Clapping From the Arena

2022 ◽  
pp. 871-892
Author(s):  
Esther Akumbo Nyam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Natural Climate

Climate change is a serious global issue and concern that is attributed to change. A change of climate that is directly or indirectly related to human activity, that which alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. There is therefore no doubt that the earth is warming, and the climate changing. Despotism and the rule of despots as agents of democracy has created a rift in the issue of climate change on its citizenry in the southern zone of Plateau State in the area of health, water shortages, cutting meals due to the economic recession in Nigeria. Research has shown that climate change can create a conflict, and it does have a direct effect on scarce resources required to sustain life. Water is at the heart of human existence. Global warming has a major impact on global water cycle, hence on rainfall, soil moisture, rivers, and sea levels. If climate change is not tackled urgently, the calamity will be enormous.

Clapping From the Arena

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-53
Author(s):  
Esther Akumbo Nyam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Natural Climate

Climate change is a serious global issue and concern that is attributed to change. A change of climate that is directly or indirectly related to human activity, that which alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. There is therefore no doubt that the earth is warming, and the climate changing. Despotism and the rule of despots as agents of democracy has created a rift in the issue of climate change on its citizenry in the southern zone of Plateau State in the area of health, water shortages, cutting meals due to the economic recession in Nigeria. Research has shown that climate change can create a conflict, and it does have a direct effect on scarce resources required to sustain life. Water is at the heart of human existence. Global warming has a major impact on global water cycle, hence on rainfall, soil moisture, rivers, and sea levels. If climate change is not tackled urgently, the calamity will be enormous.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study for the Mitigation of the Climate Change Effects: The Case of the North Aegean Region of Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10420
Author(s):  
Ioannis Chatziioannou ◽  
Efthimios Bakogiannis ◽  
Charalampos Kyriakidis ◽  
Luis Alvarez-Icaza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
A Prospective Study

One of the biggest challenges of our time is climate change. Every day, at different places of the world, the planet sends alarming messages about the enormous transformations it is experiencing due to human-based activities. The latter are responsible for changing weather patterns that threaten food production, energy production and energy consumption, the desertification of land, the displacement of people and animals because of food and water shortages due to the reductions in rainfall, natural disasters and rising sea levels. The effects of climate change affect us all, and if drastic measures are not considered in a timely manner, it will be more difficult and costly to adapt to the aforementioned effects in the future. Considering this context, the aim of this work is to implement a prospective study/structural analysis to the identified sectors of a regional plan of adaptation to climate change so as to promote the resilience of the region against the negative phenomena generated by the climate crisis. This was achieved in two steps: first, we identified the relationships between the strategic sectors of the plan and organized them in order of importance. Second, we assessed the effectiveness of several public policies oriented towards a city’s resilience according to their impact upon the strategic sectors of the plan and the co-benefits generated by their implementation for society. The results highlight that the most essential sectors for the mitigation of climate change are flood risk management, built environment, forest ecosystem management, human health, tourism and rise in sea level. As a consequence, the most important measures for the resilience of the North Aegean Region against climate change are the ones related to the preparation of strategic master plans for flood protection projects.

scholarly journals Climate change and sectors of the surface water cycle in CMIP5 projections

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 8537-8569 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dirmeyer ◽  
G. Fang ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
P. Yadav ◽  
A. D. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Change Models ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract. Results from ten global climate change models are synthesized to investigate changes in extremes, defined as wettest and driest deciles in precipitation, soil moisture and runoff based on each model's historical twentieth century simulated climatology. Under a moderate warming scenario, regional increases in drought frequency are found with little increase in floods. For more severe warming, both drought and flood become much more prevalent, with nearly the entire globe significantly affected. Soil moisture changes tend toward drying while runoff trends toward flood. To determine how different sectors of society dependent the on various components of the surface water cycle may be affected, changes in monthly means and interannual variability are compared to data sets of crop distribution and river basin boundaries. For precipitation, changes in interannual variability can be important even when there is little change in the long-term mean. Over 20% of the globe is projected to experience a combination of reduced precipitation and increased variability under severe warming. There are large differences in the vulnerability of different types of crops, depending on their spatial distributions. Increases in soil moisture variability are again found to be a threat even where soil moisture is not projected to decrease. The combination of increased variability and greater annual discharge over many basins portends increased risk of river flooding, although a number of basins are projected to suffer surface water shortages.

scholarly journals Identifying Challenging Barriers to Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change: A Case of Leribe District, Lesotho

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsepang Clementine Mofolo ◽  
Kheleli Mareabetsoe Rethabile
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Food Shortages

