Post-operative Pain and Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Formulations Intracanal Medication: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

AIM: To evaluate the effect of using combined calcium hydroxide/silver nanoparticles or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) individually as intracanal medications in reducing postoperative pain and intracanal bacterial count. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with necrotic mandibular anterior teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups; Ca(OH)2 + AgNPs or AgNPs gel (Intervention Groups) or Ca(OH)2 (Control Group). Patients received a standard 2-visit endodontic treatment and recorded their pain levels after 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following the first and second visit on a modified visual analogue scale (VAS). Intracanal bacterial counts were assessed using culturing before and after instrumentation and intracanal medication. Outcome data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher’s Exact tests to compare between the groups and Friedman’s test to assess the changes by time. RESULTS: At 24 hours interappointment the incidence of pain was statistically significant (P = .005) as well as at 48 hours (P = .001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean percentage reduction of anaerobic bacterial counts in the three groups with the highest percentage in the Ca(OH)2 + AgNPs group at 98.9% followed by AgNPs group 98.5% and Ca(OH)2 at 85.3% (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined calcium hydroxide/silver nanoparticles reduced the intracanal bacterial counts significantly, but adversely affected the interappointment pain. Based on that finding, this combination should be tested in different concentrations with different ratios to reach the most effective combination that reduce pain with high antibacterial efficacy.

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Comparative evaluation of anti-bacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticle, nanoparticle calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide against enterococcus faecalis biofilm- An In vitro study

International Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.14419/ijdr.v6i2.13743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Dr.Abirami V. ◽

Dr.A.Shafie Ahamed ◽

Dr.Bhavani S. ◽

Dr.Rajaraman G.

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

P Value ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of silver Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis bio film formed on root dentinThe Minimal inhibitory concentration test and Anti microbial test were conducted for silver nanoparticle, Nanoparticle calcium hydroxide. Teeth were inoculated with E.faecalis strains for 1month to establish a standard mono species bio film model. Biofilm formation is confirmed using SEM. The intracanal medicaments were placed inside the canal and colony forming units (CFU) were counted before and 7 days later the placement of the medicament.MIC for AGNP is 25µg/200µl and for NCH is 12.5µg/200µl. The Antimicrobial test conducted shows zone of inhibition about 11mm and 14mm for AGNP and NCH respectively at 500µg. The calcium hydroxides do not show any antibacterial activity at this concentration. In antibacterial efficacy test using CFU count, the AGNP and NCH shows 75% and 61% of antibacterial efficacy respectively whereas calcium hydroxide has exhibited just 11% of antibacterial efficacy. Silver Nanoparticles and nanoparticle calcium hydroxide had statistically significant difference in the reduction in the number of colonies when compared to calcium hydroxide by post hoc turkey test and p-value of <0.01 was considered as significant in this study.

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Postoperative pain and antibacterial effect of 980 nm diode laser versus conventional endodontic treatment in necrotic teeth with chronic periapical lesions: A randomized control trial

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16794.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dina A. Morsy ◽

Maged Negm ◽

Alaa Diab ◽

Geraldine Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Root Canal ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Background: Many challenges encounter the endodontist, especially when dealing with necrotic teeth with chronic periapical lesions. Postoperative pain may be induced following conventional endodontic therapy and total eradication of the bacteria is almost unachievable even with recently available techniques. In recent years, diode laser usage in the endodontic field has gained acceptance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ability of the diode laser (DL) to decrease postoperative pain and achieve root canal sterility. Methods: 56 patients with anterior teeth with chronic periapical lesions in upper anterior teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 28). All patients were treated with two visits of conventional root canal treatment with ProTaper Universal. The DL group: root canals were irradiated with 200 µm fiber optic at both visits; the control group (Endo): the DL fiber was placed in root canal with no activation. Bacterial samples were collected from all the cases at each step of the treatment. Pain levels were evaluated using a numerical rating scale preoperatively, and after 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 7 days. Bacterial count was used to detect both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial load. Results: The qualitative pain scores revealed statistically significant lower pain levels in the DL group compared with the Endo group at all time intervals (P<0.001), except preoperatively where there was no significant difference. There was a statistically significant lower bacterial count for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the DL group compared with the Endo group in both S3 samples (after laser application) and S4 samples (bacterial colonization) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The 980 nm diode laser may be a successful adjunct to conventional endodontic treatment of necrotic cases with chronic periapical lesions in terms of postoperative pain and root canal disinfection. Trail registration: PACTR201511001275414 (date: 23rd September 2015)

