Impact of Climatic Changes on Earth's Survival

2022 ◽  
pp. 118-140
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Navneet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Meteorological Variable ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Pollutants Transport ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Every species' survival on earth is dependent on each other for their demand and dependent on the environment and various other sources. These resources include fresh food, clean drinking water, timber for construction, natural gas and coal for industries, fibers for clothing. All the human activity affects the environment severely in different ways. The biggest threats to the environment are climatic changes. Climate is an important factor that affects all survival on earth. The different pollutants, transport, dispersion, chemical transformation, as well as the deposition can be affected by meteorological variable such as humidity, wind, temperature. Climatic changes are expected to worsen the quality of air and water by changing the atmospheric processes and chemistry. Not only human beings but every aspect of the ecosystem is affected due to the changing climate. This chapter will explore the impacts of climatic changes on biodiversity by various activities of humans. Additionally, it will sketch how the impacts can be reduced by plants.

Impact of Climatic Changes on Earth's Survival

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-182
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Navneet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Meteorological Variable ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Pollutants Transport ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Every species' survival on earth is dependent on each other for their demand and dependent on the environment and various other sources. These resources include fresh food, clean drinking water, timber for construction, natural gas and coal for industries, fibers for clothing. All the human activity affects the environment severely in different ways. The biggest threats to the environment are climatic changes. Climate is an important factor that affects all survival on earth. The different pollutants, transport, dispersion, chemical transformation, as well as the deposition can be affected by meteorological variable such as humidity, wind, temperature. Climatic changes are expected to worsen the quality of air and water by changing the atmospheric processes and chemistry. Not only human beings but every aspect of the ecosystem is affected due to the changing climate. This chapter will explore the impacts of climatic changes on biodiversity by various activities of humans. Additionally, it will sketch how the impacts can be reduced by plants.

Protecting health from metal exposures in drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret-Ann Armour
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Determinant ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractDrinking water is essential to us as human beings. According to the World Health Organization “The quality of drinking-water is a powerful environmental determinant of health” (

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Sachets Sold in the City of Yaoundé in Cameroon: Tests of Sensitivity to the Antibiotics of Bacteria Isolated

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nguepidjo Gilbert ◽  
Kapso Tchouankep Mireille ◽  
Ngong Ankiambom Innocent ◽  
Tonmeu Douyong Chimène Sandrine ◽  
Enoka Patrice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

Water is the basic drink for human beings and drinking water in sachets is very popular because of its relatively low cost and availability. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile of sachet drinking water sold in the city of Yaounde. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from March to June 2019, carried out in the application laboratory of ETMS-Yaounde. A total of 230 samples of drinking water in sachets purchased in different markets in the city of Yaounde were analyzed using Mac Conkey's flooding method. The identification was done on the API 20 E Gallery and the susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton media. The size of the sample was 230 packaged sachet drinking water and 213 of the 230 revealed 92% of positive culture of germs, and only 17 samples gave a negative culture, at a percentage of 8% of isolated germs. The isolated bacterial species and their respective abundances in samples were Enterobacter gergoviae (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Serratia fonticola (5%), Salmonella choler arizonae cloacae (8%), Salmonella spp. (8%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (28%). All these tested germs were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin and 70% of tested germs were sensitive to Gentamycin. Overall, the results revealed poor microbiological quality of these waters. This exposes consumers to health risks, and it is important to inform and sensitize consumers about the risks involved, to educate producers and to control their activities by the health services.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Enhancement for Solar Disinfection of Water: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Byrne ◽  
Pilar A. Fernandez-Ibañez ◽  
Patrick S. M. Dunlop ◽  
Dheaya M. A. Alrousan ◽  
Jeremy W. J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Semiconductor Photocatalysis ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

It is estimated that 884 million people lack access to improved water supplies. Many more are forced to rely on supplies that are microbiologically unsafe, resulting in a higher risk of waterborne diseases, including typhoid, hepatitis, polio, and cholera. Due to poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water, there are around 4 billion cases of diarrhea each year resulting in 2.2 million deaths, most of these are children under five. While conventional interventions to improve water supplies are effective, there is increasing interest in household-based interventions to produce safe drinking water at an affordable cost for developing regions. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a simple and low cost technique used to disinfect drinking water, where water is placed in transparent containers and exposed to sunlight for 6 hours. There are a number of parameters which affect the efficacy of SODIS, including the solar irradiance, the quality of the water, and the nature of the contamination. One approach to SODIS enhancement is the use of semiconductor photocatalysis to produce highly reactive species that can destroy organic pollutants and inactivate water pathogens. This paper presents a critical review concerning semiconductor photocatalysis as a potential enhancement technology for solar disinfection of water.

scholarly journals Study of Some Physical & Chemical Characteristic Properties of Ground Water in the Villages of Veeraghattam and Palakonda Mandals in Srikakulam District, A.P, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadikatla Kumar ◽  
Mushini Rao ◽  
M. P. S. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Human beings require potable water for drinking to keep them healthy. Clean, safe and adequate fresh water is vital to the survival of all living organisms. Drinking water affects the health of human beings due to the presence of various dissolved chemical constituents. Problems arising out of chemical constituents in drinking water are different from the problems of microbial contamination. Therefore, consumers should have at least minimum knowledge on quality of drinking water. People across the world depend on ground water for drinking. Ground water is a major source, so based on the importance of the matter; a research topic is taken up on the assessment of quality of groundwater in the selected areas of villages in Veeraghattam and Palakonda Mandals of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh. This preliminary study assessed the quality of physical and chemical characteristic properties of underground water in the selected locations of 40 villages in Veeraghattam and 39 villages in Palakonda Mandals of Srikakulam District. Some physico chemical characteristic parameters are estimated in the samples and the results obtained are compared with the available standard values such as WHO and BIS.

