Operation and Control of Microgrid

2022 ◽  
pp. 1437-1458
Author(s):  
Maheswari M. ◽  
Gunasekharan S.
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Distribution Generation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flexible Operation

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day due to technological advancements. According to the demand, the size of the grid is also increasing rapidly in the past decade. However, the traditional centralized power grid has many drawbacks such as high operating cost, customer satisfaction, less reliability, and security. Distribution generation has less pollution, high energy efficiency, and flexible installation than traditional generation. It also improves the performance of the grid in peak load and reliability of supply. The concept of micro-grid has been raised due to the advent of new technologies and development of the power electronics and modern control theory. Micro-grid is the significant part of the distribution network in the future of smart grid, which has advanced and flexible operation and control pattern, and integrates distributed clean energy.

Operation and Control of Microgrid

2019 ◽  
pp. 412-433
Author(s):  
Maheswari M. ◽  
Gunasekharan S.
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Distribution Generation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flexible Operation

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day due to technological advancements. According to the demand, the size of the grid is also increasing rapidly in the past decade. However, the traditional centralized power grid has many drawbacks such as high operating cost, customer satisfaction, less reliability, and security. Distribution generation has less pollution, high energy efficiency, and flexible installation than traditional generation. It also improves the performance of the grid in peak load and reliability of supply. The concept of micro-grid has been raised due to the advent of new technologies and development of the power electronics and modern control theory. Micro-grid is the significant part of the distribution network in the future of smart grid, which has advanced and flexible operation and control pattern, and integrates distributed clean energy.

scholarly journals A Survey on Enhanced Smart Micro-Grid Management System with Modern Wireless Technology Contribution

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Tightiz ◽  
Hyosik Yang ◽  
Mohammad Jalil Piran
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Management System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Grid Management

Micro-grid (MG) deployment has dramatically become more popular with the high penetration of renewable energy resources (RER). This trend brings with it the merits of independent power grid clean energy resource-based systems, and simultaneously the demerits of an unstable grid due to the intermittent nature of RER. Control and monitoring of MG through robust and ubiquitous communication system infrastructure is the solution to overcoming this intermittency. There has been an increasing focus in recent years on using wireless communication technologies as a prominent candidate in holistic proposal for the micro-grid management system (MGMS). The MGMS has been developed using the multi-agent system (MAS), multi-micro-grid (multi-MG), Internet of things (IoT) integration, and cloud concepts requiring new communication specifications, which can be satisfied by next-generation wireless technologies. There is, however, a lack of comprehensive corresponding investigation into management levels of MG interaction requirements and applied communication technologies, as well as a roadmap for wireless communication deployment, especially for the next generation. In this paper, we investigate communication technology applications in the MG and focus on their classification in a way that determines standard gaps when applying wireless for MG control levels. We also explore and categorize the literature that has applied wireless technologies to MG. Moreover, since MGMS has been revolutionized by attaching new technologies and applications to make it an active element of the power system, we address future trends for MGMS and offer a roadmap for applying new enhancements in wireless technologies, especially the fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks with its exclusive characteristics, to implement this novel approach.

Variable Pressure Peaking Boiler, Operation, Testing, and Control

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Lansing
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Base Load

During the last few years many utilities have been purchasing fossil fueled power plants designed to be used for initial or future cycling service. As more large nuclear units are placed in service with their low incremental operating cost, it is anticipated that many fossil units will be operated to meet daily cycling load demands while still retaining the ability to efficiently supply a large amount of the system base load, if it is required. This paper discusses the operation and control of a gas and oil fired variable pressure drum boiler specified and designed for peaking operation at a major U. S. utility company. Operating results obtained during normal unit shutdowns, startups for morning peak load, and rapid, variable, and constant pressure load changes are presented. Also discussed are the major control system features employed for variable pressure operation as well as operation of the superheater by-pass system. The advantages of variable pressure operation are pointed out and explained along with supporting operational data.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Inclusive Human Development: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Gulati ◽  
Manveen Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Work Family

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) adoption is increasing globally for human development because of its potential affect in many aspects of economic and societal activities such as GDP growth, employment, productivity, poverty alleviation, quality of life, education, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, and healthcare. Adoption of new technologies has been the main challenge in rural areas and is the main reason for the growing gap between rural and urban economy. The work related ICT use have also yielded mixed results; some studies show the individual’s perceived work-family conflict, negative cognitive responses e.g. techno stress while others show increased productivity, improved job satisfaction and work-family balance due to flexible work timings. This paper attempts to understand the role of ICT in human development areas of health, education and citizen empowerment taking into consideration of digital divide which exists in geographic area and within the communities through literature review.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Improving Subsoiling Quality and Reducing Energy Consumption in Conservation Fields

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Shangyi Lou ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Qingjie Wang ◽  
Caiyun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Tillage Depth ◽  
And Control

Subsoiling has been acknowledged worldwide to break compacted hardpan, improve soil permeability and water storage capacity, and promote topsoil deepening and root growth. However, there exist certain factors which limit the wide in-field application of subsoiling machines. Of these factors, the main two are poor subsoiling quality and high energy consumption, especially the undesired tillage depth obtained in the field with cover crops. Based on the analysis of global adoption and benefits of subsoiling technology, and application status of subsoiling machines, this article reviewed the research methods, technical characteristics, and developing trends in five key aspects, including subsoiling shovel design, anti-drag technologies, technologies of tillage depth detection and control, and research on soil mechanical interaction. Combined with the research progress and application requirements of subsoiling machines across the globe, current problems and technical difficulties were analyzed and summarized. Aiming to solve these problems, improve subsoiling quality, and reduce energy consumption, this article proposed future directions for the development of subsoiling machines, including optimizing the soil model in computer simulation, strengthening research on the subsoiling mechanism and comprehensive effect, developing new tillage depth monitoring and control systems, and improving wear-resisting properties of subsoiling shovels.

