Discrimination Against People With HIV and AIDS in the Workplace

2022 ◽  
pp. 1255-1275
Author(s):  
Chinwe Rosabelle Nwanna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Lagos State

The main thrust of the chapter was to explore the discrimination experienced by people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) in the workplace in Lagos State. A purposive sample of 80 PLHIV was selected from two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state: Epe, a rural setting, and Lagos Mainland, an urban one. Secondary data were obtained from internet sources while primary data were collected through structured interviews September 2005–April 2006. Data were analyzed using SPSS versions 11 and 13. Data between and within the rural and urban areas were also analyzed comparatively. The results indicate that PLHIV experienced instant dismissal from offices, mandatory HIV tests, alienation, denial of promotion, and exclusion from insurance schemes. This indicates that PLHIV's rights were violated. The study recommends intensive HIV education and enforcement of national HIV policy and international legal instruments in the workplace to protect PLHIV's rights.

Discrimination Against People With HIV and AIDS in the Workplace

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Chinwe Rosabelle Nwanna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Lagos State

The main thrust of the chapter was to explore the discrimination experienced by people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) in the workplace in Lagos State. A purposive sample of 80 PLHIV was selected from two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state: Epe, a rural setting, and Lagos Mainland, an urban one. Secondary data were obtained from internet sources while primary data were collected through structured interviews September 2005–April 2006. Data were analyzed using SPSS versions 11 and 13. Data between and within the rural and urban areas were also analyzed comparatively. The results indicate that PLHIV experienced instant dismissal from offices, mandatory HIV tests, alienation, denial of promotion, and exclusion from insurance schemes. This indicates that PLHIV's rights were violated. The study recommends intensive HIV education and enforcement of national HIV policy and international legal instruments in the workplace to protect PLHIV's rights.

scholarly journals ALS Curriculum Implementation for Juvenile Delinquents in Urban and Rural Areas in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Vandon Borela
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Alternative Learning ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose: The aim of this research study is to evaluate the implementation of Alternative Learning System (ALS) curriculum offered to juvenile delinquents in urban and rural areas in the Philippines. The study also aims to determine whether the current education programs meet the needs of the juvenile delinquents with reference to Juvenile delinquency acts. The study is an attempt to highlight the aspects of Alternative Learning System (ALS) that should be developed.  Approach/Methodology/Design: The study is qualitative and conducted in Marikina City and Rizal province, the Philippines. This study used exploratory study analysis. The respondents are the Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers. For data collection, three semi-structured interviews were employed and the respondents’ answers were categorized using analytical coding to compare and analyze the implementation of the ALS curriculum for juvenile delinquents. Findings: The interpretation and analysis of the data collected shows that the ALS teachers from both the rural and urban areas have the same experiences on the implementation of the ALS program for juvenile delinquents in terms of curriculum, instruction and assessment. Furthermore, the teachers gave an emphasis that once the juvenile delinquents undergo the program, they are given a new hope and new direction in life to pursue their dreams. Lastly, the teachers from both areas have the same suggestions for the improvement of the implementation of the program, such as additional funds for the development of quality learning materials, increasing the number of learning centers, and designing various forms of assessment.  Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of Alternative learning System. The significance of this study lies in the comparison of the alternative learning system curriculum and how it is implemented to the juvenile delinquents in urban and in rural areas. Originality/value: This study engages ALS teachers in assessing the ALS curriculum, reflecting actual experiences to meet the expectations and needs of the juvenile delinquents.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Managerial Challenges of Affiliated Credit Unions to Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neba Noela Buwah ◽  
Chofor Joyvice
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Corporate Parenting