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An in Vivo Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite and Biopure MTAD™ against Enterococcus Faecalis in Primary Teeth: A qPCR Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.39.1.c4q2155r16817219 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

SG Tulsani ◽

N Chikkanarasaiah ◽

S Bethur

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Control Group ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Root Canal Irrigant

Objectives: Biopure MTAD™, a new root canal irrigant has shown promising results against the most common resistant microorganism, E. faecalis, in permanent teeth. However, there is lack of studies comparing its antimicrobial effectiveness with NaOCl in primary teeth. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl 2.5% and Biopure MTAD™ against E. faecalis in primary teeth. Study design: Forty non vital single rooted primary maxillary anterior teeth of children aged 4-8 years, were irrigated either with NaOCl 2.5% (n=15), Biopure MTAD™ (n=15) and 0.9% Saline (n=10, control group). Paper point samples were collected at baseline (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2) during the pulpectomy procedure. The presence of E. faecalis in S1 & S2 was evaluated using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Statistical significant difference was found in the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl 2.5 % and BioPure MTAD™ when compared to saline (p>0.05). However, no statistical significant difference was found between the efficacies of both the irrigants. Conclusions: NaOCl 2.5% and BioPure MTAD™, both irrigants are equally efficient against E. faecalis in necrotic primary anterior teeth. MTAD is a promising irrigant, however clinical studies are required to establish it as ideal root canal irrigant in clinical practice.

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Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Three Obturation Techniques Using a Glucose Leakage Test

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2704094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Olczak ◽

Halina Pawlicka

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Thermal Methods ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of three different canal filling techniques. Sixty-four roots of extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared using ProTaper® rotary instruments. The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n=16) and 2 control groups (n=8). The root canals were filled using cold lateral compaction (CLC group), continuous wave condensation technique using the Elements Obturation Unit® (EOU group), and ProTaper obturators (PT group). For the negative control group, 8 roots were filled using lateral compaction as in the CLC group, and the teeth were covered twice with a layer of nail varnish (NCG group). Another 8 roots were filled using lateral compaction, but without sealer, and these were used as the positive control (PCG group). A glucose leakage model was used for quantitative evaluation of microleakage for 24 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 weeks. No significant difference in the cumulative amount of leakage was found between the three experimental groups at all observation times. The lateral condensation of cold gutta-percha can guarantee a similar seal of canal fillings as can be achieved by using thermal methods, in the round canals.

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Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide and 2% Chlorhexidine as Medicaments

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v5i2.19156 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Rupan Tripathi ◽

Vanita Gautam ◽

V. K. Pahwa ◽

Vikas Agrhari ◽

Manu Batra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Chlorhexidine Gel

INTRODUCTION: The use of intracanal medicaments help in elimination of bacteria that remain even after cleaning and shaping. This study isdone to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament against E.faecalis.MATERIAL & METHODS: Sixty extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared with standard method. After contaminating the canals with E. Faecalis and incubated for seven days, the samples were divided into four groups (n=15). Normal saline was used as control group. The teeth in each group were treated with normal saline, calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel. Microbial samples were obtained from the dentinal shavings of root and colony forming units (CFU) of E.faecalis were recorded after 24hrs, 72hrs and 7 days.RESULTS: To determine the significance of the differences between the different groups, ANOVA(Analysis of variance) and Tukeys Honestly significant Difference (HSD) Post hoc test were performed. Mean CFU of calcium hydroxide group and 2% chlorhexidine group was statistically significantly different from CFU of all other groups (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: Mean CFU of calcium hydroxide was found to increase at 24 hrs and decreases at 72 hrs and 7 days.The antimicrobial efficacy 2% chlorhexidine gel was better than calcium hydroxide paste.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017)Vol.05 No.02 Issue 16, Page: 8-11

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Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Some Physical& Biological Properties of Fluid Denture Base Material

Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences ◽

10.32441/kjps.04.01.p3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 04 (1) ◽

pp. 27-40

Author(s):

Jaymin Taher ◽

Salem Salem

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Color Change ◽

Base Material ◽

Color Stability ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Strength Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Transverse Strength ◽