scholarly journals IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Pedro Moura ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Campana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Iot Platform

University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.

scholarly journals Key Performance Indicators for an Energy Community Based on Sustainable Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8789
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bianco ◽  
Barbara Bonvini ◽  
Stefano Bracco ◽  
Federico Delfino ◽  
Paola Laiolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Green Energy

As reported in the “Clean energy for all Europeans package” set by the EU, a sustainable transition from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy is necessary to improve the quality of life of citizens and the livability in cities. The exploitation of renewable sources, the improvement of energy performance in buildings and the need for cutting-edge national energy and climate plans represent important and urgent topics to be faced in order to implement the sustainability concept in urban areas. In addition, the spread of polygeneration microgrids and the recent development of energy communities enable a massive installation of renewable power plants, high-performance small-size cogeneration units, and electrical storage systems; moreover, properly designed local energy production systems make it possible to optimize the exploitation of green energy sources and reduce both energy supply costs and emissions. In the present paper, a set of key performance indicators is introduced in order to evaluate and compare different energy communities both from a technical and environmental point of view. The proposed methodology was used in order to assess and compare two sites characterized by the presence of sustainable energy infrastructures: the Savona Campus of the University of Genoa in Italy, where a polygeneration microgrid has been in operation since 2014 and new technologies will be installed in the near future, and the SPEED2030 District, an urban area near the Campus where renewable energy power plants (solar and wind), cogeneration units fed by hydrogen and storage systems are planned to be installed.

scholarly journals Phony peach disease: past and present impact on the peach industry in the southeastern U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall A. Johnson ◽  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Phony peach disease (PPD) is caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (Xfm). Historically, the disease has caused severe yield loss in Georgia and elsewhere in the southeastern United States, with millions of PPD trees being removed from peach orchards over the last century. The disease remains a production constraint, and management options are few. Limited research has been conducted on PPD since the 1980s, but the advent of new technologies offers the opportunity for new, foundational research to form a basis for informed management of PPD in the U.S. Furthermore, considering the global threat of Xylella to many plant species, preventing import of Xfm to other regions, particularly where peach is grown, should be considered an important phytosanitary endeavor. Main topics We review PPD, its history and impact on peach production, and the eradication efforts that were conducted for 42 years. Additionally, we review the current knowledge of the pathogen, Xfm, and how that knowledge relates to our understanding of the peach—Xylella pathosystem, including the epidemiology of the disease and consideration of the vectors. Methods used to detect the pathogen in peach are discussed, and ramifications of detection in relation to management and control of PPD are considered. Control options for PPD are limited. Our current knowledge of the pathogen diversity and disease epidemiology are described, and based on this, some potential areas for future research are also considered. Conclusion There is a lack of recent foundational research on PPD and the associated strain of Xfm. More research is needed to reduce the impact of this pathogen on peach production in the southeastern U.S., and, should it spread internationally, wherever peaches are grown.

scholarly journals Is There a Predisposition towards the Use of New Technologies within the Traffic Field of Emerging Countries? The Case of the Dominican Republic

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Mireia Faus ◽  
Cristina Esteban ◽  
Sergio A. Useche
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traffic in big cities. The population perceives the benefits provided by these systems, and, therefore, citizens usually have a favorable opinion of them. However, emerging countries, which have fewer available infrastructures, could present a certain lack of trust. The objective of this work is to detect the level of knowledge and predisposition towards the use of new technologies in the transportation field of the Dominican Republic. For this study, the National Survey on Mobility was administered to a sample of Dominican citizens, proportional to the ONE census and to sex, age and province. The knowledge of ITS topics, as well as the use of mobile applications for mobility, are scarce; however, there was a significant increase that can be observed in only one year. Moreover, technology is, in general, positively assessed for what concerns the improvement of the traffic field, even though there is a lack of predisposition to provide one’s personal data, which is necessary for these devices. The process of technological development in the country must be backed up by laws that protect the citizens’ privacy. Thus, technologies that can improve road safety, mobility and sustainability can be implemented in the country.

scholarly journals Overfeeding Extends the Period of Annual Cyclicity but Increases the Risk of Early Embryonic Death in Shetland Pony Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Nicky M. M. D’Fonseca ◽  
Charlotte M. E. Gibson ◽  
Iris Hummel ◽  
David A. van Doorn ◽  
Ellen Roelfsema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Annual Duration ◽  
Embryonic Death

Obesity has been associated with altered reproductive activity in mares, and may negatively affect fertility. To examine the influence of long-term high-energy (HE) feeding on fertility, Shetland pony mares were fed a diet containing 200% of net energy (NE) requirements during a three-year study. The incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAF) and annual duration of cyclicity were compared to those in control mares receiving a maintenance diet. Day-7 embryos were flushed and transferred between donor and recipient mares from both groups; the resulting conceptuses were collected 21 days after transfer to assess conceptus development. HE mares became obese, and embryos recovered from HE mares were more likely to succumb to early embryonic death. The period of annual cyclicity was extended in HE compared to control mares in all years. The incidence of HAFs did not consistently differ between HE and control mares. No differences in embryo morphometric parameters were apparent. In conclusion, consuming a HE diet extended the duration of cyclicity, and appeared to increase the likelihood of embryos undergoing early embryonic death following embryo transfer.

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