–13 часов – через 5–6 суток. Выполнимость такого прогноза по падению ПЖКИ в одном временном интервале в среднем соответствовала 56– 67% в 2002–2003 гг. Результаты аналогичного исследования с учетом того, что атмосферное давление уменьшается, начиная с 1005 гПа и ниже, показали высокую эффективность прогноза формирования наименьшего давления в г. Вильнюсе по падению ПЖКИ во всех временных интервалах в течение 6 суток – 92% и 82% в 2002 и 2003 гг. соответственно.


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrijus Styro ◽  
Jovita Damauskaitė ◽  
Jonas Kleiza

This paper focuses on the analysis of connection between changes in hard cosmic ray flux (HCRF) and atmospheric pressure. To analyse connection between HCRF and atmospheric pressure change, the data of HCRF were obtained using a gamma spectrometer. The statistical data of measurements have been analysed. Detailed information on atmospheric pressure was presented by the Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service. Correlation coefficients were calculated by performing a simple linear regression analysis between HCRF and atmospheric pressure in the same day. A strong inverse correlation during simultaneous measurements was determined. The correlation coefficients were defined for different seasons of the year. An empirical criterion of –20 imp/h was chosen in analysis of HCRF. Connection between HCRF decrease at 1.2–1.6 MeV energy interval and the minimum atmospheric pressure in 3–6 days at individual time intervals is defined in Vilnius. The efficiency of prognosis was 59–73% for the period 2004–2005. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojamas kietosios kosmines spinduliuotes srauto (KKSS) ir atmosferos slegio pokyčiu saryšis. KKSS buvo matuojamas gama spektrometru su scintiliaciniu jutikliu. Išsamia meteorologine informacija pateike Lietuvos hidrometeorologijos tarnyba. Koreliacijos koeficientai apskaičiuoti taikant tiesine regresija tarp KKSS ir atmosferos slegio pokyčiu. Nustatyta stipri atvirkštine koreliacija, kai matavimai atlikti ta pačia diena. Gauti skirtingi ivairiu metu sezonu koreliacijos koeficientai. Atliekant KKSS mažejimo analize buvo parinktas empirinis kriterijus –20 imp./h. Nustatytas saryšis tarp KKSS mažejimo 1,2–1,6 MeV energetiniame intervale ir atmosferos slegio mažejimo po 3–6 paru Vilniuje. KKSS mažejimas buvo analizuojamas per 8–9, 9–10, 11–12, 12–13 val. laiko intervalus. 2004–2005 m. atmosferos slegio mažejimo prognozes efektyvumas Vilniuje pagal KKSS mažejima buvo 59–73 %. Резюме Анализируется связь между изменениями потока жёсткого космического излучения (ПЖКИ) и атмосферного давления. ПЖКИ определялся с помощью гамма-спектрометра со сцинтилляционным детектором. Подробная метеорологическая информация была прегoставлена гидрометеорологической службой Литвы. Коэффициенты корреляции между колебаниями ПЖКИ и атмосферного давления были рассчитаны методом прямой регрессии. Установлена сильная обратная корреляция для тех случаев, когда измерения проводились одновременно. Значения коэффициентов корреляции оказались различными для разных сезонов года. При проведении анализа уменьшения ПЖКИ был выбран эмпирический критерий – 20 имп/час. Установлена прогностическая связь между уменьшением ПЖКИ в энергическом интервале 1,2–1,6 МэВ и уменьшением атмосферного давления через 3–6 суток в г. Вильнюсе. Уменьшение ПЖКИ рассматривалось в следующих временных интервалах: 8–9, 9–10, 11–12, 12–13 час. Эффективность прогноза уменьшения атмосферного давления в г. Вильнюсе по уменьшению ПЖКИ составила 59–73% в 2004–2005 гг.


1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S1020-S1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Chow ◽  
K. K. Wu ◽  
N. Simpson ◽  
V. D. Hopper

Analysis of emulsions exposed to cosmic radiation at atmospheric depths between 10 and 40 g/cm2 at λ = 47 °S geomagnetic on 11 December 1964 shows that there is little variation with altitude in proton flux in this altitude range. However, the total star production rate increases with increasing atmospheric depth but with a smaller slope than that measured by Geiger counter. Preliminary results obtained from exposures made in November 1965 at 8.5, 28.4, and 58 g/cm2 show that the values of proton flux at 8.5 and 58 g/cm2 are lower than that at 28.4 g/cm2. A study of the rate of production of stars at λ = 43° S and 9 g/cm2 over the period April 1962 to September 1966 shows some correlation with the ground-based neutron monitor count rate. The proton flux at the top of the atmosphere at latitude 47° S is estimated as 900 ± 100 protons/m2 sr s.