Significant Difference

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most widely used materials in modern prosthodontics. It is widely known due to its simplicity in use and acceptable aesthetic. A new concept of polymerization fluid resin technique was instead of heat and gypsum material. Forty specimens were prepared from two brands of fluid acrylic resin. The samples were divided into two groups, the first one was the control while the other group was incorporated with silver nanoparticles(modified). The tests performed were impact strength, transverse strength, color stability and candida retention ability on the samples. 10 samples for each test were used. The results showed that modified group had significantly higher impact strength than the control group. There was non-significant difference between group of modified fluid acrylic and control group. Regarding color stability, there were highly significant color change after 10 days of immersion in the tea solution for the modified group the results of the biological test showed that the candida retention of the control group was significantly higher than modified group. Within the limitation of this study it can be concluded that addition of silver nanoparticles has resulted in significant difference between control and modified group for impact strength test. While non-significant difference was seen for transverse strength test. In regard to color stability, showed enhancement in color stability for both before and after placement in tea solution. Addition of silver nanoparticles also caused reduction in candida albicans retention in the added samples.

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Perbedaan efektivitas jus tomat (Lucopersicon esculentum Mill.) dan jus apel (Mallus sylvestris Mill.) sebagai bahan alami pemutih gigi

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.13488 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Enny F. S. Lumuhu ◽

Martha M. Kaseke ◽

Wulan G. Parengkuan

Keyword(s):

Apple Juice ◽

Color Change ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Tomato Juice ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbamide Peroxide ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Tooth Discoloration ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract: Teeth appearance plays an important role in human interaction. One of its problems is tooth discoloration which can affect personal self confidence and appearance. Chemicals for whitening the teeth can cause negative effects such as decreased enamel hardness and gingival iritaion. An alternative material that can be used for that purpose is natural substance inter alia tomato juice (Lucopersicon esculentum Mill.) which contains hydrogen peroxide and apple juice (Mallus sylvestris Mill.) which contains malic acid. This study aimed to determine the difference in effectiveness of tomato juice and apple juice as natural bleaching agents. This was a true experimental study with a pretest postest only control group design. There were 30 samples of post-extraction anterior teeth soaked in coffee for 12 days and were further divided into 3 groups, each of 10 samples. Group 1 was immersed in tomato juice; group 2 was immersed in apple juice; and group 3 as the positive control was immersed in carbamide peroxide 10%. Each group was observed after 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days. The color change was measured by using CIEL*a*b method. The results showed that tomato juice, apple juice, and carbamide peroxide 10% could whiten the teeth. However, tomato juice was more effective compared to apple juice and carbamide peroxide 10%. Apple juice and carbamide peroxide 10% did not show any significant difference in color change. Keywords: tomato juice, apple juice, carbamide peroxide 10%, tooth discolorationAbstrak: Penampilan gigi berperan dalam interaksi manusia. Masalah dalam penampilan gigi salah satunya ialah perubahan warna gigi yang dapat memengaruhi kepercayaan diri dan keindahan penampilan seseorang. Penggunaan bahan kimia untuk memutihkan gigi dapat berdampak negatif seperti penurunan kekerasan email dan iritasi gingiva. Bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk memutihkan gigi yaitu dengan bahan alami antara lain jus tomat (Lucopersicon esculentum Mill.) yang mengandung hidrogen peroksida dan jus apel (Mallus sylvestris Mill.) yang mengandung asam malat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas jus tomat dan jus apel sebagai bahan alami pemutih gigi. Terdapat 30 sampel gigi anterior pasca ekstraksi yang direndam kopi selama 12 hari. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 10 sampel. Kelompok 1 direndam dalam jus tomat; kelompok 2 direndam dalam jus apel; dan kelompok 3 sebagai kontrol positif menggunakan karbamid peroksida 10%. Setiap kelompok dilakukan pengamatan 1 hari, 3 hari dan 5 hari. Perubahan warna diukur menggunakan metode CIEL*a*b. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jus tomat, jus apel, dan karbamid peroksida 10% dapat memutihkan gigi. Jus tomat lebih efektif memutihkan gigi dibandingkan jus apel dan karbamid peroksida 10%. Jus apel dan karbamid peroksida 10% tidak memiliki perbedaan memutihkan gigi yang signifikan.Kata kunci: jus tomat, jus apel, karbamid peroksida 10%, perubahan warna gigi