Aim: This study seeks to analyse the managerial challenges that affiliated Credit Unions to Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL) are exposed to. The prevalence of Credit Unions with limited managerial capacities in most Cameroonian communities both in rural and urban areas invites corporate parenting from bigger support and supervisory organizations like CamCCUL. This parenting relationship between CamCCUL and her affiliates presumes superior managerial capabilities to affiliates which in most cases is a misplaced expectation. This is prompted by the fact that these institutions affect a multitude of lives both directly and indirectly. The Agency and Stakeholder theories served as foundation. Study Design: The study adopted a survey and causal exploratory design with both qualitative and quantitative parameters. The focus of the researcher was to explore managerial challenges from the managers themselves and members of credit unions who are better placed to gauge the effectiveness of managerial actions in terms of the service they receive. Place and Duration: This study was conducted between April 2016 and November 2018, involving 138 of the 210 Credit Unions operating mostly in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon. Methodology: The major instrument for data collection was questionnaire and a pilot study of 50 copies was carried out across various Chapters of CamCCUL. With a population of 210, a stratified sample of 138 was obtained using the Taro Yamane Formula.The primary data was tested to be reliable with a 0.701 consistency coefficient using Cronbach alpha. The study employed Chi-Square as a tool of analysis to measure Credit Unions’ affiliation to CamCCUL and specific Managerial Challenges. Findings: The findings revealed that affiliate Credit Unions to face numerous managerial challenges ranging from structural to resources deficiencies. The most alarming of these problems were the lack of autonomy to take managerial decisions and threats from CamCCUL supervisors. Conclusion: The study concluded that CamCCUL as a league is not operating solely to achieve its mission and has rather kept its affiliated Credit Unions in a tight corner. The researchers recommended that the regulating authorities should render Credit Unions more autonomous where possible. Additionally, there should be well-structured and comprehensive governance policies for the management of all affiliated Credit Unions to comply with.

Age-wise Analysis of Children's Influence in Family Purchase Decisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikishni Harikishni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
The Impact

Children’s age is the most commonly researched variable involving purchase decision influence (Mangleburg, 1990). Previous studies found child's age to be a predominating factor with regard to child's influence across the decision making stages (Beatty and Talpade, 1994). These studies have also found positive correlation between the age of children and the quantum of influence exerted by them on family purchase decisions (Laczniak and Palan, 2004). This study has been undertaken with the specific objective to extend these findings in Indian context, more precisely, to examine the impact of age on Indian children’s influence in family purchase decisions. A “structured non-disguised” pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the students of class eighth to twelfth from 766 families residing in rural and urban areas in Delhi, India. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation and repeated measures ANOVA have been used to analyze and interpret the collected data. As per the analysis results children’s age do not moderate the influence exerted by them in family decision making process, in general, as well as across rural and urban Indian families.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT KASUS DI KABUPATEN: BIMA, SUMBAWA, DAN LOMBOK BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wargono Adisoewignyo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
The Government

The population of the small and medium scale businesses (SMSB) are amounted about more 500 thousand, while their role in GNP are about 50%. More 90% of the SMSB are small scales and carry out their activities in many sectors which are spead out in rural and urban areas as well. The power of the SMSB has been proved through the crises since 1998, they are still exsits, while the conglomerate had been col/aped. The development programme of small businesses in Indonesia has been intorduced for more than 3 decades, but the results are still queationable. In the beginning of 90's, such programmes were introduced in a line of the poverty eradication (PPE). The PPE programes such as PHBK, P4K, KUKESRA and IDT are in a line to the programes of developing real sectors in rural areas. Poverty is a crucial problem and consists of multidimensional aspects, not only economic but also social, cultural, structural and institutional as well.The previous programes never touch the core problem, operate separately, and rarely include the group targets (poor society) to actively participate in the programs. Another new programs such as P-IK, PHBK, KUKESRA and IDT have also been carried out, but at the present the results were still questionably. Some programes are introduced to develop small scales business, such as PHBK dan KUKESRAAims of the study are to indentify: the successes and the .fails of varoius programs for eradicating poverty, terms as 'Program for Poverty Eradication· or shortly PPE; how the fund has been allocated, managed, and coordinated; how jar the society, LSM, and poors themselves do involve; and how jar the programs could reduce poverty and sustainable develop the rural economy. The study has been carried out in three kabupatens: Bima. Sumbawa, dan West Lombok Resource persons are the GO and the NGO officers who close relate with the PPE. The respondents are members POKMAS who receive fund of the PPE. The Sarasehan procedure with resource applies to collect secondary data of the PPE's program from resource persons, while the participatory and emphatic procedures are used to invite responses and attitudes of respondents.The results indicate the models of the PPH, such as P-IK, PHBK. KUKESRA and IDT could not be generalized. Some were more rigid, while some others were accommodative. Some were effective, the others were stagnant, evermore fails. They need solid commitment of all: the government institutions from the top to the lowest. The involvement of the TOGA, the TOMA, and the NGO, and the poor themselves. The more rigid the programs were managed and directed (by the government), the higher the probability of programs are stagnant and even morefruitlessly.