Author(s):  
Dmitrijus Styro ◽  
Jovita Damauskaitė ◽  
Aleksej Beliajev

Measurements and analyses of variations of the hard cosmic ray flux (HCRF) were carried out in the energy range 1.2–1.6 MeV in Vilnius in 2002–2005, using gamma-spectrometer. The predictive connection between increase of HCRF and atmospheric pressure in 2–5 days was defined. Investigation of this connection was conducted into a period of time 14–19 h, which was divided into five hourly time intervals: 14–15, 15–16, 16–17, 17–18 and 18–19. For procession of experimental data, the empirical criteria of HCRF increase were suggested. These criteria indicate the HCRF increase in two or more number intervals with a condition of HCRF increase by 15 imp/h or more in every of them next day and total value has to exceed 40 and 50 imp/h. The efficiency of prognosis of atmospheric pressure increase by the increase of HCRF was 62–73% in 2002–2005, using the first criterion (40 imp/h) and 53–67% using the second one (50 imp/h). The illustration of atmospheric pressure formations confirm the results of prognosis of anticyclone transfer, which block the way to the motion of cyclones eastward from the Atlantic Ocean. Hence, the prognostic connection between atmospheric pressure increases in 2–5 days by HCRF increase was defined for the first time. Santrauka 2002–2005 m. gamą spektrometru Vilniuje atlikti 1,2–1,6 MeV energinio intervalo kietosios kosminės spinduliuotės srauto (KKSS) matavimai. Nustatytas prognostinis ryšys tarp KKSS didėjimo ir atmosferos slėgio padidėjimo po 2–5 parų. Tirta laiko intervalas nuo 14 iki 19 h. Rezultatų analizei šis tarpsnis padalytas į penkis laiko intervalus: 14–15, 15–16, 16–17, 17–18 ir 18–19 h. Gautiems duomenims realizuoti praktiškai buvo pasiūlyti dviejų ar didesnio nurodyto laiko intervalų skaičiaus KKSS didėjimo empiriniai kriterijai su sąlyga, kad kiekvieno iš jų KKSS padidėjimas ne mažesnis kaip 15 imp./h, o suminė reikšmė turi viršyti 40 imp./h, arba 50 imp./h. Esant šioms sąlygoms buvo ieškomas koreliacinis ryšys tarp KKSS variacijų ir atmosferos slėgio padidėjimų. Prognozės efektyvumas 2002–2005 m., taikant pirmajį kriterijų (40 imp./h), buvo 62–72%, o taikant antrajį (50 imp./h) mažesnis – 53–67%. Barinių formacijų iliustravimas patvirtina blokuojančių anticiklonų, kurie užtveria kelią nuo Atlanto vandenyno judantiems į rytus ciklonams, judėjimo prognozės rezultatus. Pirmą kartą nustatytas prognostinis ryšys tarp KKSS didėjimo ir atmosferos slėgio padidėjimo po 2–5 parų. Резюме Измерения и анализ вариаций потока жесткого космического излучения (ПЖКИ) проводились в энергетическоминтервале 1,2–1,6 МэВ в г. Вильнюсе в 2002–2005 гг. с помощью гаммаспектрометра. Определялась прогностическая связь между ростом ПЖКИ и увеличением атмосферного давления спустя 2–5 суток. Исследования такой связи проводились ежедневно от 14 до 19 часов. Этот временной диапазон разделялся на пять временных часовыхинтервалов: 14–15, 15–16, 16–17, 17–18, 18–19 час. Для обработки опытных данных предложены эмпирическиекритерии, которые определяют ПЖКИ в двух или большем количестве временных интервалов при условии, чтоего рост в каждом из них на следующие сутки должен быть не менее 15 имп/час, а суммарное значение должнопревышать 40 или 50 имп/час. При этих условиях была установлена корреляционная связь между ростом ПЖКИ иувеличением атмосферного давления, эффективность которой для 2002–2005 гг. оказалась 62–72 % с применением первого критерия (40 имп/час), а при использовании второго эффективность оказалась ниже – 53–67 %. Приведенная иллюстрация барических образований подтверждает результаты прогноза смещения блокирующихантициклонов, которые перекрывают путь циклонам, движущимся в восточном направлении со стороны Атлантического океана. Таким образом, впервые установлена прогностическая связь между возрастанием ПЖКИ и ростом атмосферного давления спустя 2–5 суток.


