scholarly journals Differential Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-492
Author(s):  
Young Sang Lyu ◽  
Jin Hwa Kim ◽  
Sang Yong Kim

Hypoglycemia is common but can lead to life-threatening consequences. Accurate diagnosis is important to establish the appropriate treatment strategy. Most cases of hypoglycemia are caused by hypoglycemic agents, although it can occur in individuals without diabetes. A systemic and comprehensive diagnostic approach is required to diagnose hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes. It is important to perform appropriate blood testing during an episode of hypoglycemia. This review will focus on the definition, differential diagnosis, causes, and treatment of hypoglycemia, particularly in people without diabetes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Settipane

Many systemic diseases are associated with nasal symptoms, Rhinitis associated with asthma is probably the most common with leprosy and fungal infections being the rarest. A careful history and nasal examination in a patient with rhinitis may lead to the discovery of more significant systemic diseases. Proper treatment of systemic disease will often cure or improve the associated rhinitis. Similarly, appropriate treatment of the rhinitis/sinusitis may reduce systemic complaints such as asthma. At times, identification of the cause of rhinitis as in CSF rhinorrhea, Wegeners’ syndrome, etc., alerts one to a life-threatening entity. Thus, it is apparent that the nose is an excellent mirror of some systemic diseases and identifying and understanding the differential diagnosis of nasal symptoms may be a tremendous help in diagnosing the disease and treating the whole patient.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R Naso ◽  
Connie G Chiu ◽  
Michelle E Goecke ◽  
Debra Chang ◽  
Carolyn J Shiau

Benign spindle cell lesions of the breast include neoplastic and reactive entities that are diagnostically challenging given their rarity and similar histomorphology. Accurate diagnosis on percutaneous core biopsy within this category is essential as some lesions require excision and surveillance, whereas others may be observed. We present three cases of rare benign spindle cell lesions of the breast that reflect the diversity of this group: solitary fibrous tumour, nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia and nodular fasciitis. Through these cases, we discuss the associated differential diagnosis and demonstrate how emerging ancillary studies can be integrated into a diagnostic approach. We highlight distinctive clinical and histopathological features and summarise recent updates to the clinical management of these lesions. An organised approach to the broad differential of spindle cell lesions is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.


Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Scioscia ◽  
Bruna A. Virgilio ◽  
Antonio Simone Laganà ◽  
Tommaso Bernardini ◽  
Nicola Fattizzi ◽  
...  

Ultrasound is an effective tool to detect and characterize endometriosis lesions. Variances in endometriosis lesions’ appearance and distorted anatomy secondary to adhesions and fibrosis present as major difficulties during the complete sonographic evaluation of pelvic endometriosis. Currently, differential diagnosis of endometriosis to distinguish it from other diseases represents the hardest challenge and affects subsequent treatment. Several gynecological and non-gynecological conditions can mimic deep-infiltrating endometriosis. For example, abdominopelvic endometriosis may present as atypical lesions by ultrasound. Here, we present an overview of benign and malignant diseases that may resemble endometriosis of the internal genitalia, bowels, bladder, ureter, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, as well as less common locations. An accurate diagnosis of endometriosis has significant clinical impact and is important for appropriate treatment.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1613-1621
Author(s):  
Henry J.C. de Vries ◽  
Charles J.N. Lacey

Anogenital lesions can be related to sexually transmitted infections, physiological variants that worry the patient, or dermatological conditions unrelated to infection. The clinical diagnostic approach is based on the colour of the lesion and the skin layer involved (epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous fat compartment). A strong element of pattern recognition is involved in accurate diagnosis. This can only be learnt with experience, but is essential for determination of appropriate treatment. In this chapter the most common anogenital dermatological diagnoses are discussed using an approach based on the colour of the lesion and the skin layer involved. Many of these infections are asymptomatic, enabling ongoing transmission. Some sexually transmitted infections cause symptoms, especially in the anogenital region, and therefore need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with anogenital lesions.


1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha Wong MD ◽  
Maria Bagovich MD ◽  
Ivan Blasutig PhD ◽  
Simon Carette MD MPhil

This article describes a patient presenting with a sensory polyneuropathy and multiple autoantibodies, leading to the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. His widely positive autoantibody profile in the absence of clinically significant rheumatic disease illustrates the importance of interpreting autoimmune serology in the appropriate clinical context and the concept of HCV being a non-specific activator of the immune system. In addition, it highlights the importance of considering untreated HCV infection in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic complaints, particularly if the workup reveals multiple autoantibodies, as HCV is a potentially severe and life-threatening disease, which can be appropriately managed with effective antiviral therapy.


CHEST Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cormac McCarthy ◽  
Brenna Carey ◽  
Bruce C. Trapnell

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-294
Author(s):  
Eve T. Horwitz

AbstractTwo recent cases have raised important questions concerning the appropriateness of state intervention in parental choices of unorthodox medical treatment for children with life-threatening conditions. This Note first discusses whether, and if so, when, state intervention in a child's treatment selection by its parents is appropriate, and then analyzes the tests a court should apply in deciding upon an appropriate treatment. The Note recommends a decision-making approach that requires the appropriate state agency to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the parents' choice of medical treatment either is directly or is indirectly harming their child. Under this approach, if the state meets its burden of proof the court then must apply the ‘best interests’ test, rather than the ‘substituted judgment’ test, to choose an appropriate medical treatment for the child.


Author(s):  
Gamze Durhan ◽  
Figen Demirkazık

Abstract Background Breast involvement of hematological malignancies is a very rare entity. Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and radiological findings of hematological malignancy breast involvement and to describe possible pitfalls in diagnosis. Results The images of 20 patients with breast involvement of hematological malignancies were retrospectively evaluated on ultrasonography, mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the findings were reported. Bilaterality was seen only in cases with secondary involvement, and there was no marked difference between primary and secondary breast involvement of hematological malignancies. All patients underwent ultrasonography examination. According to ultrasonography, breast masses were most frequently irregular in shape (11/20, 55%) with non-circumscribed margins (11/20, 55%). Posterior acoustic enhancement was noted in 14 cases (70%). Posterior shadowing was not observed in any of the patients. Mammography was available in 10 patients. Microcalcification was not observed in any patient on mammography. MRI was available in four patients. Hyperintensity in T2-weighted images, type 2 or type 3 dynamic curve, and diffusion restriction were observed in all cases. Conclusions Hematological malignancies may mimic both benign breast lesions and breast carcinoma. Familiarity with the radiological features of hematological malignancies can help accurate diagnosis.


2020 ◽  
pp. 197140092097516
Author(s):  
Emil Jernstedt Barkovich ◽  
M Reza Taheri

Hypopharyngeal perforation (HP) is a potentially life-threatening condition most associated with iatrogenic injury and foreign body impaction. Additionally, a number of cases of posterior HP have been reported following blunt cervical trauma. We present a case of a construction accident causing lateral hypopharyngeal rupture. Visceral perforation was initially diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) imaging and managed conservatively. We speculate this region may be particularly vulnerable to injury due to an anatomic transition in adjacent fascial support. A review of 29 prior cases suggests that this may be the first reported case of blunt trauma causing rupture of the pyriform sinus. However, significant heterogeneity exists in diagnostic approach. Radiography and CT are rapid, sensitive modalities for suggesting pharyngeal perforation, while fluoroscopy and endoscopy can better assess injury size and location and monitor resolution. Early radiologic recognition of hypopharyngeal injury is essential to initiate appropriate treatment. In certain cases, including our own, both the presence and specific location of perforation may be identified on initial CT images.


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