scholarly journals Collaboration between Public Sectors and Community Organizations to Inhibit the Insurgencies Occurring in the Unrest Areas in the Southernmost Provinces

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Chaleomsak Bunnam ◽  
Idsaratt Rinthaisong ◽  
Anuwat Songsom
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Identity Expression

The present study purposes to identify the consequences of collaboration between public sectors and community organizations and to study influential factors towards collaboration to inhibit insurgencies in the unrest areas in the southernmost provinces. There were sixteen key informants habituating organizations situated in both rural and urban areas that include leaders, committees, or members who are deployed as representatives of the organizations in the southernmost provinces, and ten people in a focus group. The research instrument was semi - structured interviews. It was found that three phases of collaboration between public sectors and community organizations in the southernmost provinces are: 1) pre-insurgency collaboration in conducting activities and projects due to government policies; 2) insurgent periods collaboration in coordination, following up, and communication; 3) post-insurgency, collaboration in habitation, healing, and assistance. Moreover, influential factors towards collaboration to inhibit insurgencies in the unrest areas in the southernmost provinces, e.g. trustworthiness and communication between public sectors and community organizations, participation in peace processes, community administration, identity expression, and policy appropriateness. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-2: 90-95

Energy, Communication, Health, Irrigation and Security Infrastructure and its impact on Household Poverty in Pakistan: A Case Study of District Rajanpur, Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Ismat Nasim ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Saddam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Security Infrastructure

Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in economic development and for reduction of Households Poverty. The present study aims at investigating the effect of various kinds of infrastructure like Energy, Communication, Health, Irrigation, and Security on Households Poverty in one of the most under-developed districts of Pakistan namely Rajanpur. The survey was conducted for this purpose in the rural and urban areas and the researchers were successful to collect primary data from 300 households. The outcome of logistic regression suggests that Infrastructure in its various kinds i.e. Energy, Communication, Health, Irrigation, and Security are found as sources of lower Households Poverty. Moreover, Age, Education, Income, and value of assets tend to reduce Households poverty while Households poverty is increasing due to large family size and in urban areas of District Rajanpur. It is suggested that Government should give special attention to the provision of 5G internet technologies, access to clean drinking water, and disbursal of soft loans for the solar systems for the under-developed districts of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Few urban–rural differences in older carers' access to community services

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Lucke ◽  
Anne Russell ◽  
Leigh Tooth ◽  
Christina Lee ◽  
Melanie Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Caregiving Roles

To examine perceived adequacy of access to information and services, and perceived quality of health and community services, among older female carers across rural and urban areas primary data were collected as part of the ongoing Australian Longitudinal Study on Women?s Health (ALSWH). In all, 306 women in their 70s who had family caregiving roles responded to a nested substudy of the ALSWH. There were few reported differences between urban and rural older carers in their access to health and community services for the people they cared for. In fact, those in rural areas fared slightly better than those in urban areas in awareness of service availability and perceived quality of service. Many older carers in both rural and urban areas do not access health and community services even when appropriate services are available. A better understanding is needed of how support can be delivered to complement older carers? existing arrangements.