scholarly journals Investigation of the influence of chlorine-containing disinfectant type on the quality of drinking water and the effectiveness of water treatment technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Tamara Krasnova ◽  
Yuri Skolubovich ◽  
Elena Gogina ◽  
Dmitry Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Organohalogen Compounds

Introduction. Effectiveness and applicability of chlorine-containing disinfectants used in the practice of water treatment were studied for the purpose of solving urgent environmental problems associated with the formation of secondary pollutants generated during the chlorination of natural water. Such contaminations are mostly represented by organohalogen compounds producing strong negative effect on the physiological state of living organisms, including human beings. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use technical grade sodium hypochlorite instead of traditional liquid chlorine when selecting disinfectants for natural water. Technical grade sodium hypochlorite is obtained by saturating solutions of diaphragmatic sodium hydroxide with chlorine gas at the stage of liquefaction of chlorine and caustic soda production. Sodium hypochlorite solution is significantly less toxic, non-flammable and not explosive. Materials and methods. A comparative study was conducted as to changes in the content of organohalogen compounds and heavy metals in water treated with sodium hypochlorite and liquid chlorine of one year duration. Analyses of water samples of water treated with liquid chlorine and sodium hypochlorite were made to measure concentrations of heavy metals, organohalogen compounds and other drinking water quality indicators, as specified by current regulations. Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the use of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection provides a higher quality of drinking water, therefore, it is advisable to replace liquid chlorine with technical grade sodium hypochlorite in the process of water treatment as potable water. Conclusions. The results of the study formed the basis for numerous industrial tests and subsequent implementation in existing water treatment plants in many large cities of Russia.

scholarly journals Households' willingness to pay for quality of drinking water in Jaffna area of Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-638
Author(s):  
Sooriyakumar Krishnapillai ◽  
Sumangkalai Perinpanathan ◽  
Sivashankar Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Choice Modeling ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Abstract Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka depends on groundwater for drinking water. Supply of clean drinking water has become limited due to overuse of agrochemicals, widespread use of pit latrines, and seawater intrusion. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay for the attributes of water quality and supply. One hundred and twenty households were randomly selected in the study area. A choice modeling approach was employed. The result indicates that, on average, households' willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality is three times higher than their monthly payment. Households are willing to pay more for reduction in calcium than for reduction in nitrate and improvement of other attributes. The education level of households influences willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality more than the income level of households. There is high potential to finance for the improvement of the water quality from the households. Water supply and drainage board can afford to supply the drinking water at the WHO standard and charge price on a volumetric basis. The findings of this study would be useful for policymakers to set the appropriate price and policy to develop a sustainable project.

scholarly journals Kualitas air minum isi ulang pada depot air minum di Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan

Cassowary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Awliya Nur Marhamah ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Living Things

Water is a chemical compound that is very important for the life of human beings and other living things. Refill water is water that undergoes special treatment, among others, the process of chlorination, aeration, filtration and irradiation with ultraviolet light. The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of refill drinking water produced by refill drinking water depots in South Manokwari Regency based on physical, chemical and microbiological variables. The descriptive method was used in this study. Samples of refill drinking water were collected from 6 depots located in South Manokwari Regency.   Water samples are taken to the laboratory for chemical, physical and microbiological quality analyzes. Good quality refill drinking water at the kiosk is drinking water produced by depots B and F, while drinking water produced from depot E was quite good.. The refill drinking water treatment process was carried out using the reverse osmosis method, a combination of the reverse osmosis and ultraviolet methods. The quality of refill drinking water in depots B, D, and F meets the quality standard requirements based on Permenkes 2010. E. coli population contained in refill water in depots A, C and F after storage in gallons for 3 days was above the quality standard requirements so it must be boiled before being consumed by humans.

scholarly journals Coping with poor water supplies: empirical evidence from Kathmandu, Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Katuwal ◽  
Alok K. Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Major Treatment ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Selection Of

The authors examined the demand for clean drinking water using treatment behaviors in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water supply is inadequate, unreliable and low quality. Households engage in several strategies to cope with the unreliable and poor quality of water supplies. Some of the major coping strategies are hauling, storing, and point-of-use treatment. Boiling, filtering, and use of Uro-guard are some of the major treatment methods. Using Water Survey of Kathmandu, the authors estimated the effect of wealth, education, information, gender, caste/ethnicity and opinion about water quality on drinking water treatment behaviors. The results show that people tend to increase boiling and then filtering instead of only one method if they are wealthier. In addition, people boil and then filter instead of boiling only and filtering only if they think that water delivered to the tap is dirty. Exposure to information has the strongest effect in general for the selection of all available treatment modes.

scholarly journals Research of clean drinking water provision the population of the Kemerovo region-Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 08018
Author(s):  
Anna Zaytseva ◽  
Olga Brel ◽  
Kirill Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Different Water Sources

Many regions of Russian Federation have serious problems with water supply. Despite the significant water resource potential, including ground, surface and mineral waters, not all the population of the Kemerovo region is provided with clean drinking water. Besides the location of heavy industry enterprises, especially coal mines and pits, within the boundaries of river basins affects the condition and quality of water from different water sources. The purpose of this paper is to provide a research of clean drinking water providing the population of the Kemerovo region-Kuzbass, formulate the main problems and identify possible areas of activity in the field of increasing the availability of clean drinking water for the population of Kemerovo region-Kuzbass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document