1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
K. G. McCracken

Instruments were flown on the Pioneer 6 and 7 spacecraft during 1965-66 to study the degree of anisotropy of cosmic radiation in the energy range 7.5-90 Mev/nucleón. The instruments record the cosmic ray fluxes from each of four contiguous ‘quadrants’ of azimuthal rotation of the spacecraft, for each of three energy windows 7.5-45 Mev, 45-90 Mev, and 150-350 Mev for alpha particles and heavier nuclei. In addition, the counting rate of all particles of energy >7.5 Mev is recorded, thereby providing cosmic ray data of high statistical precision useful in the study of fast changes in the cosmic ray flux.


Author(s):  
Dmitrijus STYRO ◽  
Ana USOVAITE

The connection has been found between the course of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the hard cosmic ray flux (HCRF) near the ground surface in Vilnius. The course of air temperature and number of sunspot was simultaneously considered. The investigation was carried out for the average annual and average monthly values in the period of solar cycle 2001–2012. The course of average annual data is most identical for HCRF and number of sunspot: whereas, it significantly differs from CVD and temperature course. The stable connection between a course of average monthly values of HCRF and CVD is found. Such a connection for temperature and CVD had a negative correlation with coefficient of correlation –0.9. A rather weak correlation was between the change in the number of sunspots another characteristics. Values of correlation coefficient between them were less than 0.4 during all of the solar cycle2001–2012. The exception had taken place at the maximum solar activity, i. e. in 2001 and 2012 when values of correlation coefficient exceeded 0.5. For the short-term prognosis of CVD leaps exceeding average monthly value by 10%in 1–3 days after HCRF decrease according to the proposed criterion, the high efficiency of the results 68–79% was obtained. The variation of sunspot number isn’t connected with these data. A short-term connection between the change in air temperature, the change in the sunspot number and CVD leaps has not been found. The human factor has an additional influence on CVD leaps, which was considered in these studies.


Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorgos Facorellis ◽  
Yannis Maniatis ◽  
Bernd Kromer

Systematic treatment of the data recorded by our guard counters and corrections introduced for meteorological factors has allowed observations on solar events clearly manifested in the readings. Examples are the solar flares of March 1989 and especially of June 1991, which caused a ca. 10% decrease in the cosmic radiation flux reaching the counters. A sinusoidal variation in the cosmic-ray flux with a period of one year is also clearly manifested in the data. The observation that the background in the 14C measurements depends on the intensity of the cosmic radiation has led to the use of monthly correlations for the determination of the best background value to be used in the age calculations. This reduces the error significantly. However, various factors such as random statistical fluctuations of the background measurements may affect the slope of the correlations and consequently the calculated age of the samples. Long-term observations of the relation between background values and coincidence counts have led to constraints in the slope of the correlation. A simple extension of the fitting procedure is explored, which maintains the physically meaningful range of the slopes, but is flexible to adjust for the seasonally varying contributions to the variations of the cosmic-ray flux.


Author(s):  
Gordon McIntosh ◽  
Alaina Swanson ◽  
Liam Taylor ◽  
Erick Paul Agrimson ◽  
Kaye Smith ◽  
...  

The Regener-Pfotzer (RP) maximum is the altitude at which cosmic radiation intensity is the greatest. A decrease of the altitude of the interaction layer, assumed to be measured by the RP maximum, has been suggested to account for a reduction in the secondary cosmic ray flux measured at the surface of the Earth during a total solar eclipse. To investigate this suggestion, high altitude cosmic radiation was measured using Geiger Mueller (GM) counters carried beneath weather balloons both before and during the total solar eclipse on 21 August 2017. The 19 and 20 August 2017 omnidirectional RP maxima occurred at an average altitude of 20.2 km ± 0.9 km. During the eclipse of 21 August 2017 the omnidirectional RP maxima occurred at an altitude of 20.4 km ± 0.8 km. The 19 and 20 August 2017 vertical coincidence RP maxima occurred at an altitude of 18.3 km ± 1.0 km. During the eclipse the vertical coincidence RP maxima occurred at 18.0 km ± 1.0 km. Our results do not show any decrease in the altitude of either the omnidirectional or the vertical coincidence RP maximum outside the range of our measurements before the eclipse.


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