scholarly journals Historical perspective on the synonymization of the four major pest species belonging to the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Hee ◽  
Suk-Ling Wee ◽  
Ritsuo Nishida ◽  
Hajime Ono ◽  
Jorge Hendrichs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Major Pest

Bactrocera dorsalis species complex. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Complex Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bactrocera dorsalis species complex. Diptera: Tephritidae Pest species of the Oriental fruit fly complex An illustration of the Oriental fruit fly complex indicating the distribution of the pest species from maps 109 & 546-552.

The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
The Rich

Abstract The species within the Tribe Dacini from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua (West Papua, Central Papua, Papua), associated islands and Bougainville are recorded. In all, 296 species are recorded including 65 new species described herein. The new species are treated under two genera, Bactrocera Macquart (eight subgenera) and Dacus Fabricius (three subgenera). The following new species are described and illustrated: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atriscuta, B. (B.) bisianumu, B. (B.) bogiae, B. (B.) bubiae, B. (B.) bukaensis, B. (B.) caccabata, B. (B.) centraliae, B (B.) dysoxyli, B. (B.) expandosa, B. (B.) fumica, B. (B.) gabensiae, B. (B.) kaiauiae, B. (B.) kauiae, B. (B.) keravatiae, B. (B.) kokodiae, B. (B.) kunvawaensis, B. (B.) labubulu, B. (B.) laensis, B. (B.) manusiae, B. (B.) meraiensis, B. (B.) monostriata, B. (B.) neoabdonigella, B. (B.) neoaeroginosa, B. (B.) ohuiae, B. (B.) paraendiandrae, B. (B.) paraochracea, B. (B.) pometiae, B. (B.) raunsepnaensis, B. (B.) rounaensis, B (B.) rutilana, B. (B.) saramandiae, B. (B.) sari, B. (B.) sylvania, B. (B.) tikelingiae, B. (B.) trivirgulata, B. (B.) waidoriae, B. (B.) yayamiae, Bactrocera (Bulladacus) curiosa, Bactrocera (Calodacus) insolita, Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) neoaglaiae, B. (H.) wilhelmiae, Bactrocera (Neozeugodacus) leblanci, Bactrocera (Semicallantra) cerberae, B. (S.) malasaitiae, Bactrocera (Tetradacus) arbuscula, B. (T.) novotnyi, B. (T.) procera, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) aiyurae, B. (Z.) anglimpiae, B. (Z.) bainingsiae, B. (Z.) madangiae, B. (Z.) magiae, B. (Z.) mitparingii, B. (Z.) oiyaripensis, B. (Z.) parasepikae, B. (Z.) rufoscutella, B. (Z.) xanthovelata, Dacus (Callantra) nigrolobus, D. (Mellesis) alatifuscatus, Dacus (Neodacus) asteriscus, D. (N.) bimaculosus, D. (N.) curvabilis, D. (N.) kreeriae, D. (N.) lalokiae and D. (N.) neosignatifrons. Females of B. (Bactrocera) daruensis Drew, B. (Bactrocera) nigella (Drew) and B. (Bactrocera) thistletoni Drew are described and a revised description of B. (Bactrocera) torresiae Huxham & Hancock is presented. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) denigrata (Drew) is withdrawn from synonymy with B. longicornis Macquart, and a full description of B. longicornis is presented from a study of the holotype and 27 newly collected specimens. New geographical distribution, host plant and male lure records are presented for some species. The major pest species that occur in the geographical region covered by this publication are reviewed and their biosecurity risks to other regional countries discussed. The land mass of Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua contains a richer fauna than any other from South-east Asia to the eastern Pacific, presumably resulting from speciation in the rich rainforest ecosystem. Differences of opinion on the status of some species in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex and on the supraspecific classification within the genus Bactrocera are evident in the literature. We have acknowledged and discussed these differences and, as authors, have presented conclusions based on our own research data.

