scholarly journals Impact of some local organic by-products on Acheta domesticus growth and meal production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
C. Jucker ◽  
S. Belluco ◽  
S. Bellezza Oddon ◽  
A. Ricci ◽  
L. Bonizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
By Products

The house cricket Acheta domesticus is one of the species of major interest as alternative protein source for humans in the recent research of sustainable and nutritious sources of food. However, grain feeds, feed for poultry and soybean still represent common source of feeds for the insect industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some agro-food by-products on the growth parameters of the crickets and the nutritional composition of the final cricket meal. Our study included five by-products (maize grain distiller, fruits and vegetables, grape marc, and two brewery’s wastes), while hen feed was used as a control diet. Substrates were analysed for their microbiological contamination prior to be provided to crickets. No Listeria and Salmonella were detected, but high microbial counts were observed. Crickets grown on the given by-products showed significant differences on the insect’s weight starting from the third week. High mortality was observed on all substrates, except on maize distiller and the control diet. The final cricket meal showed a similar protein content (66-68% as is), while the lipid content was higher in the meal from cricket reared on maize distiller (22% as is). Finally, microbiological and chemical analyses on the cricket meals did not show safety concerns for the consumers. The by-products studied, except maize grain distiller, did not support an optimal cricket rearing, but more studies are necessary to identify a mix-formulation meeting the cricket nutritional requirements.

Effects of two diets on adults’ survival and productivity in mass-rearing of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Naser El Deen ◽  
F. Lamaj ◽  
V. Verrastro ◽  
L. Al Bitar ◽  
F. Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Yellow mealworm is a grain infesting pest that is receiving attention nowadays as an alternative protein source for humans and animals. Its ability to convert low quality feed, like organic by-products, into high-quality food increases its production sustainability. The feeding diet is one of the most important factors in rearing Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which affects its growth, longevity and nutritional composition. Many by-products have been tested on larvae, but studies are scarce on adults. This work aimed to compare the effect of chicken feed diet (C) and wheat bran (B) by-product, as well as integrating yeast (CY and BY), on the adults’ reproduction and larval growth. Experiment was set up in a complete productive cycle of mass-rearing. The evaluation was done on the reproductive stage of the adults and the development of the larvae until harvesting (appearance of the first pupa). Results showed that the bran-based diets significantly improved the adults’ survival; after 50 days, mean of 110 and 146 adults survived on B and BY diets respectively compared to mean of 23 adults when reared on both chicken feed diets. Besides, wheat bran supplemented with yeast improved the total number of larvae (6,448.2 larvae) compared to bran diet (4,016.7 larvae). Whereas the two chicken feed-based diets had significant positive effect on the average larval weight; the maximum weight reached was 116.3 mg and 145.8 mg for larvae read on C and CY diets respectively compared to 47.8 mg and 57.3 mg on B and BY diets. Nevertheless, in 50 days of reproduction, the total larval biomass was highest on bran supplemented with yeast (283.1 g). In conclusion, the increase of sustainability and efficiency in mass-rearing of mealworms is possible by using appropriate diets on respective stages; bran-based diets for reproduction and chicken feed-based diets for larval growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on the Growth Performance, Feed Conversion, and Nutrient Content of the House Cricket

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bawa ◽  
S Songsermpong ◽  
C Kaewtapee ◽  
W Chanput
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Pumpkin Powder

Abstract The house crickets, Acheta domesticus, are sustainable and nutritious future sources of food, due to their nutritional benefits, particular high protein content and potential in solving global malnutrition. Different diets, particularly protein content, can influence the growth and nutritional value of crickets. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effects of commercial diets and other formulated diets on the nutritional composition and growth parameters of the house crickets, being a major challenge to cricket’s farmers in Thailand. Feed conversion ratio were 1.50, 1.50, and 1.51 for fed crickets on a blend of 22% protein and dry pulp pumpkin powder, fed 22% protein plus fresh pumpkin pulp, and fed 22% protein alone, indicated that these groups are high feed convertors and represented the quality of these diets compared to 1.73 and 1.81 for fed crickets on a blend of 22% and 16% protein, and those fed on 16% protein alone. Fed crickets on 22% protein had the highest amount of protein (76%), the lowest (48%) in those fed on 22% protein and fresh pumpkin pulp inclusion. The group on 22% protein diet also had the highest amount of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium. Fed 22% protein and either dry pulp pumpkin powder or fresh pumpkin pulp condition have shown improvement in vitamin B content. Crickets can effectively be produced on 22% protein diet to improve yield output and several minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium. In contrast, the supplementation of 22% protein diet with pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) will improve vitamin B content.

scholarly journals Valorisation Potential of Using Organic Side Streams as Feed for Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus and Locusta migratoria

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Meggie Van Peer ◽  
Lotte Frooninckx ◽  
Carl Coudron ◽  
Siebe Berrens ◽  
Carlos Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
The Eu

Due to increasing welfare and population, the demand for alternative protein sources, obtained with minimal use of natural resources, is rising in today’s society. Insects have the potential to be used as an alternative protein source since they are considered to be able to convert low-value biomass into high-value components, resulting in opportunities for valorisation of organic side streams. Moreover, insects are suggested to be a sustainable protein source, referring to the efficient “feed to body” mass conversion potential. The aim of this review was to explore the potential to rear the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) on low or not yet valorised organic side streams within the food supply chain. This was performed by collecting research information focusing on the rearing of the insects in scope on organic biomass. In addition, the nutritional composition of the produced insects as well as their dietary requirements will be reviewed. Finally, the availability of side streams in the EU will be discussed as well as their potential to be used as insects feed.

Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Baia ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
Murillo F. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
By Products

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.

scholarly journals Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6554
Author(s):  
Nicola Francesco Addeo ◽  
Basilio Randazzo ◽  
Ike Olivotto ◽  
Maria Messina ◽  
Francesca Tulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
By Products

The effects of replacement of maize grain with ancient wheat by-products on intestinal morphometry and enzymatic activity in laying hens was studied. Eighty hens were divided into two groups (40 each, 8 replicates, 5 hens/replicate) fed two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. In the treated group, part of the maize was replaced by a mix of ancient grains (AGs) middling, in a 50:50 ratio of Triticum aestivum L. var. spelta (spelt) and Triticum durum dicoccum L. (emmer wheat). The AG diet affected the weight of all the large intestine tracts, decreasing the weight of caeca (p < 0.01) and increasing those of colon (p < 0.01), rectum and cloaca (p < 0.05). Villus height in the AG group was higher (p < 0.01) than the control for the duodenum and jejunum, while for the ileum, the control group showed the highest values (p < 0.01). The submucosa thickness was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum, while the jejunum for the AG group showed the highest (p < 0.05) submucosa thickness. The crypts depth was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum. Enzyme activity was enhanced by AGs (p < 0.01) in the duodenum. Regarding the jejunum, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase had higher activity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in the AG group. In the ileum, sucrase-isomaltase showed higher activity (p < 0.01) in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase showed the highest values (p < 0.05) in the AG group. Overall, results suggested that the dietary inclusion of AGs exerted positive effects in hens, showing an improved intestinal function.

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Karhapää ◽  
S. Holm ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
H. Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

Applications of plant-derived food by-products to maintain quality of postharvest fruits and vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Jiang ◽  
Wanli Zhang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yiqin Zhang ◽  
Yijing Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
By Products

Effects of Dietary Level of Rice Distiller’s Dried Grains on Performance and Meat Quality of Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Dang ◽  
N.T.P. Giang ◽  
T.T. Nguyen ◽  
S. Chu-Ky ◽  
N.C. Oanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
National University ◽  
By Products

Background: In Vietnam, animal feed mainly depends on imported raw materials, while available agro-industrial by-products are often released into the environment and only a its unsubstantial portion used as an animal feed. Therefore, efficient use of these by-products as animal feed is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of rice distiller’s dried grain (Rice DDG) on broiler performance, meat yield and meat quality. Methods: The research was conducted at the experimental station, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam, from May to September 2020. A total of 240 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 3 replications to receive 4 diets with different levels of RDDG at 0, 5, 8 and 10% for 14 weeks. Growth, meat yield and meat quality were estimated. Result: ADG was higher in broiler chickens fed diets with rice DDG compared to that in control diet at 12 and 14 weeks (P less than 0.05) while ADFI and FCR were not affected by the diets. There were significantly no differences in meat yield and quality among the diets. In conclusion, rice DDG could be used to partially replace main ingredients in chicken diets.

scholarly journals Nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Dadalt ◽  
Andréa Machado Leal Ribeiro ◽  
Alexandre de Mello Kessler ◽  
William Rui Wesendonck ◽  
Luciane Bockor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, using growing pigs. Thirty-six male pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. Total collection of feces and urine was carried out in two periods of ten days: five days for adaptation and five days for collection. A randomized blocks design was used, considering the sampling period as a block, with five treatments and seven replicates. Two control diets (with and without phytase - Phy) were used in the digestibility calculations, the latter in order to evaluate the enzyme influence on energy digestibility of the tested ingredients. The control diet was replaced by 30% of one of the ingredients: defatted rice bran (DRB) with and without Phy and dephytinised defatted rice bran (DDRB). The use of Phy in the control diet did not influence DRB+Phy energy digestibility. Relative to DRB+Phy, dephytinised defatted rice bran had higher contents of ME and digestible protein but lower digestible P and Ca. Phy supplementation increased Ca and P utilization of DRB and improved energy and protein digestibility. The DRB without Phy showed the lowest digestibility coefficients for all responses. Metabolizable energy, digestible protein, phosphorus and calcium of DRB, DRB+Phy and DDRB were respectively, 2140, 2288 and 2519kcal kg-1; 79.25, 92.41 and 107.10g kg-1; 1.62, 3.41, and 2.11g kg-1 and 2.80, 3.79 and 2.90g kg-1.

Harvest by-products of fresh fruits and vegetables

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-156
Author(s):  
A. E. QuirÓS-Sauceda ◽  
G. R. Velderrain-Rodriguez ◽  
J. Abraham DomÍNguez-Avila ◽  
H. Palafox-Carlos ◽  
J. F. Ayala-Zavala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
By Products
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