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Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine and Glass Ionomer as Root-End Materials: A Question of Choice

Acta Medica Academica ◽

10.5644/ama2006-124.312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Aida Džanković ◽

Naida Hadžiabdić ◽

Samra Korać ◽

Irmina Tahmiščija ◽

Alma Konjhodžić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Objectives. The goal of this study was to determine the sealing ability of MTA, Biodentine, and Fuji IX as root-end materials after ultrasonic retrograde preparation using a dye penetration method. Materials and Methods. Seventy permanent anterior teeth were used in this study. Root canals were prepared using rotary endodontic files, and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. The resection of the root apices was performed perpendicularly to the long axis, and 3 mm deep retrocavities were made by ultrasonic tips. The samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups (N=20) and two control groups (N=5). The root-end cavities were filled with mineral-trioxide aggregate (Rootdent MTA, TehnoDent, Russia) in Group 1, Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) in Group 2 and Fuji IX GP (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Group 3. The retrocavities of the positive control group were left unfilled, while retrocavities in the negative control group were sealed using a flowable composite material. The samples were made transparent, and dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope (x10). The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. The Biodentine group had a lower mean leakage value than the MTA and Fuji IX groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). No statistical difference in apical microleakage was found between the MTA and Fuji IX groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that Biodentine provides better sealing ability as a root-end material than MTA and Fuji IX. There was no statistically significant difference between the sealing ability of MTA and Fuji IX as root-end materials.

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Effect of intracanal medicaments on radicular dentine: An attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis

Asian Journal of Oral Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.25259/ajohas_2_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Promila Verma ◽

Afsana Ansari ◽

Aseem Prakash Tikku ◽

Anil Chandra ◽

Rakesh Kumar Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Control Group ◽

Water Control ◽

Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of proton-pump inhibitor, triple antibiotic paste, and calcium hydroxide on the chemical arrangement of radicular dentine by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and its effect on dentine matrix of root canal under scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mandibular premolars were sectioned to obtain 72 radicular dentine discs and exposed to triple antibiotic paste (tripaste), proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), calcium hydroxide (CH) paste, and deionized water (control) for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. FTIR analyzes the relative loss of organic and inorganic components using phosphate/amide I ratios of all samples. Results: Data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc comparisons. There was a significant difference in phosphate/amide I ratios for all the specimen statistically. Higher phosphate/amide I ratio was seen in sample treated with triple antibiotic paste (TAP) for 4 weeks as compared to 1 week (P = 0.24) and 2 weeks treated dentine (P = 0.34). The phosphate/amide I ratio of 1 week treated dentine was significantly higher than that of 2 weeks treated dentine. Sample treated with PPI for 4 weeks had lower phosphate/amide I ratio as compared to 1 week (P = 0.08) and 2 weeks treated dentine (P = 0.34), but there was no significant difference in 1 week and 2 weeks treated dentine. There was no significant effect of time for CH-treated dentine or in control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: All medicaments caused demineralization of radicular dentine depending on the duration of time. PPI caused maximum demineralization when treated for longer duration as compared to the use of TAP and CH.

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide as an Intra Canal Dressing on Postoperative Reaction of Patients with Residual Pulpitis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.211 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 749 ◽

pp. 211-214

Author(s):

Hui Xiao Yang

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Treatment Session ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of calcium hydroxide as an intra canal dressing on controlling postoperative pain and swelling in patients suffering from residual pulpitis. 118 patients with residual pulpitis in their anterior teeth participated in this study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B) of fifty-nine. All teeth were treated with root canal therapy with a two-visit approach. The patients in group A were treated with calcium hydroxide as an intra canal dressing , and in group B using formocresol as an intra canal dressing. All of the patients were followed up for 72 h after each treatment session. The postoperative incidence and severity of pain and swelling were recorded. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and variance analysis. After the first visit, the incidence and severity of pain and swelling showed to be higher in group B and lower in group A. These differences were statistically significant. After the second visit, the incidence and severity of pain and swelling showed to be still higher in group B and lower in group A. But there were no significant difference. Conclusion It is concluded that calcium hydroxide as an intra canal dressing could be effective to decrease the postoperative pain and swelling. It is recommended to use calcium hydroxide as an inter-appointment dressing in teeth with residual pulpitis.

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