scholarly journals Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Cryptoblabes Gnidiella ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid, Eublemma (Autoba) gayneri (Roth.); the pyralid, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Millière, and the cosmopterigid, Pyroderces simplex Walsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species, Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of the E. gayneri and C. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid, Brachymeria aegyptiaca (Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, and Orius spp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especially P. simplex recorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals A DNA investigation into the mysterious disappearance of the Rocky Mountain grasshopper, mega-pest of the 1800s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chapco ◽  
G. Litzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Remarkable Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest

The mysterious extinction of the Rocky Mountain Grasshopper, Melanoplus spretus, a major pest species on the prairies and plains of the 1800s, is truly a remarkable event in the history of agriculture. Recently, we obtained specimens of M. spretus from museums and from 400-year-old glacial deposits in Wyoming. We report success in obtaining mitochondrial DNA sequences from both sources. This permitted us to examine two issues surrounding the species’ disappearance. First, a long-standing view that M. spretus and the extant species Melanoplus sanguinipes are (if not phase transforms of one another) sister taxa, is disputed, but cannot be rejected with certainty. Interestingly, there is some evidence that suggests there may be a closer affinity with another member of the Mexicanus species-group, Melanoplus bruneri. Second, because M. spretus still possesses considerable nucleotide diversity (1.15 ± 0.19%), a depletion of variation cannot be considered a factor contributing to its demise.

scholarly journals Species Delineation Within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Complex Revealed by Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian F Gomez ◽  
James Skelton ◽  
M Sedonia Steininger ◽  
Richard Stouthamer ◽  
Paul Rugman-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
C Subunit

Abstract The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff sensu lato is a complex of genetically divergent emerging pests responsible for damages to tree industries and ecosystems around the world. All lineages within the species complex are currently considered morphologically identical, presenting problems for their delineation and highlighting the shortcomings of species concepts based solely on type-specimen morphology. The objectives of this work were to 1) broaden the geographic sampling of the E. fornicatus complex in Asia, 2) reconstruct relationships between clades and populations, 3) find morphological characters or combinations of characters which are useful in delimiting the genetic lineages of the E. fornicatus species complex, and 4) propose taxonomic delimitation of species where morphology and phylogenetic identity correlate. Our integrated approach using molecular and morphological evidence suggests four clades that differ morphologically, but with overlap, therefore, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) barcoding remains necessary for assigning specimens to a clade. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: E. fornicatus (Eichhoff 1868) (= ‘Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade a’); E. fornicatior (Eggers 1923), stat. rev. (= ‘Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade b’); E. whitfordiodendrus (Schedl 1942), stat. rev. (= ‘Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer’); and E. kuroshio Gomez and Hulcr, sp. nov. (= ‘Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer’). This approach delivers a practical, evidence-based guidance for species delineation that can address overlapping variation in morphological characters of an emerging pest species complex.

Effect of fruit and host fly species on the associative learning by Fopius arisanus

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
A. Monsia ◽  
G.S.B. Mègnigbèto ◽  
D. Gnanvossou ◽  
M.F. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Fopius Arisanus ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Odour Learning ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra

AbstractParasitoids, released in augmentative biological control programmes, which display a rapid host-location capacity, have a higher likelihood of successfully controlling target pest species. By learning to associate sensory cues to a suitable oviposition site, might parasitoids used as biological control agents, locate hosts more rapidly, and perhaps increase the efficacity of e.g. Tephritidae fruit fly management. We studied associative learning of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and tested its range of learning in natural and conditional hosts and host fruits, i.e. Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae) and on fruits (papaya, tomato, banana). Naïve female F. arisanus were compared with experienced wasps, which had been offered infested and non-infested fruit, and been allowed to oviposit. Preferences for olfactory cues from infested fruits were thereafter assessed in a two-choice olfactometer. Naïve and trained parasitoids preference differed in general and non-responders to infested fruits were higher among naïve parasitoids. The trained wasps preferred the fruit infested in the training more than the control fruit, for all combination, except when C. cosyra infested the fruits, hence avoidance behavioural response was observed towards the odour of the infested fruit. Fopius arisanus was capable of behaviourally respond to the learned information, e.g. associative odour learning was achieved, yet limited depending on interaction level, fruit fly and fruit combination. To create F. arisanus preference of an associated odour, it might hence be needed to ensure oviposition in perceived suitable host and host fruit, for the parasitoid learning to become favourable in a biological control setup.

