Water Availability Challenges in Low-Income Areas of Agbowo Community, Ibadan, Nigeria

2022 ◽  
pp. 609-624
Author(s):  
Tosin Kolajo Gbadegesin ◽  
Olawale Olayide
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Health Organization

Water is crucial to life. This has led to the inclusion of a specific water-related target in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that about 663 million people worldwide have no adequate access to safe drinking water while UNICEF stated that about 65 million Nigerians have no access to safe water supplies. It is against this background that this study was conducted in Agbowo Community. The community has a high rate of economic poverty and poor living conditions. The study determined the gap between water supply and demand and enumerated physical and socio-economic variables that influence water availability. The study noted that a significant number of respondents expressed optimism despite the seriousness of the challenges and recommended massive remediation of the area as most of the water sources are contaminated by sewage.

scholarly journals Water Availability Challenges in Low-Income Areas of Agbowo Community, Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Tosin Kolajo Gbadegesin ◽  
Olawale Olayide
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Water is crucial to life. This has led to the inclusion of a specific water-related target in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that about 663 million people worldwide have no adequate access to safe drinking water while UNICEF stated that about 65 million Nigerians have no access to safe water supplies. It is against this background that this study was conducted in Agbowo Community. The community has a high rate of economic poverty and poor living conditions. The study determined the gap between water supply and demand and enumerated physical and socio-economic variables that influence water availability. The study noted that a significant number of respondents expressed optimism despite the seriousness of the challenges and recommended massive remediation of the area as most of the water sources are contaminated by sewage.

scholarly journals Establishing Sustainable Development Goal Baselines for Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bain ◽  
Richard Johnston ◽  
Francesco Mitis ◽  
Christie Chatterley ◽  
Tom Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), through the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), are responsible for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The SDGs represent a fundamental shift in household WASH monitoring with a new focus on service levels and the incorporation of hygiene. This article reflects on the process of establishing SDG baselines and the methods used to generate national, regional and global estimates for the new household WASH indicators. The JMP 2017 update drew on over 3000 national data sources, primarily household surveys (n = 1443), censuses (n = 309) and administrative data (n = 1494). Whereas most countries could generate estimates for basic drinking water and basic sanitation, fewer countries could report on basic handwashing facilities, water quality and the disposal of waste from onsite sanitation. Based on data for 96 and 84 countries, respectively, the JMP estimates that globally 2.1 billion (29%) people lacked safely managed drinking water services and 4.5 billion (61%) lacked safely managed sanitation services in 2015. The expanded JMP inequalities database also finds substantial disparities by wealth and sub-national regions. The SDG baselines for household WASH reveal the scale of the challenge associated with achieving universal safely managed services and the substantial acceleration needed in many countries to achieve even basic services for everyone by 2030. Many countries have begun to localise the global SDG targets and are investing in data collection to address the SDG data gaps, whether through the integration of new elements in household surveys or strengthening collection and reporting of information through administrative and regulatory systems.

scholarly journals Analisis Durasi Tidur, Asupan Makanan, dan Aktivitas Fisik sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Obesitas pada Balita Usia 3-5 Tahun

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Wara Fitria Tristiyanti ◽  
Didik Gunawan Tamtomo ◽  
Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Latar belakang. Obesitas pada balita menjadi perhatian World Health Organization (WHO) dengan menetapkan masalah obesitas sebagai salah satu indikator untuk mengatasi masalah melalui Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pada tahun 2015, prevalensi obesitas balita secara global mencapai 6,2% atau 42 juta balita. Faktor penyebab obesitas di antaranya adalah durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik.Tujuan. Untuk menganalisis hubungan durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita usia 3-5 tahun beserta tingkat risiko di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol dengan jumlah total subjek adalah 144 balita di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Jumlah subjek pada masing-masing kelompok adalah 72 balita. Data durasi tidur diperoleh melalui kuesioner Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) tervalidasi, data asupan makanan dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner recall makan 2x24 jam, dan data aktivitas fisik diperoleh dari kuesioner recall aktivitas fisik 24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi- square dan regresi logistik. Hasil. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita usia 3-5 tahun (p<0,005). Balita dengan durasi tidur kurang (lama tidur <10 jam) berisiko menjadi obesitas 2,5 (OR=2,49; IK95%: 1,04-5,93) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita dengan durasi tidur yang cukup (lama tidur ≥10jam). Balita dengan asupan makanan lebih (asupan energi >110 % AKG) berisiko menjadi obesitas 4,4 (OR=4,42; IK95%: 2,02-9,69) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita dengan asupan makanan cukup (asupan energi 80-110% AKG). Balita dengan aktivitas fisik sangat ringan (PAL<1,5) berisiko menjadi obesitas 6,1 (OR=6,15; IK95%: 2,73-13,85) dibandingkan dengan balita dengan aktivitas fisik ringan atau sedang. Kesimpulan. Durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik, secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita usia 3-5 tahun.

scholarly journals Considerations for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals for dengue

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

Dengue circulates endemically in many tropical and subtropical regions. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) set out goals to reduce dengue mortality and morbidity by 50% and 25%, respectively, between 2010 and 2020. These goals will not be met. This is, in part, due to existing interventions being insufficiently effective to prevent spread. Further, complex and variable patterns of disease presentation coupled with imperfect surveillance systems mean that even tracking changes in burden is rarely possible. As part of the Sustainable Development Goals, WHO will propose new dengue-specific goals for 2030. The 2030 goals provide an opportunity for focused action on tackling dengue burden but should be carefully developed to be ambitious but also technically feasible. Here we discuss the potential for clearly defined case fatality rates and the rollout of new and effective intervention technologies to form the foundation of these future goals. Further, we highlight how the complexity of dengue epidemiology limits the feasibility of goals that instead target dengue outbreaks.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the International Education System: Disruptions in Low-income Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Anne Achieng Aseey
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
To Come ◽  
Pipe Dream ◽  
Continued Learning ◽  
Health Organization