scholarly journals A Methodology for the Identification and Assessment of the Conditions for the Practice of Outdoor and Sport Tourism-Related Activities: The Case of Northern Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7343
Author(s):  
Goretti Silva ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Susana Rachão ◽  
Alcina Nunes ◽  
Elvira Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Assessment Matrix ◽  
And Performance

Tourists’ demand for outdoor sport-related activities has been growing in the last decade, leading to the recognition of the outdoor tourism potential of the development of rural and urban areas where the activities could take place. While the literature has recognized this potential, its features and the existing conditions for its practice are often not fully comprehended, mainly due to the lack of measurement systems and performance indicators. This study addresses this gap by proposing a wide-ranging assessment matrix of nine outdoor-related activities, employing northern Portugal as a study area. Based on an exploratory qualitative analysis employing semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (public, private and third sector), the main contribution of this study lies in the development of the outdoor tourism assessment matrix (OTAM) to collect data. The OTAM matrix aims to identify and assess the conditions, namely the infrastructure and resources, for the practice of outdoor and sport tourism-related activities within the sustainable development pillars. The nine matrices comprising the OTAM allow the identification of the places where the outdoor activities can be practiced, and the conditions under which they can contribute to the definition of the development strategies of outdoor tourism.

scholarly journals Violence against rural women: conceptions of professionals in the intersectoral network of care

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-179
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bervian ◽  
Marta Cocco Da Costa ◽  
Ethel Bastos Da Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Arboit ◽  
Fernanda Honnef
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
La Red

Introducción: La violencia contra las mujeres tanto en áreas rurales como urbanas requiere para su enfrentamiento la articulación de diferentes sectores, a través de una red de atención.Objetivo: Conocer las concepciones de profesionales de la red de atención acerca de la violencia contra las mujeres rurales.Método: Investigación cualitativa, realizada con 26 profesionales de la red de atención a las mujeres rurales en situación de violencia en cuatro municipios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La generación de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, siendo analizadas por el análisis de contenido temático.Resultados: Los profesionales relacionaban la violencia contra las mujeres rurales a aspectos culturales, generacionales y heterogeneidades de género, que naturalizan la violencia. Indicaban los distintos tipos de violencia vivenciados, desde la violencia física, psicológica, moral, sexual, dependencia, privación de libertad hasta las jornadas de trabajo intensas.Conclusiones: Los hallazgos refuerzan las desigualdades de género que perpetúan la subyugación y sumisión de las mujeres rurales. Introduction: Violence against women in both rural and urban areas requires the coordination of different sectors through a network of care. Objective: To know the conceptions of professionals of the care network about violence against rural women. Method: Qualitative research carried out with 26 professionals from the network of care to rural women in situations of violence in four cities of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Data were generated semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the thematic content analysis. Results: Professionals related violence against rural women to cultural, generational and gender heterogeneities, which makes violence natural. They pointed to the different types of violence experienced, either physical, psychological, moral, and sexual violence, dependence, deprivation of liberty and intense work hours. Conclusions: The findings reinforce the gender inequalities that perpetuate the subjugation and submission of rural women. Introdução: A violência contra mulheres tanto em áreas rurais quanto urbanas requer para seu enfrentamento a articulação de diferentes setores, por meio de uma rede de atendimento. Objetivo: Conhecer as concepções de profissionais da rede de atendimento acerca da violência contra mulheres rurais. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 26 profissionais da rede de atendimento às mulheres rurais em situação de violência em quatro municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A geração de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisadas pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os profissionais relacionavam a violência contra as mulheres rurais a aspectos culturais, geracionais e heterogeneidades de gênero, que naturalizam a violência. Apontavam os diferentes tipos de violência vivenciados, desde a violência física, psicológica, moral, sexual, dependência, privação de liberdade até as jornadas de trabalho intensas. Conclusões: Os achados reforçam as desigualdades de gênero que perpetuam a subjugação e submissão das mulheres rurais.

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