Positive association between resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis and overwintering survival of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Caron ◽  
J.H. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Overwintering Survival ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractDevelopment of resistance to insecticides has generally been associated with fitness costs that may be magnified under challenging conditions. Lepidopterans which are resistant to the biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) have been shown to have reduced fitness, such as lower survival when subjected to overwintering stress. Recently, resistance to Btk has been found in some populations of Trichoplusia ni Hübner in greenhouses in British Columbia. This situation provides an opportunity to investigate potential trade-offs between overwintering survival and insecticide resistance in a major pest species. Here, we assess the survival and eventual fecundity of Btk resistant and susceptible T. ni pupae exposed to cool temperatures. Contrary to our expectations, resistant T. ni had higher overwintering survival than susceptible individuals. This is the first account of a potential advantage associated with Btk resistance. Resistant and susceptible moths had reduced fecundity and smaller progeny after cold exposure compared to controls, and this may counteract the survival advantage. Nevertheless, it seems unlikely that this is sufficient to select out the resistant phenotype in the presence of strong selection for resistance and in the absence of immigration of susceptible moths. The appearance of resistance without evidence of a trade-off in overwintering survival presents a major challenge to management in production greenhouses.

scholarly journals The potential geographical distribution and phenology of Bemisia tabaci Middle East/Asia Minor 1, considering irrigation and glasshouse production

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Kriticos ◽  
P. J. De Barro ◽  
T. Yonow ◽  
N. Ota ◽  
R. W. Sutherst
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Pest Species

AbstractThe Bemisia tabaci species complex is one of the most important pests of open field and protected cropping globally. Within this complex, one species (Middle East Asia Minor 1, B. tabaci MEAM1, formerly biotype B) has been especially problematic, invading widely and spreading a large variety of plant pathogens, and developing broad spectrum pesticide resistance. Here, we fit a CLIMEX model to the distribution records of B. tabaci MEAM1, using experimental observations to calibrate its temperature responses. In fitting the model, we consider the effects of irrigation and glasshouses in extending its potential range. The validated niche model estimates its potential distribution as being considerably broader than its present known distribution, especially in the Americas, Africa and Asia. The potential distribution of the fitted model encompasses the known distribution of B. tabaci sensu lato, highlighting the magnitude of the threat posed globally by this invasive pest species complex and the viruses it vectors to open field and protected agriculture.

Rational strategies for the control of queleas and other migrant bird pests in Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 287 (1022) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Migrant Bird

The red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea , a major pest of cereal crops in Africa, has been ‘controlled’ in many countries for over 20 years. Yet its numbers do not appear to have altered significantly in consequence. Low rainfall, which adversely affects the supply of the birds’ natural food (wild grass seeds), can be held responsible for the temporary decline in numbers in South Africa between 1955 and 1963, and for the currently reduced population in the Sahel states. Attempts to make the population reduction strategy effective by increasing the control effort are likely to be unsuccessful and costly. Instead, other crop protection strategies should be selected, each appropriate to particular damage situations. Where damage is caused to irrigated crops in the dry season, or to wet season crops grown along the birds’ migration routes, an alteration of crop phenology strategy is appropriate. But where damage is caused by newly independent young, the destruction of nearby breeding colonies is required. Such destruction should aim to give local and temporary relief and not attempt overall regulation of the pest’s population. Neither scaring techniques (including chemical repellents), nor so-called birdproof varieties, offer much hope, since damage is largely caused by birds which have no alternative, natural, food source at the time. Other bird pest species require substantial biological research before logical decisions on strategy can be made.

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