Africa as a continent has had challenges in its social, economic and political setup. COVID -19 pandemic amplified some of the issues the continent is struggling to contain at various levels to ensure sustainability. In terms of Education, the continent is yet to come to terms in realizing universal literacy, career related skills development for 21st century, quality education, infrastructure among others. Achieving 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is still a pipe dream. This chapter addresses issues that warrant discussion and raise concerns in education circles in developing continents. The disruptions that affected and impacted on the education sector during the corona pandemic from various standpoints need to be debated and addressed. The chapter will look at issues that impacted on education and how institutional mechanisms were put in place to ensure continuity in education upon World Health organization declaration of COVID -19 as a pandemic. Terms and concepts like online learning, Remote learning ,home schooling, distance learning and others which were not considered as crucial in education became the ‘new normal ‘This study highlights responses at various levels of education and in various geographical settings as to how various governments handled the pandemic. The chapter takes a look of the benefits of using technology during crisis and the value of innovation in continued learning. The role of technology in education and also how it changed and challenged the learning landscape is also highlighted. It also explores instances of equity, unpreparedness and access to quality education at all levels in education.

‘Taking out the Magnifier’: Groups in Vulnerable Situations Under Global Health Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Valentin Aichele
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

In due course of international practice, numerous groups in societies worldwide potentially have been identified to be in a vulnerable situation. Particularly in healthrelated policies and programmes as well as universal strategies such as the Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda), the framing ‘groups in vulnerable situations’ or similar phrasings receive special attention. However, looking at the diverse use of the term, it is not exactly clear what vulnerability might mean in legal terms. While some mix vulnerability with norms, the author promotes an understanding of vulnerability that refers to the facts and whose nature is descriptive. Thus, one major function of the term is to urge States and those responsible for global health policy to look closely at social realities – vulnerability serves a magnifier. This contribution further elaborates an understanding of vulnerability that exists within the context of the human right to health, as this area of law provides a meaningful setting for further addressing foundational issues such as its two-fold nature, the language used, its purpose, and the discussion concerning threshold criteria. Accordingly, the author argues that vulnerability can be used as a key tool for addressing the prevailing worsening of health inequalities and disparities among distinct social groups in a given society on the basis of external factual circumstances such as time and place. Keywords: Global Health Law, Groups in Vulnerable Situations, Health Inequality, Higher Risk, Human Right to Health, Sustainable Development Goals, Vulnerability, World Health Organization

scholarly journals Lack of Safe Drinking Water for Lake Chapala Basin Communities in Mexico Inhibits Progress toward Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 6

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8328
Author(s):  
Charlotte D. Smith ◽  
Kaitlyn Jackson ◽  
Hannah Peters ◽  
Susana Herrera Lima
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Lake Chapala ◽  
Development Goals

Background: Access to safe, affordable and accessible drinking water is a human right and foundational to the third and sixth World Health Organization’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unsafe drinking water is a risk factor for chronic and enteric diseases. Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diarrheal disease are highly prevalent in the Lake Chapala basin, Jalisco, Mexico, suggesting disparities in factors leading to successful achievement of these two SDGs. Methods: This study aimed to assess progress towards SDG three and six in the Lake Chapala basin. Qualitative, quantitative, and geospatial data were collected between May and August of 2019 from three towns within the municipalities of Poncitlán and Chapala. Results: Ninety-nine households participated in this study. Water sampling analyses determined 81.18% of samples from water jugs (garrafones) and 70.05% of samples from tap water were contaminated with total coliform bacteria, often including E. coli. Additionally, 32% of garrafón samples and 61.9% of tap water samples had detectable levels of arsenic. Approximately 97.94% of respondents stated that they believe clean water is a human right, but 78.57% feel the Mexican government does not do enough to make this a reality. Conclusions: This mixed methods approach highlights water quality as a serious issue in communities around Lake Chapala, and demonstrates inadequate drinking water as a key hazard, potentially perpetuating the high disease burden of both CKD and enteric disease in the region.

scholarly journals Factors influencing householders' access to improved water in low-income urban areas of Accra, Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayisha Matuamo Mahama ◽  
Kwabena Asomanin Anaman ◽  
Isaac Osei-Akoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Significant Factors

We analysed householders' access to improved water for drinking and other domestic uses in five selected low-income urban areas of Accra, Ghana using a survey of 1,500 households. Our definitions of improved water were different from those suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results revealed that only 4.4% of the respondents had access to improved drinking water compared to 40.7% using the WHO definition. However, 88.7% of respondents had access to improved water for domestic uses compared to 98.3% using the WHO definition. Using logistic regression analysis, we established that the significant determinant of householders' access to improved drinking water was income. However, for access to improved water for other domestic uses, the significant factors were education, income and location of the household. Compared to migrants, indigenous people and people from mixed areas were less likely to have access to improved water for other domestic purposes. For the analysis using the WHO definitions, most of the independent variables were not statistically significant in determining householders' access, and those variables that were significant generated parameter estimates inconsistent with evidence from the literature and anecdotal evidence from officials of public health and water supply companies in Ghana.

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