Climate change has become a global issue that most if not all countries around the world are tackling. Its impacts cut across different sectors, but for less developed countries like Lesotho, agriculture is a sector that is being affected the most. Lesotho depends on rainfed agriculture, mostly for subsistence and in part for commercial purposes as a source of income. Research in Lesotho has focused more on the implications of climate change on environmental processes, and less attention has been directed towards farmers as producers of food in an industry that provides livelihood to over 70% of its population. The first approach this article takes is to identify the intent and decision of farmers to adapt to climate change and the barriers that affect these decisions are explored. In identifying challenging barriers to farmers’ adaptation to climate change adaptation, the study was carried out in Leribe district, one of the 10 districts in Lesotho because it is known as the food basket of the country because of its high potential arable land. 138 farmers were purposively sampled to carry out the research, which was conducted using questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. From the study, perceptions of farmers that rainfall intensity, duration and frequency has decreased, and that temperatures have become extremely high were recorded. This, according to farmers, had led to impacts of water shortages, increase in frequency of droughts among other impacts. Farmers have adopted measures to minimize these impacts. The intention of farmers to adapt to climate change amidst the impacts exists amongst farmers. The study therefore aims of the study is to identify the potentially challenging barriers to farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Leribe. The conclusions drawn from the study are that in the sense of climate change impacts, agricultural productivity reduced, and seasonal food shortages prevailed. Lesotho’s capacity to grow its own food has dwindled dramatically. The food security policy must lay out plans to boost food production, and there must be cross-sector partnerships to provide necessary assistance for the lowest and most vulnerable farmers at both district and national levels.

Climate Change and Supply Chain Operations

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-126
Author(s):  
Costas P. Pappis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

In the previous chapter 3 the focus of the presentation has been on the implications of climate change, as felt globally, for the environment and human societies in developing as well as in developed countries. As noticed there, the Stern Review’s conclusion that “climate change will have increasingly severe impacts on people around the world, with a growing risk of abrupt and large-scale changes at higher temperatures” (Stern Review, 2006) is shared by most scientists and governments. The Review warns that “a warmer world with a more intense water cycle and rising sea levels will influence many key determinants of wealth and well-being, including water supply, food production, human health, availability of land, and the environment” (Stern Review, p. 84).

scholarly journals Estimated Impacts of Climate Change on Eddy Meridional Moisture Transport in the Atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 4992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Baroclinic Instability ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Global Water Cycle

Research findings suggest that water (hydrological) cycle of the earth intensifies in response to climate change, since the amount of water that evaporates from the ocean and land to the atmosphere and the total water content in the air will increase with temperature. In addition, climate change affects the large-scale atmospheric circulation by, for example, altering the characteristics of extratropical transient eddies (cyclones), which play a dominant role in the meridional transport of heat, moisture, and momentum from tropical to polar latitudes. Thus, climate change also affects the planetary hydrological cycle by redistributing atmospheric moisture around the globe. Baroclinic instability, a specific type of dynamical instability of the zonal atmospheric flow, is the principal mechanism by which extratropical cyclones form and evolve. It is expected that, due to global warming, the two most fundamental dynamical quantities that control the development of baroclinic instability and the overall global atmospheric dynamics—the parameter of static stability and the meridional temperature gradient (MTG)—will undergo certain changes. As a result, climate change can affect the formation and evolution of transient extratropical eddies and, therefore, macro-exchange of heat and moisture between low and high latitudes and the global water cycle as a whole. In this paper, we explore the effect of changes in the static stability parameter and MTG caused by climate change on the annual-mean eddy meridional moisture flux (AMEMF), using the two classical atmospheric models: the mid-latitude f-plane model and the two-layer β-plane model. These models are represented in two versions: “dry,” which considers the static stability of dry air alone, and “moist,” in which effective static stability is considered as a combination of stability of dry and moist air together. Sensitivity functions were derived for these models that enable estimating the influence of infinitesimal perturbations in the parameter of static stability and MTG on the AMEMF and on large-scale eddy dynamics characterized by the growth rate of unstable baroclinic waves of various wavelengths. For the base climate change scenario, in which the surface temperature increases by 1 °C and warming of the upper troposphere outpaces warming of the lower troposphere by 2 °C (this scenario corresponds to the observed warming trend), the response of the mass-weighted vertically averaged annual mean MTG is -0.2 ℃ per 1000 km. The dry static stability increases insignificantly relative to the reference climate state, while on the other hand, the effective static stability decreases by more than 5.4%. Assuming that static stability of the atmosphere and the MTG are independent of each other (using One-factor-at-a-time approach), we estimate that the increase in AMEMF caused by change in MTG is about 4%. Change in dry static stability has little effect on AMEMF, while change in effective static stability leads to an increase in AMEMF of about 5%. Thus, neglecting atmospheric moisture in calculations of the atmospheric static stability leads to tangible differences between the results obtained using the dry and moist models. Moist models predict ~9% increase in AMEMF due to global warming. Dry models predict ~4% increase in AMEMF solely because of the change in MTG. For the base climate change scenario, the average temperature of the lower troposphere (up to ~4 km), in which the atmospheric moisture is concentrated, increases by ~1.5 ℃. This leads to an increase in specific humidity of about 10.5%. Thus, since both AMEMF and atmospheric water vapor content increase due to the influence of climate change, a rather noticeable restructuring of the global water cycle is expected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document